조선 세종의 인사(人事) 실제 - 한어(漢語) 전문가 김하(金何)를 중심으로 -

김순남(Kim, Soon Nam) 역사실학회 2021 역사와실학 Vol.75 No.-

본 연구는 본 논문은 김하의 사례를 통해 세종이 구사한 인사 방식의 실제를 살피고자 하는 것이다. 김하는 조선 세종대 활약한 한어 전문가였다. 세종은 김하의 한어 능력을 높이 평가하여 재상도 장수도 아니며 이학을 교육하는 임무에 종사할 뿐인 그를 기복 했다. 김하는 강상죄로 얽을 수 있는 아버지 상중의 부적절한 처신으로 관료 생활 내내 대간의 비판에 직면했다. 그러나 세종은 국가의 중대사를 맡겨야 한다며 끝까지 임용했다. 김하는 종사관·서장관·정사로서 거의 20여 회 북경을 오고 갔다. 그때마다 세종의 뜻에 부합해 활약했다. 김하의 사례는 세종이 구사한 인사 방식의 일단을 보여 준다. 이를 통해 역량을 우선으로 하는 인사를 함으로써 국정 운영의 효율성을 높이고자 했음을 알 수 있다. Kim-Ha was an expert in Chinese, who worked for King Sejong(the period of reign:1418-1450). The Chinese language spoken by Kim-Ha was highly skilled and elegant, so no alternative could be found in Joseon at that time. King Sejong highly valued Kim-Ha"s Chinese language ability. So, when his father died in 1435 (the 17th year of King Sejong"s reign), King Sejong appointed him in a very short time (less than 100 days after his father’s death : 3 years funeral period for his deceased father was required at that time). Kim-Ha was not a general nor a prime minister, but only engaged in the mission of educating Chinese language. So his case was very unusual. Kim-Ha had faced public criticism throughout his bureaucratic career for his inappropriate actions. His behavior of committing adultery with a Gisaeng, Joseon geisha, during his father"s funeral could have been regarded as a crime of undutifulness. He breached the Joseon"s Human Ethics(Kang Sang, 綱常). Such acts were an unforgivable sin in the Confucian state of Joseon. King Sejong agonized between morality and ability. Finally King Sejong decided to punish him slightly. The name of the crime was not breaking undutifulness but breaking the order of concubine. King Sejong said that Kim-Ha should be in charge of important national missions. King Sejong believed that Kim-Ha"s ability in Chinese language would be helpful for diplomatic policies and relationship with Ming dynasty. In fact King Sejong sent him to Ming as an envoy whenever needed in the course of establishing a relationship between Joseon and Geonju Jurchen. Whenever he went to Beijing to deal with diplomatic matters, Kim-Ha translated well and met King Sejong"s will. The case of Kim-Ha shows some aspects of King Sejong"s personnel policy which he used to accomplish the nation"s important mission. King Sejong was able to increase the efficiency of state administration by utilizing personnel policy that prioritized capabilities. Thanks to this flexible way of personnel policy, it can be said that King Sejong"s era could be compared to so-called "Emperor Yo and Sun"s reign of peace".

대학생의 성격특성과 감성지능간의 관계

김남순,김은희 경상대학교 1999 學生生活硏究所報 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate relation between personality traits and emotional intelligence of university students. The main hypotheses tested were as follows : 1) There will be a significant correlation between personality traits and emotional intelligence. 2) There will be a significant difference in correlation between presonality traits and emotional intelligence according to distinction of sex. 3) There will be a significant multiple correlation between personality traits and emotional intelligence. There were selected 301 students; 122 of man and 179 of woman who attend university in Chinju. Tools used in this study were the standardized personality traits test of Kim, Chai-Un and Kim, Nam-Soon and emotional intelligence test operated by Kim, Ohn-Juh. The statistical methods applied in this study were Person's correlation coefficient, Z inspection of Fisher and a stepwise multiple regression analysis test. And in the statistical analysis process, SAS program was used according to the proper research problem. The main findings of the study were as follows: 1) There was a significant difference in correlation between personality traits and emotional intelligence. 2) There was no significant difference in correlation between personality traits and emotional intelligence according to distinction of sex. 3) There was a significant difference in multiple correlation between personality traits and emotional intelligence.

Luria-Nebraska 神經心理檢査의 韓國版 標準化硏究(Ⅱ)

金在煥,南正鉉,金光日,金二泳,黃淳澤,김지혜,金南奎,朴康圭,林東洙,金圭泰 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1990 精神健康硏究 Vol.9 No.-

치내치에 관한 치험례 : A CASE REPORT

김혜영,조호진,김은정,김현정,김영진,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

치내치는 치아 발육 중에 석회화되기 전, 치아의 법랑상피가 일부 함입되어 설측에 깊은 소와를 형성하는 발생학적 변이이다. 주로, 상악 측절치에 호발한다. 치내치는 형태학적으로 다양하며, 종종 초기에 치수괴사에 이르기도 한다. 치내치는 복잡한 해부학적 구조로 인해 치수 치료시 많은 어려움이 따른다. 따라서, 치내치는 초기 진단이 중요하고, 예방적 치료가 추천된다. 이에 본 증례는 치내치를 가진 환아에서의 치료에 관해 보고하고자 한다. Dens invaginatus is a developmental variation resulting from invasination of the tooth crown of root before calcification. Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors. The malformation shows a broad spectrum of morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis. Root canal therapy may present severe problems because of the complex anatomy of the teeth. So, the early diagnosis of such malformation is crucial and a preventive approach has been recommended. This report describes three cases of dens invaginatus treatment.

Effects of Phenytoin and Diazepam on the Seizure Activity in the Cortical Dysplasia Animal Models

Kim, Si-Hyung,Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Park, Eun-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung,Choi, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injucted control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5mg/kg;phenytoin 40, 60mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.

어머니의 성격특성과 유아기질 및 적응간의 상관

金南順,朴一賢 경상대학교 1995 學生生活硏究所報 Vol.21 No.-

This study was designed to examine the influence of mother's personality traits on her child's temperament and adjustment. In order to accomplish the this purpose, the main hypothesis to be tested were as follows : 1. There will be a significant difference in correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament. 2. There will be no significant difference between boys and girls in correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament. 3. There will be a significant difference in correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's adjustment in the kindergarten. 4. There will be no significant difference between boys and girls in correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's adjustment in the kindergarten. 5. There will be a significant difference in multiple correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament. 6. There will be a significant difference in multiple correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament and adjustment. The subjects of this study were 270 of children at age 4 to 5 attending kindergarten in Pusan(143 boys and 127 girls), and their mothers. The measuring instruments used were, in case of mother's personality traits test was operated by the Standardised Personality Test of Kim Chai-Un and Kim Nam-Soom(1991). Nine characteristics of children's temperament were assessed with Parents Temperament Questionaire(Thomas and Chess, 1997). Children's adjustment in the kindergarten was assessed with School Adjustment Inspection(Hughes, Pinkerton and Plewis, 1979). These instruments were administered to the subjects from July 10 to July 20, 1994. Data were analized with Person's product-moment correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The main findings of the study were as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament. 2. There was partially significant difference between boys and girls in correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament : mother's interiority was positively correlated with her child's(boys) activity level, approach-withdrawal, and negatively with girls. mother's depression was positively correlated with boys. 3. There was partially significant difference in correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's adjustment in the kindergarten : children's adjustement in the kindergarten was positively correlated with their mothers' adjustment, stability, achievement, and masculinity, and negatively with their mothers' anxiety. 4. There was no significant difference between boys and girls in correlation between mother's personality traits and ther child's adjustment in the kindergarten. 5. There was a significant difference in multiple correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament. 6. There was a significant difference in multiple correlation between mother's personality traits and her child's temperament and adjustment : children's adjustment in the kindergarten predicted children's temperament more than mothers' personality traits.

매복된 상악 중절치의 교정적 견인을 이용한 치험례 : CASE REPORT

김종식,김은정,김현정,남순현,김영진 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

치아 매복이란 여러 가지 이유로 구강 점막이나 악골내에서 치아가 맹출하지 못하고 있는 상태를 의미한다. 상악 중절치 매복의 원인은 치아종, 과잉치, 공간의 상실, 선행유치의 만기잔존 또는 조기상실, 선행유치의 외상으로 인한 치관이나 치근의 기형, 치배의 이소위치 등이 있다. 매복된 상악 중절치의 경우, 측절치가 빠르게 근심으로 이동하여 공간을 상실하고, 정중선의 변이가 발생하며, 낭종을 형성할 가능성도 있다. 따라서, 매복치의 조기 진단과 그에 따른 적절한 처치가 즉각적으로 이루어져야 한다. 일반적으로 매복의 정도가 심하지 않거나, 각화조직에 의해 매복이 초래된 경우 외과적인 노출만으로도 맹출을 유도할 수 있지만, 외과적인 노출후에 일정기간의 관찰에도 맹출이 되지 않는다거나, 치아의 맹출 방향이 자가 교정될수 없을 정도로 심하게 변위되어 있는 경우, 매복의 위치가 너무 심부에 있는 경우에는 교정적 견인을 시도하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 증례는 매복된 상악 중절치 중 일정기간의 주기적 관찰후 맹출이 기대되지 않았기에, 교정적으로 견인하여 치료하였으며, 치료후 다소의 지견을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. A tooth impaction means a state that a tooth does not erupt out of oral mucosa or alveolar bone for many reasons. The reasons for an impaction of the Maxillary central incisor are an odontoma, supernumerary tooth, space loss, prolonged remaining or early loss of a preceding deciduous tooth, abnormalities of crown or root caused by trauma of a deciduous tooth and an ectopic position of a tooth germ. In the case of the impacted maxillary incisor, a rapid mesial movement of a lateral incisor leads a space loss and a midline deviation can be happened. Furthermore, it can cause a cyst. When we treated a patient with an impacted central incisor early, we could see a better prognosis. It means an early diagnosis and an exact treatment are very important. Generally if the impaction is not severe or it is caused by a keratinized covering tissue, a surgical exposure can induce an eruption easily but an orthodontic force is recommended when an eruption does not happen after a surgical method, when the eruption path is too transpositioned to be corrected spontaneously and when an impacted tooth is located so deeply. In the treatment using an orthodontic force, careful considerations about a root length, pulp, and a periodontal tissue can improve the periodontal and esthetic prognosis for the long follow-up results. This case is using an orthodontic traction following a periodic observation and in no expectation of spontaneous eruption. After treatment of this case, I have got some knowledges, so I report this case.

두경부 마사지가 중환자실 환자의 수면과 불안에 미치는 효과

김미용,전선영,송윤희,최은진,김재희,김미성,주명순,김남선 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: This study was to apply head and neck massage to patients in intensive care unit and to inventigate the effect of that massage on sleep and state anxiety. Method: The subjects in this study were 27 patients who were admitted in medical intensive care unit. The study was performed from June thru September of 2005 on the One-group pretest-posttest design and the sleep, state anxiety of the subjects were measured before and after head and neck massage. For data analysis, paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were utilized. Result: The first hypothesis that the subjects might have a better sleep after being exposed to head and neck massage was accepted. The second hypothesis that the subjects might feel less state anxiety afrer being exposed to head and neck massage was accepted. The third hypothesis that the sleep of the ICU patients maight be correlated to their anxiety was accepted, as there appeared correlation between their sleep and anxiety. Conclusion: Head and neck massage is identified as one of independent nursing interwentions to improve the sleep of ICU patients and ease their anxiety, and it is necessary to apply it to clinical practices.

Optimization of the Beam Parameters in a Time-Dependent Free-Electron Laser

NAM*, Soon-Kwon,KIM, Tae Hoon Korean Physical Society 2018 New Physics: Sae Mulli Vol.68 No.10

베타-글루쿠로니다제에 의한 황련ㆍ황금 공침물의 가수분해 및 생체이용률 증가

김미정,김남순,김영일,김대근,양재헌 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.2

During the preparation of decoction from the mixture of Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix, insoluble copreciptate was formed. The coprecipitated product(COP) was composed of berberine and baicalin which was the active ingredient of Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix, respectively. COP was slightly soluble in water and could not be well absorbed after oral administration. This poor bioavailibility might be associated with its poor aqueous solubility. With the purpose of increasing the solubility and bioavailibility of COP, hydrolysis of COP by β-glucuronidase was carried out. Hydrolyzed products (HOP) of COP were identified and assayed for active ingredients. The partition coefficient study, in situ absorption test, and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration were also performed. COP was found to be consisted of berberine and baicalin with molecular ratio or 1 to 1. This compound was hydrolyzed to berberine and baicalin by β-glucuronidase. The rate of hydrolysis was higher at higher temperature up to 50℃ and higher concentration of β-glucuronidase up to 2500 unit under our experimental conditions. Baicalein, which is more liphophilic than baicalin, showed greater absorption in small intestine than baicalin did. The plasma concentrations of berberine and baicalein after oral administration of HOP were significantly higher than those of COP. The possible mechanism of increased bioavailibility of berberine and baicalein could be the hydrolysis of COP by β-glucuronidase. On the basis of the above results, it might be said that HOP should be a suitable preparation for increasing the bioavailibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix.