Famine exposure in early life and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: findings from prospective studies in China

Ning Feng,Zhao Jing,Zhang Lei,Wang Weijing,Sun Xiaohui,Song Xin,Zhang Yanlei,Xin Hualei,Gao Weiguo,Gao Ruqin,Zhang Dongfeng,Pang Zengchang 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between famine exposure in early life and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the 1959–1961 Chinese Famine. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35–74 years free of diabetes from two studies in 2006 and 2009 were followed up prospectively in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Famine exposure was classified as unexposed (individuals born in 1962–1978), fetal exposed (individuals born in 1959–1961), child exposed (individuals born in 1949–1958), and adolescent/adult exposed (born in 1931–1948). A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between famine exposure and diabetes after adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS: During a three-year follow-up, the age-adjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 5.7%, 14.5%, 12.7%, and 17.8% in unexposed, fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Relative to the unexposed group, the relative risks (95% confidence inter val) for diabetes were 2.15 (1.29–3.60), 1.53 (0.93– 2.51), and 1.65 (0.75–3.63) in the fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, after controlling for potential covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education level, and family histor y of diabetes were not obser ved, except for the urbanization type. Individuals living in rural areas with fetal and childhood famine exposure were at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with relative risks of 8.79 (1.82–42.54) and 2.33 (1.17–4.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Early identification and inter vention may help prevent diabetes in later life.

Construction of a Ginsenoside Content-predicting Model based on Hyperspectral Imaging

Ning, Xiao Feng,Gong, Yuan Juan,Chen, Yong Liang,Li, Hongbo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to construct a saponin content-predicting model using shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy. Methods: The experiment used a shortwave imaging spectrometer and ENVI spectral acquisition software sampling a spectrum of 910 nm-2500 nm. The corresponding preprocessing and mathematical modeling analysis was performed by Unscrambler 9.7 software to establish a ginsenoside nondestructive spectral testing prediction model. Results: The optimal preprocessing method was determined to be a standard normal variable transformation combined with the second-order differential method. The coefficient of determination, $R^2$, of the mathematical model established by the partial least squares method was found to be 0.9999, while the root mean squared error of prediction, RMSEP, was found to be 0.0043, and root mean squared error of calibration, RMSEC, was 0.0041. The residuals of the majority of the samples used for the prediction were between ${\pm}1$. Conclusion: The experiment showed that the predicted model featured a high correlation with real values and a good prediction result, such that this technique can be appropriately applied for the nondestructive testing of ginseng quality.

Study on the Geometrical Properties of Brown Rice on Shape Factors

Ning, Xiao Feng,Kang, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Oui-Woung,Han, Chung-Su Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the optimal sorting factors in establishing an efficient sorting technology for brown rice. Methods: The brown rice varieties used in this study were Il Pum, Chu Cheong, Dong Jin, Un Gwang, Nam Pyeong, and Dae An. These were classified into whole grain, unriped grain, and green dead rice. The shape factors were analyzed based on length, width and thickness of the grains. Results: The results revealed that the maximum length among whole grain, unriped grain, and green dead rice was observed in Dae An variety while Chu Cheong variety showed the minimum. Further more, Il Pum brown rice showed the maximum width while Dong Jin variety showed the minimum. In the case of thickness, the maximum was observed in Un Gwang variety and that of the minimum among Nam Pyeong variety for both whole grain and unriped grain. Conclusions: The length and width can be used as determinants in sorting factors of whole grain and green dead rice, and the thickness can be considered as optimum sorting factor of whole grain and unriped grain.

Highly AC Voltage Fluctuation-Resistant LED Driver with Sinusoid-Like Reference

Ning Ning,Zhenxiao Tong,Dejun Yu,Shuangyi Wu,Wenbin Chen,Chunyi Feng 전력전자학회 2014 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.14 No.2

A novel converter-free AC LED driver that is highly resistant to the fluctuation of AC voltage is proposed in this study. By removing large passive components, such as the bulky capacitor and the large-value inductor, the integration of the driver circuit is enhanced while the driving current remains stable. The proposed circuit provides LED lamps with a driving current that can follow the sinusoid waveform to obtain a very high power factor (PF) and low total harmonic distortion (THD). The LED input current produced by this driving current is insensitive to fluctuations in the AC voltage. Users will thus not feel that LED lamps are flashing during the fluctuation. Experiment results indicate that the proposed system can obtain PF of 0.999 and THD as low as 3.3% for a five-string 6 W LED load under 220 V at 50 Hz.

Carbon-Ion-Implanted Nd, MgO-Codoped Near-Stoichiometric Lithium-Niobate Optical Waveguides

Ning-Ning Dong,Yang Tan,Yan-Xia Kong,Feng Chen,Hong-Ji Ma 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6

Nd, MgO codoped near stoichiometric lithium niobate (Nd:MgO:SLN) is a promising laser gain crystal for infrared laser generations. We report on, to our knowledge for the first time, the planar waveguide formation in Nd:MgO:SLN crystal by MeV carbon ion implantation at dose of 1014 ions/cm2. The guiding properties are investigated by using the well-known m-line technique and end-face arrangement. The refractive index profiles of the waveguides show a typical “well + barrier” distribution, which could confine the light propagation in a non-leaky way. In addition, a numerical simulation of the light propagation shows that the waveguide modal distributions are in good agreement with the experimental data, which means potential applications for the formation of designable devices in Nd:MgO:SLN by using carbon ion implantation. Nd, MgO codoped near stoichiometric lithium niobate (Nd:MgO:SLN) is a promising laser gain crystal for infrared laser generations. We report on, to our knowledge for the first time, the planar waveguide formation in Nd:MgO:SLN crystal by MeV carbon ion implantation at dose of 1014 ions/cm2. The guiding properties are investigated by using the well-known m-line technique and end-face arrangement. The refractive index profiles of the waveguides show a typical “well + barrier” distribution, which could confine the light propagation in a non-leaky way. In addition, a numerical simulation of the light propagation shows that the waveguide modal distributions are in good agreement with the experimental data, which means potential applications for the formation of designable devices in Nd:MgO:SLN by using carbon ion implantation.

Service load response prediction of reinforced concrete flexural members

Ning, Feng,Mickleborough, Neil C.,Chan, Chun-Man Techno-Press 2001 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.12 No.1

A reliable and accurate method has been developed to predict the flexural deformation response of structural concrete members subject to service load. The method that has been developed relates the extent of concrete cracking, measured as a function of the magnitude of applied moment in a member, to the reduction in the effective moment of inertia of cracked reinforced concrete members under service load conditions. The ratio of the area of the moment diagram where the moment exceeds the cracking moment, to the total area of the moment diagram for any loading, provides the basis for the calculation of the effective moment of inertia. This ratio also represents mathematically a probability of crack occurrence. Verification of this method for the determination of the effective moment of inertia has been achieved from an experimental test program, and has included beam tests with different loading configurations, and shear wall tests subjected to a range of vertical and lateral load levels. Further verification of this method has been made with reference to the experimental investigation of other recently published work.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Quantum Chemistry of a Novel Schiff Base N-(2,4-Dinitro-phenyl)-N'-(1-phenyl-ethylidene)-hydrazine

Ning-Ning Ji,Zhi-Qiang Shi,Ren-Gao Zhao,Ze-Bao Zheng,Zhi-Feng Li 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4

A novel Schiff base N-(2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-N'-(1-phenyl-ethylidene)-hydrazine has been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectra and UV-vis spectrum. The crystal belongs to monoclinic with space group P21/n. The molecules are connected via intermolecular O-H···O hydrogen bonds into 1D infinite chains. The crystal structure is consolidated by the intramolecular N-H···O hydrogen bonds. weak intermolecular C-H···O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into intriguing 3D framework. Furthermore, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structure, stabilities, orbital energies, composition characteristics of some frontier molecular orbitals and Mulliken charge distributions of the title compound were performed by means of Gaussian 03W package and taking B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis set. The time-dependent DFT calculations have been employed to calculate the electronic spectrum of the title compound, and the UV-vis spectra has been discussed on this basis. The results show that DFT method at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level can well reproduce the structure of the title compound.

Storage Characteristics of Low Temperature Grain Warehouse using Ambient Cold Air in Winter

Ning, Xiao Feng,Li, He,Kang, Tae-Hwan,Han, Chung-Su Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.3

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the storage and quality characteristics of brown rice under the low temperature warehouse conditions using ambient cold air in the winter. Methods: This new technique maintains rough rice warehouse temperature below $15^{\circ}C$ without cooling operation until the end of May. Four hundred tons of rough rice were stored in the low temperature grain warehouse, and were aerated from the top to the bottom using ambient cold air in February. The quality of rough rice was evaluated from February through October. Results: The results were as followings. Moisture contents of rough rice in the low temperature storage had decreased less than the ordinary temperature storage. Cracked rate of brown rice in the ordinary temperature storage and low temperature storage increased by 4~10.8% and 1.6~7.2%, respectively. The germination rate of rough rice under the ordinary and the low temperature warehouse decreased by 15.0~25.0% and 1.7~8.0%, respectively. The acid value of brown rice under the ordinary and the low temperature warehouse increased by 3.67~6.72 KOH mg/100g and 3.08~4.08 KOH mg/100g, respectively. Conclusions: The result indicates that low temperature storage using ambient winter air showed better maintaining germination of rice, less change of physiological activities and cracked kernel, and better maintaining of rice quality, comparing the ordinary temperature storage.

Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Protease-resistant Xylanase from Streptomyces fradiae var. K11

( Ning Li ),( Pei Long Yang ),( Ya Ru Wang ),( Hui Ying Luo ),( Kun Meng ),( Ning Feng Wu ),( Yun Liu Fan ),( Bin Yao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2008 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.18 No.3

Drying Characteristics and Models of Red Ginseng Slice Using Far-Infrared Rays

Ning Xiao Feng,Xu Ji Tong,장문기 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.4

Purpose The aim of this study was to improve the drying quality and find the suitable drying model for the far-infrared drying of red ginseng slice. Methods The far-infrared drying tests on ginseng slice were conducted at two slice thickness of 2 and 4 mm and three drying temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C. The results were compared with the hot air drying method. The drying characteristics were analyzed based on factors such as drying rate, color changes, and elastic modulus. The Page, modified Wang and Singh, and logarithmic models were used to select the best model for far-infrared drying of red ginseng slices. Results The results revealed that increasing drying temperature and decreasing ginseng thickness caused a decrease in drying time. The color differences (ΔE) at 70 °C values were higher than 50 and 60 °C values. The highest elastic modulus (32.42 MPa) was observed at drying temperatures of 60 °C ginseng slice of 4mm. The drying quality of far-infrared dryingwas better than that of hot air drying under the same drying condition. The Page model showed the highest R2 values and lowest RMSE values than the other models. Conclusion The quality of red ginseng slice can be improved by far-infrared drying. The Page model was the best model to fit adequately most of the drying conditions for the far-infrared drying of red ginseng slice.