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Ko, Youkyung,Hwang, Ho Seong,Lee, Myung Gyoon,Park, Hong Soo,Lim, Sungsoon,Sohn, Jubee,Jang, In Sung,Hwang, Narae,Park, Byeong-Gon American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.835 No.2
<P>We present the results of a wide-field spectroscopic survey of globular clusters (GCs) in the Virgo cluster. We obtain spectra for 201 GCs and 55 ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) using Hectospec on the Multiple-Mirror Telescope and derive their radial velocities. We identify 46 genuine intracluster GCs (IGCs), not associated with any Virgo galaxies, using the 3D GMM test on the spatial and radial velocity distribution. They are located at a projected distance 200 kpc less than or similar to R less than or similar to 500 kpc from the center of M87. The radial velocity distribution of these IGCs shows two peaks, one at v(r) = 1023 km s(-1), associated with the Virgo main body, and another at v(r) = 36 km s(-1), associated with the infalling structure. The velocity dispersion of the IGCs in the Virgo main body is sigma(GC) similar to 314 km s(-1), which is smoothly connected to the velocity dispersion profile of M87 GCs but is much lower than that of dwarf galaxies in the same survey field, sigma(dwarf) similar to 608 km s(-1). The UCDs are more centrally concentrated on massive galaxies-M87, M86, and M84. The radial velocity dispersion of the UCD system is much smaller than that of dwarf galaxies. Our results confirm the large-scale distribution of Virgo IGCs indicated by previous photometric surveys. The color distribution of the confirmed IGCs shows a bimodality similar to that of M87 GCs. This indicates that most IGCs are stripped off dwarf galaxies and some off massive galaxies in the Virgo.</P>
Somatic Embryogenesis from Various Parts of Muscari comosum var. plumosum
Xudong He,Ko Jeong-Ae,Choi Jeong-Ran,Kim Hyung-Moo,Kim Myung-Jun,Choi So-Ra,Kim Young-Gon,Kim Dong-Hee,Kim Hyun-Soon 한국자원식물학회 2006 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.19 No.3
In vitro high-frequency plant regeneration of Muscari comosum var. plumosum through somatic embryogenesis was obtained via two developmental pathways: direct embryos and multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic callus. Flower bud with pedicel, receptacle, petal and ovary wall, floral stalk and leaf as explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators. Embryos formed directly from pedicel, receptacle and floral stalk. Depending on explant sources, the optimal medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA and 0.3 mg/L BA, 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA, and MS-free medium for pedicel, receptacle, and floral stalk, respectively. Multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic cal]i which was initiated from petal, ovary and leaf were observed in MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of hormone. The most suitable medium for each type of explant was 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA(petal and ovary) and 5.0 mg/L IBA and 5.0 mg/L BA (leaf) Furthermore, the combination of 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA was also good for all sources of explants not only for direct embryo formation, but also, for embryogenic callus induction.
차나무 미숙 접합자배 배양에 의한 체세포배 형성 및 식물체 재분화
고정애(Jeong Ae Ko),김동희(Dong Hee Kim),최정란(Jeong Ran Choi),김명준(Myung Jun Kim),한승진(Seung Jin Han),정공수(Gong Soo Jeong),김영곤(Young Gon Kim),김형무(Hyung Moo Kim),서병수(Byung Soo Seo),송연상(Yeon Sang Song) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.3
차나무 종자 및 배의 성숙도, 적합 절편체 및 식물생장조절물질이 배발생적 캘러스 및 체세포배 형성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 8월부터 10월까지 종자를 채취한 후배를 다양한 식물생장조절물질이 첨가된 MS 배지에 배양하였다. 배발생적 배양은 차나무 미숙접합자 배배양에 의해 시작되었으며 상배축, 하배축 및 전배 등 다양한 절편체를 미숙종자에서 분리하여 0.1 ㎎/L 2,4-D와 1.0 ㎎/L BA, 0.5 ㎎/L NAA 와 1.0 ㎎/L BA가 혼용처리된 MS 배지에 20일간 배양한 다음 동일한 배지에 30일 간격으로 계대배양 하였다. 접합자 배의 발육단계는 배발생적 캘러스 유도 및 배발생에 커다란 영향을 미쳤는데 10월에 채취된 종자내 미숙배 크기가 10-15㎜로 유백색 또는 담황색을 띤 어린 자엽기로 조직배양에 적합하였다. 어린자엽기의 미숙배를 전배, 상배축 및 하배축으로 구분한 결과 전배 및 상배축을 0.1 ㎎/L 2,4-D와 1.0 ㎎/L BA가 첨가된 MS배지에서 배양하여 고빈도(85-89%)의 배발생적 캘러스가 유도되었으며, 자엽기의 미숙배를 0.5 ㎎/L NAA와 1.0 mg/L BA가 첨가된 MS 배지에 배양하여 다량의 체세포배가 직접 형성되었다. In order to investigate the effect of maturity of seed and embryos, optimal explants and plant growth regulators on embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryogenesis, embryos of Camellia sinensis L. sampled from August to October, 2005 were cultured on MS medium containing various plant growth regulators. Embryogenic cultures were initiated from Camellia sinensis L. immature zygotic embryos. Using a variety of different explants, including whole embryo axis, epicotyl and hypocotyl from immature seed were isolated and cultured on modified MS medium with various combination of plant growth regulators.Developmental stage of zygotic embryos had a large influence on embryogenic callus induction and embryogenesis. Seeds sampled at October, whitish yellow or slight yellow color of embryos (10-15㎜ size) optimized for tissue culture. Cotyledonary embryo stage optimized for embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryosgenesis.The greatest frequency (85-89%) of embryogenic callus were induced from whole embryo and epicotyl callus cultures on MS medium with 0.1 ㎎/L 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg/L BA. On the other hand, plenty of somatic embryos were obtained directly by culturing cotyledonary stage of immature embryos on MS media with 0.5 ㎎/L NAA plus 1.0 ㎎/L BA.
고정애 ( Jeong Ae Ko ),김동희 ( Dong Hee Kim ),최정란 ( Jeong Ran Choi ),김영곤 ( Young Gon Kim ),김명준 ( Myung Jun Kim ),한승진 ( Seung Jin Han ),김형무 ( Hyung Moo Kim ),서병수 ( Byung Soo Seo ),정공수 ( Gong Soo Jeong ),김현순 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2011 농업생명과학연구 Vol.42 No.2
In order to investigate the effect of the scion and plant growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Camellia sinensis L., young shoots from in vitro seedlings were used. Explants selected from the first node with apical meristem to the fifth node were cultured on MS medium with BA, 2iP, TDZ, zeatin, or GA3 alone. Scion explant affected shoot differentiation and elongation, and the second or third node with a shoot tip was the optimal size of explant for in vitro cuttings. Shoot and multiple shoot initiation were initiated from the node with axillary bud explant on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg. L-1 2iP. The combination of NAA and BA, IBA and BA, and 2,4-D and BA were the best to increase callus formation. Shoot and multiple shoots were produced on a combination of MS medium with 2,4-D and 2iP, IBA and 2iP, and IBA and BA. Especially, 32.9-40.2% of shoot and multiple shoots were formed on MS medium with 0.5 mg. L-1 IBA and 2.0 mg. L-1 2iP. White and rigid roots were produced on MS medium with 3.0-5.0 mg. L-1 IBA alone. During the culture, shoot regeneration was not observed through organogenesis or embryogenesis from callus. This result indicates that the second or third nodal region with an axillary bud can be used for mass propagation of Camellia sinensis L. The MS medium with 1.0 to 2.0 mg. L-1 2iP alone or the combination with 0.5 mg. L-1 2,4-D, NAA, or IBA demonstrated the possibility of rapid propagation.