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Fernando, I.P. Shanura,Jayawardena, Thilina U.,Sanjeewa, K.K. Asanka,Wang, Lei,Jeon, You-Jin,Lee, Won Woo Elsevier 2018 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.160 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The airborne particulate pollutants originating in the deserts of Mongolia and China which becomes contaminated with industrial effluents and traffic emissions while moving with the wind currents towards East Asia has recently become a serious environmental and health issue in the region. They cause asthma, collateral lung tissue damage, oxidative stress, allergic reactions, and inflammation. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of alginate extracted from the invasive alga <I>Sargassum horneri</I> (SHA) against fine dust collected from Beijing, China (Chinese fine dust; CFD). It was found that CFD induces inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes and inhibits macrophage activation. All of the particulate matter (PM) comprising CFD was < PM13 majority being < PM2.5 which is defined for mineral elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. SHA attenuated PGE<SUB>2</SUB> levels in CFD-induced HaCaT keratinocytes. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> for SHA was 36.63 ± 4.11 µg mL<SUP>-l</SUP>. SHA also reduced the levels of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, and inhibited certain key molecular mediators of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in keratinocytes. SHA substantially reduced the levels of CFD-derived metal ions like Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> in keratinocytes attributable to its metal ion chelating properties. CFD-induced HaCaT keratinocyte culture media increased inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These cells presented with increased levels of NO, iNOS, COX-2, PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. It was found that the aforementioned effects could be reversed in RAW 264.7 macrophages when keratinocytes were treated with SHA. Therefore, SHA could be used against fine dust-induced inflammation in keratinocytes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Beijing, China urban fine dust increase keratinocytes and macrophages inflammation. </LI> <LI> Fine dust contains metal ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. </LI> <LI> Alginate from <I>Sargassum horneri</I> ameliorates the inflammatory effects. </LI> <LI> Alginate chelate metal ions and reduce inflammatory mediators and cytokines. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa ),( Jae-young Oh ),( I. P. S. Fernando ),( Wonwoo Lee ),( Seo-yong Kim ),( Lei Wang ),( You-jin Jeon ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2016 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.21 No.4
In the present study, authors evaluate the anticancer effects of eight crude extracts from 70% ethanol extracts of soft corals collected around Jeju Island, South Korea. According to the cytotoxicity results, extracts are not cytotoxic to Vero cells at the highest tested concentration (100 μg/mL), which indicates that they are not cytotoxic to the normal cells. However, one of the tested extracts, Dendronephthya gigantea (DGI) extract, significantly reduced the viability of human leukemia cell line (HL-60) with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 84.43 μg/mL. In addition, Hoechst 33342 cell permeable dye used to visualize the apoptotic nuclei in DGItreated HL-60 cells. These results suggest that DGI has the potential to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells without altering viability of normal Vero cells. In conclusion, DGI might have the great potential to be developed into an anticancer drug in the future.
( K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa ),( Young-jin Park ),( I. P. Shanura Fernando ),( Yong-seok Ann ),( Chang-ik Ko ),( Lei Wang ),( You-jin Jeon ),( Wonwoo Lee ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.3
In the present study, we first evaluated the melanin inhibitory effect of four crude 70% ethanol extracts separated from soft corals abundantly growing along the seawaters of Jeju Island, South Korea, including Dendronephthya castanea (DC), Dendronephthya gigantea (DG), Dendronephthya puetteri (DP), and Dendronephthya spinulosa (DS). Among the four ethanol extracts, the ethanol extract of DP (DPE) did not possess any cytotoxic effect on B16F10 cells. However, all other three extracts showed a cytotoxic effect. Also, DPE reduced the melanin content and the cellular tyrosinase activity without cytotoxicity, compared to the α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Specifically, DPE downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by activating the ERK signaling cascade in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Interestingly, the melanin inhibitory effect of DPE was abolished by the co-treatment of PD98059, an ERK inhibitor. According to these results, we suggest that DPE has whitening capacity with the melanin inhibitory effects by activating ERK signaling and could be used as a potential natural melanin inhibitor for cosmeceutical products.
Sawtooth-triggered limit-cycle oscillations and I-phase in the HL-2A tokamak
Zhao, K.J.,Cheng, J.,Diamond, P.H.,Dong, J.Q.,Yan, L.W.,Hong, W.Y.,Xu, M.,Tynan, G.,Miki, K.,Huang, Z.H.,Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Fujisawa, A.,Nagashima, Y.,Inagaki, S.,Wang, Z.X.,Wei, L.,Song, X.M.,Lei, IOP Publishing 2013 Nuclear fusion. Fusion nucléaire. &n.Illiga Vol.53 No.12
Sanjeewa, K. K. Asanka,Park, Young-jin,Fernando, I. P. Shanura,Ann, Yong-Seok,Ko, Chang-Ik,Wang, Lei,Jeon, You-Jin,Lee, WonWoo The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.9
In the present study, we first evaluated the melanin inhibitory effect of four crude 70% ethanol extracts separated from soft corals abundantly growing along the seawaters of Jeju Island, South Korea, including Dendronephthya castanea (DC), Dendronephthya gigantea (DG), Dendronephthya puetteri (DP), and Dendronephthya spinulosa (DS). Among the four ethanol extracts, the ethanol extract of DP (DPE) did not possess any cytotoxic effect on B16F10 cells. However, all other three extracts showed a cytotoxic effect. Also, DPE reduced the melanin content and the cellular tyrosinase activity without cytotoxicity, compared to the ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Specifically, DPE downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor by activating the ERK signaling cascade in ${\alpha}-MSH$-stimulated B16F10 cells. Interestingly, the melanin inhibitory effect of DPE was abolished by the co-treatment of PD98059, an ERK inhibitor. According to these results, we suggest that DPE has whitening capacity with the melanin inhibitory effects by activating ERK signaling and could be used as a potential natural melanin inhibitor for cosmeceutical products.
Soft Corals Collected from Jeju Island; a Potential Source of Anti-inflammatory Phytochemicals
( Lei Wang ),( Jae Young Oh ),( I. P. Shanura Fernando ),( K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa ),( Eun-a Kim ),( Wonwoo Lee ),( You-jin Jeon ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2016 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Soft corals are a remarkable group of marine organisms, containing diverse array of secondary metabolites with biofunctional properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential theraputic properties of the ethanol extracts of soft coral collected from the Jeju Island against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophage inflammation. The ethanol extracts of the soft corals Dendronephthya gigantea, Dendronephthya puetteri, Dendronephthya aurea, Scleronephthya gracillimum, and Chromonephthea hirotai exhibited more significantly inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) generation stimulated by LPS in macrophages compared to the others. Moreover, these extracts significantly decrease the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>). Moreover, they also suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) could be observed. With further investigation, these soft corals could potentially provide the insight to develop anti-inflammatory compounds with clinical applications.
Ablation of irradiated metals by high-intensity pulsed ion beam
X. P. Zhu,M. K. Lei,S. M. Miao,T. C. Ma,Z. H. Dong 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III
Surface morphology and roughness of pure Ti irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) have been investigated by using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and profilometer, respectively. The HIPIB irradiation was carried out at an accelerating voltage of 220 kV, an ion current density of \symbol{126}250 A/cm$^2$ with 75 ns pulse width under single or multi shots. Craters were formed on the irradiated surfaces and their dimension was expanded with increasing the ion current density. At $<$90 A/cm$% ^2 $, small craters of $\mu $m size were observed on the weakly melted surface. At 90-120 A/cm$^2$, large craters about 10 $\mu $m were found on the obviously melted surface. At 120-250 A/cm$^2$, the surface was severely melted with craters and the size of the craters increased to 20-80 $\mu $m with a wavy feature. At 250 A/cm$^2$ with 1 shot, surface roughness (\textit{% R}$_{\mathit{a}}$) greatly increased to a maximal value of 0.43 $\mu $m from the initial \textit{R}$_{\mathit{a}}$ of 0.18 $\mu $m, in good agreement with the SEM observation. With further increasing the shot number, the \textit{R}$_{\mathit{a}}$ decreased continuously and finally reached 0.06 $% \mu $m with 30 shots, indicating a planar ablated surface. The micro non-uniformity on the surfaces induced a selective ablation under HIPIB irradiation. The locally liquid evaporation and droplet ejection led to a disturbance in the molten surface layer to different scales depending on the ion current densities. On the other hand, the micro non-uniformity disappeared gradually under multi-shot irradiation, resulting in a more uniform ablation due to the diminished selective ablation.
Using Frequency Domain Reflectometry for Rapidly Measurement of Peanut Moisture Content
( C. J. Hsu ),( C. C. Hsu ),( H. K. Lee ),( T. M. Chen ),( P. K. Lei ),( Y. C. Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
In order to achieve rapidly measurement of peanut moisture content, the Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) system was designed and develop by combining a dual-probe frequency domain reflectometer and Latte Panda. For the peanut moisture content FDR measurement, the calibration curve is necessary to define at first. The peanut samples (Tainan No.9 and Tainan No.18) are separate into pods and kernels and pulverized into granule shape for the measurement. The samples are baked in the oven at 130°C for 6 hours for removing the water content and defined it as 0% moisture content. Then the different weights of water have been added into samples for making different moisture content peanuts. The different dielectric constant measured by FDR sensor system is corresponded as the different moisture content. The calibration curve can be obtained from the relationship between the different moisture content peanut samples and the corresponding dielectric constant. During the FDR measurement, 32 N/㎡ applying force to the sample is necessary for eliminating the air gap. Furthermore, different methods for measuring the peanut moisture content were carried out in the factory with the drying machine. The comparison and results of different measure methods during the drying process at factory has been completed. The result shows that different measuring method have the same peanut moisture content trend. In addition, another method for obtaining the calibration curve was carried out in this work. The peanuts were baked to different moisture content and measured the corresponding dielectric constant. The calibration curves of peanut’s pods and kernels and the accuracy test has been defined. The both correlation coefficients of the testing samples are more than 0.97. It proves that this proposal FDR system have high accuracy and is enable to rapidly measure from 5% to 60% moisture content of peanut.