교육의 기회균등 관점에서의 중국 소수민족 대학입시제도 우대정책 발전방안

Zhou, Mimi(Zhou, Mimi),전춘련(Quan, ChunLian) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.23

중국은 다민족국가라는 특수성 때문에 정부는 소수민족이 사회에 적응하고 조화로운 사회통합을 이룰 수 있는 다양한 우대정책을 시행하고 있는데 그 중 하나가 소수민족 대학입시 우대정책이다. 현재 중국정부는 경제가 낙후한 지역의 소수민족에게 대학입시 가산점부여, 입학조건 완화 등 대학입시 우대정책을 시행하고 있지만, 정책의 신뢰성 및 선발과정에서의 공정성 등 아직도 해결해야 할 문제들이 남아 있다. 때문에 이 연구에서는 어떻게 하면 우대정책이 정책수요자의 입장에서 신뢰를 받을 수 있을지, 어떠한 방법으로 수혜대상자에게 기회균등을 보장할 수 있을지에 대한 방안을 찾기 위해서, 현재 시행하고 있는 소수민족 대학입시 우대정책을 교육 평등 및 교육기회균등의 관점에서 문제점을 분석하였고, 이러한 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 소수민족 대학입시 교육관련 법률 제정, 소수민족 교육전반에 걸친 우대정책 제정의 필요성을 제기하고, 소수민족 지역특징에 맞는 차별화된 우대정책 구축, 교육기회균등을 위한 중앙정부의 감독ㆍ관리시스템 구축을 제안하고 있다. With the special situation of China as it is a multi-ethnic state, the government has implement various preferential policies for minority races to adapt to the society and establish harmonious social integration and one of such policies would be the affirmative action in the university entrance system. Currently, the Chinese government implements the affirmative action in the university entrance system, such as granting of additional score for the university entrance, moderation of entrance requirements and so forth, for the minority races in the economically deteriorated regions, but there are issues of reliability for the policy, fairness in screening process and so forth that there are issues yet to be solved. If so, in order to find out the clues on how to obtain the reliability on the preferential policy as in the position of the policy users and how the equal opportunity is guaranteed to the beneficiaries under the affirmative action in the university entrance system for the minority races after analyzing the policy with the point of view of education equality and equal opportunity in education, and then, it presents the need to enact laws related to the university entrance education for minority races, and establish the preferential policy through overall education of minority races to supplement the foregoing issues. And it proposes to structure the differentiated preferential policies as appropriate to the local characteristics of minority races and structure the supervisory and management system of the central government for equal opportunity in education.

Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the XRCC1 Gene and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer in Chinese Men

Zhou, Yun-Feng,Zhang, Guang-Bo,Qu, Ping,Zhou, Jian,Pan, Hui-Xin,Hou, Jian-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Background: Prostate cancer (Pca) is one of the most common complex and polygenic diseases in men. The X-ray repair complementing group 1 gene (XRCC1) is an important candidate in the pathogenesis of Pca. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene and susceptibility to Pca. Materials and Methods: XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and associations with susceptibility to Pca were investigated in 193 prostate patients and 188 cancer-free Chinese men. Results: The c.910A>G variant in the exon9 of XRCC1 gene could be detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods. Significantly increased susceptibility to prostate cancer was noted in the homozygote comparison (GG versus AA: OR=2.95, 95% CI 1.46-5.42, ${\chi}^2$=12.36, P=0.001), heterozygote comparison (AG versus AA: OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.12-2.51, ${\chi}^2$=4.04, P=0.045), dominant model (GG/AG versus AA: OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.19-2.97, ${\chi}^2$=9.12, P=0.003), recessive model (GG versus AG+AA: OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.33-4.06, ${\chi}^2$=8.86, P=0.003) and with allele contrast (G versus A: OR=1.89, 95% CI 1.56-2.42, ${\chi}^2$=14.67, P<0.000). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the c.910A>G polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene is associated with susceptibility to Pca in Chinese men, the G-allele conferring higher risk.

Nano La2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis by transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil

Quan Zhou,Song Yang,Heng Zhang,Fei Chang,Hu Li,Hu Pan,Wei Xue,De-Yu Hu 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.31 No.-

A comparative study on the activity of La2O3 and two kinds of nano La2O3 catalysts prepared usingsonochemical (nano La2O3-S) and hydrothermal methods in the transesterification to produce biodieselwas conducted. The relatively high activity of nano La2O3 catalysts may be ascribed to their high basestrength, large base amount, small particle size and large BET surface areas. Nano La2O3-S was selectedfor further optimisation due to its simple preparation procedure and short preparation time. The FAMEcontent and yield obtained were successively 97.6% and 90.3% under optimal conditions. Moreover, nanoLa2O3-S showed a remarkable tolerance to FFA.

Follow-Up of 58 Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas after Endovascular Detachable-Balloon Embolization at a Single Center

Xiao-Quan Xu,Sheng Liu,Qing-Quan Zu,Lin-Bo Zhao,Jin-Guo Xia,Chun-Gao Zhou,Wei-Zhong Zhou,Hai-Bin Shi 대한신경과학회 2013 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.9 No.2

Background and Purpose This study evaluated the clinical value of detachable-balloon embolization for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF), focusing on the frequency, risk factors, and retreatment of recurrence. Methods Fifty-eight patients with TCCF underwent transarterial detachable-balloon embolization between October 2004 and March 2011. The clinical follow-up was performed every 3months until up to 3 years postprocedure. Each patient was placed in either the recurrence group or the nonrecurrence group according to whether a recurrence developed after the first procedure. The relevant factors including gender, fistula location, interval between trauma and the interventional procedure, blood flow in the carotid-cavernous fistula, number of balloons, and whether the internal carotid artery (ICA) was sacrificed were evaluated. Results All 58 TCCFs were successfully treated with transarterial balloon embolization, including 7 patients with ICA sacrifice. Recurrent fistulas occurred in seven patients during the follow-up period. Univariate analysis indicated that the interval between trauma and the interventional procedure (p=0.006) might be the main factor related to the recurrence of TCCF. The second treatments involved ICA sacrifice in two patients, fistula embolization with balloons in four patients, and placement of a covered stent in one patient. Conclusions Detachable balloons can still serve as the first-line treatment for TCCFs and recurrent TCCFs despite having a nonnegligible recurrence rate. Shortening the interval between trauma and the interventional procedure may reduce the risk of recurrence.

Catalytic conversion of fructose into furans using FeCl3 as catalyst

Xuanmu Zhou,Zehui Zhang,Bing Liu,Quan Zhou,Shuguo Wang,Kejian Deng 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.2

Conversion of fructose into furan derivates 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural(EMF) was performed in ethanol-[Bmim]Cl solvent systems, catalyzed by FeCl3. HMF was obtained in ahigh yield of 90.8% for 4 h at 100℃ in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The ratio of[Bmim]Cl to ethanol showed a remarkable effect on the yields of HMF and EMF. The maximum EMF yieldof 30.1% was obtained in a mixed solvent of [Bmim]Cl (0.5 g) and ethanol (4.5 g). On the meanwhile, HMFwas obtained in a yield of 60.3%.

Research on detecting moving targets with an improved Kalman filter algorithm

Jia quan Zhou,Wei Wei 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.9

As science and technology evolve, object detection of moving objects has been widely used in the context of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Traditional moving object detection algorithms, however, are characterized by relatively poor real-time performance and low accuracy in detecting moving objects. To tackle this issue, this manuscript proposes a modified Kalman filter algorithm, which aims to expand the equations of the system with the Taylor series first, ignoring the higher order terms of the second order and above, when the nonlinear system is close to the linear form, then it uses standard Kalman filter algorithms to measure the situation of the system. which can not only detect moving objects accurately but also has better real-time performance and can be employed to predict the trajectory of moving objects. Meanwhile, the accuracy and real-time performance of the algorithm were experimentally verified.

One simple, rapid and economical method for ploidy detection of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae)

Liu Quan-quan,Zhang Chen,Zhou Jin-cheng,Dong Qian-jin,Huo Liang-xiao,Dong Hui 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2

Ploidy diversity provides valuable scientific information, thus making the detection technique of ploidy important. However, traditional methods of cytological observation and flow cytometry are either laborious or expensive. We here report a simple and rapid, effective and economical quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach to determine the ploidy of a parasitoid species Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, an economically important biocontrol agent. We applied a mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase (COI) and a nuclear gene forkhead to evaluate the mitochondrial number per nuclear copy in a thelytokous Wolbachia-infected strain of T. dendrolimi and its bisexual uninfected counterparts. The 2 −ΔCq values calculated from C q values which resulted from qPCR experiments were significantly larger in haploid males than that in diploid females. Haploid males possessed about 2.69 times mitochondrial number per nuclear copy as diploid females. Not a single significant difference was found between diploid females from thelytokous and bisexual strains. Based on the differences in relative mitochondrial content, we were allowed to distinguish between haploid males and diploid females. Moreover, the number of mitochondria significantly decreased with higher ploidy level but was not affected by Wolbachiainfection. Our study supplied an available tool to investigate the ploidy diversity in sex determination of T. dendrolimi and thelytokous manipulation of Wolbachia, which is the crucial step to further study their underlying mechanisms. This will in turn contribute to the biocontrol efficiency by enhancing the female production and hence the parasitism rate.

Engineering Characteristics and Reinforcement Program of Inclined Pre−stressed Concrete Pipe Piles

De-quan Zhou,Chen-xi Feng 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.9

When it comes to the deep soft soil foundation, improper construction, preloading, and excavation may result in the inclination of the pre−stressed concrete pipe (PCP) piles. Lack of understanding on deformation characteristics may lead to inaccurate reinforcement plan, thereby causing new engineering accidents. This study analyzes an engineering accident induced by the pile inclination, based on which the finite element method model is built. Deformation characteristics of the foundation incorporating inclined PCP piles are investigated, and the reinforcement program involving placement of the pile with opposite inclination is proposed and compared with the conventional reinforcement program using vertical piles. Findings of this study are two−folds: 1) A critical inclination angle affecting the vertical settlement exists, below which the pile inclination has limited effects upon the vertical load bearing capacity of the foundation. 2) The vertical subsidence, the lateral displacement and the bending moment of the reinforcement program based on the reversely inclined pile are all decreased, which helps bear the overburden load and improve stability. In the process of engineering accident treatment, the bearing capacity of PCP piles with small inclination angles can be first reduced according to their inclination angles, followed by judgement that whether these PCP piles meet the requirements on bearing capacity. The PCP piles with large inclination angles must be strengthened, and the reverse inclined PCP piles are recommended.

Comparative Phylogenetic Relationships and Genetic Structure of the Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Its Host Insects Inferred from Multiple Gene Sequences

Qing-Mei Quan,Qing-Xia Wang,Xue-Li Zhou,Shan Li,Xiao-Ling Yang,Yun-Guo Zhu,Zhou Cheng 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.2

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota: Ophiocordycipitaceae)is a native fungal parasite of Hepialidae caterpillars and oneof the most economically important medicinal caterpillarfungi in China. However, little is known about the phylogeneticand evolutionary relationships between O. sinensis andits host insects. In this study, nuclear ITS and β-tubulin sequencesfrom O. sinensis and mitochondrial COI, COII, andCytb sequences from its hosts were analyzed across 33 populationssampled from five regions in China. Phylogenetically,both O. sinensis and its hosts were divided into three geographicallycorrelated clades, and their phylogenies were congruent. Analysis of molecular variance and calculated coefficientsof genetic differentiation revealed significant geneticdivergence among the clades within both O. sinensis (FST=0.878, NST=0.842) and its hosts (FST=0.861, NST=0.816). Estimatedgene flow was very low for O. sinensis (Nm=0.04) andthe host insects (Nm=0.04) among these three clades. Manteltests demonstrated a significant correlation (P<0.01) betweenthe genetic distances for O. sinensis and its hosts, as well as asignificant association (P<0.05) between geographic and geneticdistances in both. The similar phylogenetic relationships,geographic distributions, and genetic structure and differentiationbetween O. sinensis and its hosts imply that they have coevolved.

중국 온라인 쇼핑에서의 제3자 결제의 문제점과 해결방안에 관한 연구

주신전(Xin Quan Zhou)최석범(Seok Beom Choi) 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2013 전자무역연구 Vol.11 No.3

중국의 온라인 쇼핑 시장이 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 중국경제의 중요한 부분이 되고 있다. 온라인 쇼핑의 비대면 거래 특성 때문에 중국의 온라인 쇼핑은 안전한 결제시스템이 잘 구비되어야 한다. 이에 부응하여 도입된 제3자 결제는 구매자와 판매자 사이에서 안전한 결제서비스를 제공하는 방식으로 온라인 쇼핑 발전에 기여하고 있다는 평가를 받고 있다. 그러나 제3자 결제는 새로운 결제 방식으로써 여전히 많은 문제점이 산적해있어 해결방안에 관한 연구가 매우 중요한 의미를 가진다. 따라서 본 논문은 관련 연구의 검토를 바탕으로 중국 온라인 쇼핑에서의 제3자 결제 방식의 시장규모, 발전 현황, 대표적인 업체의 사례를 살펴보고 중국 제3자 결제의 문제점을 찾아내고 해결방안을 제시하는데 연구목적이 있다. China's online shopping market continues to increase and play an important role in Chinese economy. Due to the nature of the non-face-to-face transactions, China's online shopping market must be equipped with a secure payment system. In this respect, the third-party payment introduced in China online shopping context is evaluated that contributes to the development of online shopping by providing the secure payment service between the buyer and the seller. However, it is used as a new payment mode there are many problems in the third-party payment. So, the study of the solutions has great significance. Based on a review of previous research, this paper examines the problems of the third party payment in China online shopping and their solutions through analysing market size, present state and case study of leading companies in this market.