http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
TiO₂/UV공정을 이용한 수중 MTBE의 광분해 특성
류성필,김성수,오윤근 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.3
The objective of this study is to delineate removal efficiency of the MTBE in solution by TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation as a function of the following different experimental conditions : Initial concentration of MTBE, air flow rate in solution, H₂O₂ dosage and pH of the solution. Photodegradation rate was increased with decreasing initial concentration of MTBE. The removal efficiency was 82% after 180 min in the case of MTBE concentration of 100 mg/L but 100% after 180 min in the case of 20 mg/L. Removal efficiency was increased with increasing pH, H₂O₂ dosage and air flow rate in solution.
Kim, Jihye,Chang, Dong-Yeop,Lee, Hyun Woong,Lee, Hoyoung,Kim, Jong Hoon,Sung, Pil Soo,Kim, Kyung Hwan,Hong, Seon-Hui,Kang, Wonseok,Lee, Jino,Shin, So Youn,Yu, Hee Tae,You, Sooseong,Choi, Yoon Seok,Oh, Elsevier 2018 Immunity Vol.48 No.1
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Acute hepatitis A (AHA) involves severe CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cell-mediated liver injury. Here we showed during AHA, CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells specific to unrelated viruses became activated. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)-infected cells produced IL-15 that induced T cell receptor (TCR)-independent activation of memory CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. TCR-independent activation of non-HAV-specific CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells were detected in patients, as indicated by NKG2D upregulation, a marker of TCR-independent T cell activation by IL-15. CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells derived from AHA patients exerted innate-like cytotoxicity triggered by activating receptors NKG2D and NKp30 without TCR engagement. We demonstrated that the severity of liver injury in AHA patients correlated with the activation of HAV-unrelated virus-specific CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and the innate-like cytolytic activity of CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells, but not the activation of HAV-specific T cells. Thus, host injury in AHA is associated with innate-like cytotoxicity of bystander-activated CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells, a result with implications for acute viral diseases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> During acute hepatitis A (AHA), non-HAV-specific memory CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells are activated </LI> <LI> Non-HAV-specific CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells are activated by IL-15 produced by HAV-infected cells </LI> <LI> CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells of AHA patients exert TCR-independent, innate-like cytotoxicity </LI> <LI> Innate-like cytotoxicity of CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells is associated with liver injury in AHA </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Electron Crystallography of CaMoO<sub>4</sub> Using High Voltage Electron Microscopy
Kim, Jin-Gyu,Choi, Joo-Hyoung,Jeong, Jong-Man,Kim, Young-Min,Suh, Il-Hwan,Kim, Jong-Pil,Kim, Youn-Joong Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.3
The three-dimensional structure of an inorganic crystal, CaMoO4 (space group I 41/a, a = 5.198(69) A and c = 11.458(41) A), was determined by electron crystallography utilizing a high voltage electron microscope. An initial structure of CaMoO4 was determined with 3-D electron diffraction patterns. This structure was refined by crystallographic image processing of high resolution TEM images. X-ray crystallography of the same material was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the TEM structure determination. The cell parameters of CaMoO4 determined by electron crystallography coincide with the X-ray crystallography result to within 0.033-0.040 A, while the atomic coordinates were determined to within 0.072 A.
Kim, Tae-Hoon,Yang, Pil-Sung,Kim, Daehoon,Yu, Hee Tae,Uhm, Jae-Sun,Kim, Jong-Youn,Pak, Hui-Nam,Lee, Moon-Hyoung,Joung, Boyoung,Lip, Gregory Y.H. American Heart Association 2017 Stroke Vol. No.
<P>Conclusions-The CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score shows good performance in defining truly low-risk Asian patients with atrial fibrillation for stroke compared with CHADS(2) and ATRIA scores.</P>
Ideal Blood Pressure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Kim, Daehoon,Yang, Pil-Sung,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Jang, Eunsun,Shin, Hyejung,Kim, Ha Yan,Yu, Hee Tae,Uhm, Jae-Sun,Kim, Jong-Youn,Pak, Hui-Nam,Lee, Moon-Hyoung,Joung, Boyoung,Lip, Gregory Y.H. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - Vol.72 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline for High Blood Pressure in Adults redefined hypertension as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg. The optimal BP for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain.</P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and to determine the ideal BP threshold for the management of high BP in patients with AF.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This study analyzed data for 298,374 Korean adults with oral anticoagulant–naive, nonvalvular AF obtained from the National Health Insurance Service database from 2005 to 2015.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>According to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guideline, 62.2% of the individuals in our sample had hypertension. After applying the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, 79.4% had hypertension, including 17.2% with newly redefined hypertension (130 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg). Those with newly redefined hypertension had greater risks of major cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.10; p < 0.001), ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and heart failure admission, compared with nonhypertensive patients (<130/80 mm Hg). Among patients with AF undergoing hypertension treatment, patients with BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or <120/80 mm Hg were at significantly higher risks of major cardiovascular events than patients with BP of 120 to 129/<80 mm Hg.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Patients with AF and newly redefined hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline were at higher risk of major cardiovascular events, suggesting that the new BP threshold is beneficial for timely diagnosis and intervention. BP of 120 to 129/<80 mm Hg was the optimal BP treatment target for patients with AF undergoing hypertension treatment.</P> <P><B>Central Illustration</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Youn Hee Cho ),( Bong Min Ko ),( Shin Hee Kim ),( Yu Sik Myung ),( Jong Hyo Choi ),( Jae Pil Han ),( Su Jin Hong ),( Seong Ran Jeon ),( Hyun Gun Kim ),( Jin Oh Kim ),( Moon Sung Lee ) 대한장연구학회 2014 Intestinal Research Vol.12 No.2
Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from colonic adenomas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associatedwith a higher risk of CRC and metformin decreases CRC risk. However, it is not certain if metformin affects the developmentof colorectal polyps and adenomas. This study aimed to elucidate if metforminaffects the incidence of colonic polyps and adenomasin patients with type 2 DM. Methods: Of 12,186 patients with type 2 DM, 3,775 underwent colonoscopy between May2001 and March 2013. This study enrolled 3,105 of these patients, and divided them in two groups: 912 patients with metforminuse and 2,193 patients without metformin use. Patient clinical characteristics, polyp and adenoma detection rate in the twogroups were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The Colorectal polyp detection rate was lower in the metformin group than inthe non-meformin group (39.4% vs. 62.4%, P <0.01). Colorectal adenoma detection rate was significantly lower in the metformingroup than in the non-metformin group (15.2% vs. 20.5%, P <0.01). Fewer advanced adenomas were detected in the metformingroup than in the non-metformin group (12.2% vs. 22%, P <0.01). Multivariate analysis identified age, sex, Body mass index andmetformin use as factors associated with polyp incidence, whereas only metforminwas independently associated with decreasedadenoma incidence (Odd ratio=0.738, 95% CI=0.554-0.983, P =0.03). Conclusions: In patients with type 2 DM, metforminreduced the incidence of adenomas that may transform into CRC. Therefore, metformin may be useful for the preventionof CRC in patients with type 2 DM. (Intest Res 2014;12:139-145)
Kim, Yoon Seong,Choi, Dong Hee,Block, Michelle L.,Lorenzl, Stefan,Yang, Lichuan,Kim, Youn Jung,Sugama, Shuei,Cho, Byung Pil,Hwang, Onyou,Browne, Susan E.,Kim, Soo Yul,Hong, Jau‐,Shyong,Flint Bea Federation of American Society for Experimental Bi 2007 The FASEB Journal Vol.21 No.1
<P>Recent studies have demonstrated that activated microglia play an important role in dopamine (DA) neuronal degeneration in Parkinson disease (PD) by generating NADPH-oxidase (NADPHO)-derived superoxide. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie microglial activation in DA cell death are still disputed. We report here that matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was newly induced and activated in stressed DA cells, and the active form of MMP-3 (actMMP-3) was released into the medium. The released actMMP-3, as well as catalytically active recombinant MMP-3 (cMMP-3) led to microglial activation and superoxide generation in microglia and enhanced DA cell death. cMMP-3 caused DA cell death in mesencephalic neuron-glia mixed culture of wild-type (WT) mice, but this was attenuated in the culture of NADPHO subunit null mice (gp91(phox-/-)), suggesting that NADPHO mediated the cMMP-3-induced microglial production of superoxide and DA cell death. Furthermore, in the N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-injected animal model of PD, nigrostriatal DA neuronal degeneration, microglial activation, and superoxide generation were largely attenuated in MMP-3-/- mice. These results indicate that actMMP-3 released from stressed DA neurons is responsible for microglial activation and generation of NADPHO-derived superoxide and eventually enhances nigrostriatal DA neuronal degeneration. Our results could lead to a novel therapeutic approach to PD.</P>
Effect of ZnO:Cs <sub>2</sub> CO <sub>3</sub> on the performance of organic photovoltaics
Kim, Hyeong Pil,Yusoff, Abd Rashid bin Mohd,Lee, Hee Jae,Lee, Seung Joo,Kim, Hyo Min,Seo, Gi Jun,Youn, Jun Ho,Jang, Jin Springer 2014 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.9 No.1
<P>We demonstrate a new solution-processed electron transport layer (ETL), zinc oxide doped with cesium carbonate (ZnO:Cs<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>), for achieving organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with good operational stability at ambient air. An OPV employing the ZnO:Cs<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> ETL exhibits a fill factor of 62%, an open circuit voltage of 0.90 V, and a short circuit current density of −6.14 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> along with 3.43% power conversion efficiency. The device demonstrated air stability for a period over 4 weeks. In addition, we also studied the device structure dependence on the performance of organic photovoltaics. Thus, we conclude that ZnO:Cs<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> ETL could be employed in a suitable architecture to achieve high-performance OPV.</P>