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( Jiaofen Nan ),( Liangliang Zhang ),( Qiqiang Chen ),( Nannan Zong ),( Peiyong Zhang ),( Xing Ji ),( Shaohui Ma ),( Yuchen Zhang ),( Wei Huang ),( Zhongzhou Du ),( Yongquan Xia ),( Ming Zhang ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2018 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.24 No.1
Background/Aims The Rome III criteria separated chronic constipation into functional constipation (FC) and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), but some researchers questioned the partitioning and treated both as distinct parts of a continuum. The study aims to explore the similarity and diversity of brain white matter between FC and IBS-C. Methods The voxel-wise analysis of the diffusion parameters was used to quantify the white matter changes of female brains in 18 FC patients and 20 IBS-C patients compared with a comparison group with 19 healthy controls by tract-based spatial statistics. The correlations between diffusive parameters and clinical symptoms were evaluated using a Pearson’s correlation. Results In comparison to healthy controls, FC patients showed a decrease of fractional anisotropy (FA) and an increase of radial diffusivity (RD) in multiple major fibers encompassing the corpus callosum (CC, P = 0.001 at peak), external capsule (P = 0.002 at peak), corona radiata (CR, P = 0.001 at peak), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF, P = 0.002 at peak). In contrast, IBS-C patients showed FA and RD aberrations in the CC (P = 0.048 at peak). Moreover, the direct comparison between FC and IBS-C showed only RD differences in the CR and SLF. In addition, FA and RD in the CC were significantly associated with abdominal pain for all patients, whereas FA in CR (P = 0.016) and SLF (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with the length of time per attempt and incomplete evacuation separately for FC patients. Conclusion These results may improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying different types of constipation. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;24:107-118)
Nan Zhang,Guanghui Ge,He Xia,Xiaozhen Li 한국풍공학회 2015 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.21 No.3
A method for analyzing the coupled wind-vehicle-bridge system is proposed that also considers the shielding effect of the bridge tower with triangular wind barriers. The static wind load and the buffeting wind load for both the bridge and the vehicle are included. The shielding effects of the bridge tower and the triangular wind barriers are incorporated by taking the surface integral of the wind load. The inter-history iteration is adopted to solve the vehicle-bridge dynamic equations with time-varying external loads. The results show that after installing the triangular wind barriers in the area of the bridge tower, the bridge response and the vehicle safety factors change slightly. The peak value of the train car body acceleration is significantly reduced when the wind barrier size is increased.
Zhang Nan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.12
Most software reliability growth models (SRGMs) take software faults detected that may be removed immediately into consideration. In fact, it costs often considerable resources to identify the root causes of faults detected and to remove them. In additional, detection effort and correction effort have the great effect on software debugging process. The detection effort function and correction effort function are defined as resource expenditures spent on software debugging process, respectively. In this paper, we investigate software debugging process using the queue theory. We propose finite server queuing models with resource and change-point under imperfect debugging environment. A real software failure project is demonstrated the effectiveness of proposed models, and numerical results demonstrate that new models can provide better fit and prediction.
Mode Analysis of Cascaded Four-Conductor Lines Using Extended Mixed-Mode S-Parameters
Nan Zhang,Wansoo Nah 한국전자파학회JEES 2016 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.16 No.1
In this paper, based on the mode analysis of four-conductor lines, the extended mixed-mode chain-parameters and S-parameters of fourconductor lines are estimated using current division factors. The extended mixed-mode chain-parameters of cascaded four-conductor lines are then obtained with mode conversion. And, the extended mixed-mode S -parameters of cascaded four-conductor lines can be predicted from the transformation of the extended chain-parameters. Compared to the extended mixed-mode S-parameters of fourconductor lines, the cross-mode S-parameters are induced in the extended mixed-mode S -parameters of cascaded four-conductor lines, due to the imbalanced current division factors of cascaded two sections. The generated cross-mode S-parameters make the equivalent different- and common-mode conductors not independent from each other again. In addition, a new mode conversion, which applies the imbalanced current division factors, between the extended mixed-mode S-parameters and standard S-parameters is also proposed in this paper. Finally, the validity of the proposed extended mixed-mode S-parameters and mode conversion is confirmed by a comparison of the simulated and estimated results of shielded cable.
Optimizing DC Vaccination by Combination With Oncolytic Adenovirus Coexpressing IL-12 and GM-CSF
Zhang, Song-Nan,Choi, Il-Kyu,Huang, Jing-Hua,Yoo, Ji-Young,Choi, Kyung-Ju,Yun, Chae-Ok Nature Publishing Group 2011 MOLECULAR THERAPY Vol.19 No.8
<P>Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical trials have indicated that immunosuppressive microenvironments induced by tumors profoundly suppress antitumor immunity and inhibit vaccine efficacy, resulting in insufficient reduction of tumor burdens. To overcome these obstacles and enhance the efficiency of DC vaccination, we generated interleukin (IL)-12- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-coexpressing oncolytic adenovirus (Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF) as suitable therapeutic adjuvant to eliminate immune suppression and promote DC function. By treating tumors with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF prior to DC vaccination, DCs elicited greater antitumor effects than in response to either treatment alone. DC migration to draining lymph nodes (DLNs) dramatically increased in mice treated with the combination therapy. This result was associated with upregulation of CC-chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21<SUP>+</SUP>) lymphatics in tumors treated with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF. Moreover, the proportion of CD4<SUP>+</SUP>CD25<SUP>+</SUP> T-cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was decreased in mice treated with the combination therapy. Furthermore, combination therapy using immature DCs also showed effective antitumor effects when combined with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF. The combination therapy had a remarkable therapeutic efficacy on large tumors. Taken together, oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing IL-12 and GM-CSF in combination with DC vaccination has synergistic antitumor effects and can act as a potent adjuvant for promoting and optimizing DC vaccination.</P>
Experimental Study on Sedimentation and Consolidation of Soil Particles in Dredged Slurry
Nan Zhang,Wei Zhu,Hongtao He,Yiyan Lv 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.7
Sedimentation and consolidation of dredged slurry is very complex in practice. A new Multilayer Extraction Sampling (MES) method was developed in this study to better understand the underlying law of sedimentation and consolidation of soil particles in slurries. Comparing with previous methods, the advantages of this method include: (1) the equipment is easy to operate and the test procedures are simple; (2) the volume distribution and the settling velocity of soil particles can be measured and calculated by Volume Flux Function (VFF) approach at different time and heights during sedimentation and consolidation process; (3) soil formation from sedimentation of dredged slurry can be also further studied based on pore water pressure measurements in conjunction with the velocity and density distributions. The experimental results revealed that there were four different zones during sedimentation and consolidation process: water zone, hindered settling zone, consolidation zone and a new zone termed as “transition zone” where soil particles are in contact with each other but effective stress are not fully developed. It is concluded that the sedimentation and consolidation of soil particles in dredged slurry was studied successfully in a holistic manner using this new experimental method.
Nan Zhang,Jiafei Lyu,Peng Bai,Xianghai Guo 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.57 No.-
Boron isotopic separation was investigated experimentally and theoretically on boron-specific adsorbent, namely pyrocatechol-modified resin (CL-RESIN). The static adsorption results with initial boron concentration of 8.648 g L−1 at 25 °C were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Henry isotherm model, from which relevant parameters were used for subsequent isotopic separation simulation by Aspen Chromatograph. The maximum static boron isotopic separation factor with CL-RESIN was 1.13 at 25 °C, thus adsorption-based boron isotopic separation in a chromatographic column packing with CL-RESIN was further studied by experiments and simulations. 11B had greater affinity with CL-RESIN in concentrated boric acid solution with dynamic boron isotopic separation factor of 1.15 and enriched 10B was collected in effluent. Simulation of boron isotopic separation was completed, and simulated results were in good agreement with experimental breakthrough curves under the same conditions. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviors of boron isotopic separation were predicted by simulation under different operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine optimized operating conditions in a chromatographic column. Consequently, the optimized operating conditions were achieved with flow rate of 1.24 mL min−1, 44 cm column length, 0.46 cm column diameter and feed concentration of 8.648 g L−1.