한국인 알코올 의존 환자에서 알코올 대사 효소 유전자형 빈도의 남녀 차이

김성곤,김철민,이덕기,황인복,이현숙,김성연,전은숙,송영상,박제민,최병무,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : There are a number of preceding epidemiological studies reporting gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence. The author investigated gender difference in the frequencies of ADH2 and ALDH2 genoypes between the patients with alcohol dependence and normal control. Methods : The subjects were 141 alcohol dependent patients (104 males, 37 females) and 138 normal control (79 males, 59 females). The frequencies of 1/1 and 1/2+2/2 (2+ afterward) genotypes for ADH2 and ALDH2 were investigated in male and female between alcohol dependence and normal control group. DNA was extracted from WBC in peripheral venous blood and PCR-RFLP method was used out for genotyping. Results : First, the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than normal control in both genders. Second, while there was no gender difference in the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype in normal controls, in the patient group however, the frequency was significantly higher in females than males. Third, in male subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher than in male normal control subjects. On the other hand, in female subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 2+ genotype was significantly higher than in female normal control subjects. Conclusion : These results suggest that while the risk of alcohol dependence is predominantly affected by ALDH2 1/1 geno-type in male, the female ADH2 1/1 genotype is mainly associated with the risk of alcohol dependence. This means that there are gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence.

알코올 의존 환자에서 갈근이 혈중 알코올 농도와 음주 효과에 미치는 영향

김명정,정영인,박제민,김성곤,최영길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.6

갈근의 장기 투여가 혈중 알코올 농도와 음주 효과에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위하여 알코올 의존으로 입원하여 급성 알코올 중독과 금단 증상에서 회복된 남자 환자를 대상으로 갈근 투여군과 대조약 투여군으로 나누어 갈근과 대조약을 4주간 투여하였다. 갈근 혹은 대조약 투여 전후에 우울과 불안을 측정하고, 알코올 함량이 25%인 소주를 체중 kg당 ml를 음주하게 한 후 음주 전, 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90, 120분에 각각 혈중 알코올 농도와 음주 효과를 측정하고 4주 동안의 일일 음식 섭취량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 갈근 투여 전후 사이 그리고 실험군과 대조군 사이에 음주 후 혈중 알코올 농도에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 갈근 투여 전에 비하여 투여 후에 음주 후 수축기 혈압은 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90분에 그리고 이완기 혈압은 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90, 120분에서 유의하게 낮았다. 갈근 투여 전의 수축기 혈압은 음주 후 10분에서 그리고 이완기 혈압은 음주 후 10, 30, 60분에서 음주 전에 비해 유의하게 상승하였으나 갈근 투여 후에는 알코올에 의한 위의 혈압 상승 효과가 차단되었다. 3) 갈근 투여 전에 비하여 투여 후에 운동량은 음주 60, 90분에서 유의하게 낮았고 목소리는 음주 후 10, 30, 60, 90분에서 유의하게 작았다. 갈근 투여 전의 운동량은 음주 후 10분부터 음주 전에 비하여 유의하게 상승하였으나 갈근 투여 후의 운동량은 음주 후 60분부터 유의하게 상승하여 알코올에 의한 상승 효과가 지연되었다. 4) 우울과 불안은 갈근 투여 전과 위약 투여 전 그리고 갈근 투여 후와 대조약 투여 후 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5) 음식 섭취량은 갈근 투여군과 대조약 투여군 모두에서 실험 기간 동안 유의한 변화가 없었다. Effect of radix puerariae on blood alcohol concentration and on alcohol effect in alcoholic patients was studied. The subjects were 57 hospitalized male alcoholics recovered from acute intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. They were divided into two groups of 29 subjects of experimental group and 28 control group. The experimental group was adminitrered with 10g/day of powder of radix puerarize and the control group with mixture of 4g/day of radix glycyrrhizae and 6g/day of flour for 4 weeks, respectively. Before and after treatment of the drugs, blood alcohol concentration, vital signs, and mania rating scale were measured at -5, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of 25% alcohol at a dose of 6ml/kg b.w.p.o. The results were as follows: 1) Blood alcohol concentration was not changed by four weeks of radix puerariae treatment and no difference in the blood alcohol concentration was noted between the radix puerariae and the control groups. 2) Radix puerariae significantly lowered systolic blood pressures at 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after alcohol intake and diastolic blood pressures at 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after alcohol intake as compared to the corresponding pre-treatment levels. Moreover, before radix puerariae treatment, alcohol-induced elevation of systolic blood pressure was significant at 10 minutes after alcohol intake and that of diastolic blood pressure was significant at 10, 30 and 60 minutes after alcohol intake. But after radix puerariae treatment, such elevation was abolished. 3) Radix puerariae reduced significantly levels of motor activity at 60 and 90 minutes after alcochol intake and levels of voice at 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after alcohol intake as compared to the respective pre-treatment levels. Alcohol-induced enhancement of motor activity was significantly increased from 10 minutes after alcohol intake before radix puerariae treatment. But after the drug treatment, it was significantly increased from 60 minutes after alcohol intake. Thus radix puerariae delayed the development of alcohol-induced enhancement of motor activity. 4) No significant differences were noted in the levels of anxiety and depression between the index group and the control, either before or after respective drug treatment. 5) Food intake was not changed during the experimental period in both groups.

東學運動과 甲午改革

金麟坤,劉明喆 경북대학교 1984 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to explain that the reform bills of maladministration of Tonghak Movement were carried out autonomously throughout the period of the Kabo Reformation, and were later reflected in the Kabo Reformation. The Kabo Reformation was able to have autonomy and independence not only(1) because Japan at that time was absorbed in the pursuit of interests and worried about the intervention of Russia and other countries but also(2) because Daeweongun and the Gyojeong Office had autonomy. With such results of the autonomous Reformation Movement, the Kabo Reformation was able to (1) defeat the feudalistic elements, (2) bring about the development of systems of modern countries, and (3) finally helped Korea to be modernized in every field.

흉요추부 골절의 수술적 치료

김명호,유문집,이성철,박진영,유석주,박희곤 단국대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

The purpose of operative treatment in thoracolumbar spine fractures is anatomical reduction and stabilization of the fractures and thus promote neurological recovery and early rehabilitation. To achieve these goals, complete preoperative assessment and recognition of the fracture pattern is necessary in addition to good surgical technique. The authors analyzed 27 cases of thoracolumbar spine fractures operated from Jun. 1994 to Dec.1995 at the Department of orthopaedic surgery, Dan-kook University Hospital. All cases were analysed according to McAfee classification. In deciding the appropriate surgical approach, fracture pat-tern, stability and neurologic status were considered. The result were as follows; 1. Unstable burst fracture, 11 cases, was the most frequent type. 2. 1st lumbar fracture was the most common level in this series. 3. Fall down, 15 cases out of 27, was the most common cause on thoracolumbar spine fracture. 4. Anterior approach was performed in 8 cases and posterior approach was performed in 19cases. 5. Good results were obtained through firm fixation and early rehabilitabion.

헤테로폴리산 담지 메조포러스 물질에서 아이소프로필 나프탈렌의 알킬화반응

김명완,김왕기,김종호,서곤 전남대학교 촉매연구소 2000 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The alkylation of 2-isopropyl naphthalene with isopropyl alcohol was studied over heteropoly acid catalyst supported on mesoporous material. The physicochemical state of loaded heteropoly acid was investigated using XRD, nitrogen adsorption and FT-IR techniques. Heteropoly acid was highly dispersed on the wall of mesoporous material, and retained its Br□nsted acidity. The initial conversion of 2-isopropyl naphthalene was high over the heteropoly acid catalyst supported on mesoporous material, while that was negligible over bulk heteropoly acid. The high selectivity for β,β - diisopropyl naphthalene was explained by the uniform mesopore inducing transition-state shape selectivity.

日本의 淸日戰爭 挑發의 國內的 要因

金麟坤,劉明喆 경북대학교 교육대학원 1985 논문집 Vol.17 No.-

1. Political Factors (1) The aggressive expansionism (2) The necessity for securing Korean Peninsula and Manchuria for the sphere of Japanese interests (3) The confusion of the Japanese domestic politics 2. Economic Factors (1) The necessity for a source of supply for food and gold (2) The urgent aspiration for foreign markets by ecomic depression (3) The commercial competition with china 3. Military Factors (1) The reinforcement of army and naval forces (2) The aggressive war policy of the military

여가활동 유형과 여가만족 및 생활만족의 관계

김승곤,양명환 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1995 체육과학연구 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of leisure activity types, leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction among college students. Specifically, two purposes were established for this study. The first purpose was to examine the effects of gender, age and types of leisure activity on leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction. The second purpose was to examine a casual relationship among types of leisure activity, leisure satisfaction, and life satisfaction. The subjects in this study were 115 male and 109 female college students. A purposive sampling method was used to select subjects who participated in three leisure activities including sport & exercise program(n=70,31.3%), hobby & creative activity(n=68, 30.4%),and amusement activity(n=86, 38.4%). Data were collected from all subjects during the fall of 1995. The Leisure Satisfaction Scale(Ragheb & Beard, 1980)was used to provide a measure of the extent to which individuals perceive that certain needs are met or satisfied through leisure activities. Life satisfaction was assessed by using a semantic differential technique. A 5 point Likert response scale was adopted for the instruments. One-way MANOVA, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were used for research problems testing. MANOVAs indicated that gender, age, and leisure activity type had a significant effects on leisure satisfaction. Posttesting showed that male group perceived significantly higher in leisure satisfaction(psychological, educational, social, relaxational physio1ogical)than female group. The higher the age, the greater the leisure satisfaction(psychologica1, educational, social, relaxational physiological), and sport activity group perceived more leisure satisfaction (psychological, educational, social, relaxational, physiological, physical environment)than did the hobby & creative activity group and amusement group. ANOVA indicated that gender, age, leisure activity types had a significantly effects on life satisfaction. The male group perceived significantly higher in life satisfaction than female group. Scheffe multipe comparison indiacted that the higher the age, the greater the life satisfaction, and sport activity group perceived more life satisfaction than did the hobby & creative activity group and amusement group. Also multiple regression analysis and path analysis revealed that life satisfaction could be the best predicted from leisure satisfaction and could be affected through the sport activity indirectly. The findings provide significant casual relationships among leisure activity type, leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction in college students.

社會民主主義者의 階級意識 比較

金麟坤,劉明喆 경북대학교 교육대학원 1986 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

1. Bernstein's elimination of class struggle as the method for attaining socialism undermined the status of class consciousness. If the transition from capitalism to socialism is made by extending democratic political forms rather than by radically transforming them, the class consciousness is replaced by organizational mechanisms. Bernstein denied that there was such a thing as an objective class consciousness, or, for that matter, that there was even a definable proletariat class. For him there were only groups of individuals, and the "class consciousness" of these groups, if the term may be applied here at all, consisted of the combined psychological state of the individuals in the group. 2. Lenin believed that in the course of the class struggle within capitalist society it is not possible for the workers to attain a socialist class consciousness. By themselves and from their own experience it is possible only for them to acquire trade union consciousness. Lenin maintained that correct class consciousness is the possession of a revolutionary elite, which is vested with the authority necessary to direct the revolution. Only the party elite can inject class consciourness into the working class. Presumably this class consciousness is consisted of the experience with marxist theoretical matters. 3. The union experience is an important contributory factor in developing the class consciousness of the proletariat in Luxemburg;s scheme, while in Bernstein's approach, union activity is an end in itself. Luxemburg saw democratic institutions as agent through which the class consciousness of the proletariat, the key to the establishment of socialism, can be developed. Because the objective situation which obtains during the struggle for democratic political forms contributes to the developing class consciousness of the proletariat. This class consciousness can be formed in the process of the constant struggle within the existing order, in the context of both the day-to-day struggle and the movement toward the final goal. The more closely the proletariat engaged the elements of bourgeoisie society on all fronts-political, industrial, social, intellectual-the more friction was generated and the greater and more rapid was the growth of class consciousness among the workers. And Luxemburg rejected Lenin's revolutionary elite as the vehicle for defining class consciousness because of her fundamental convictions concerning the mass character of revolutionary action. Class consciousness would gain through experiencing the revolutionary process and analyzing it "objectively," that is, through Marxist eyes. She seems to posit class consciousness as a moral force, an objective knowledge which is available to all. The role of the party elite, she maintained, is only to clarify and articulate this consciousness as it develops in the working class. The party elites are the interpreters of class consciousness; the proletariat is its source. Luxemburg in many ways united the alternatives presented by Bernstein and Lenin into higher dialectical synthesis.

약물전달체를 위한 폴리에틸렌글리콜과 폴리카프로락톤을 이용한 나노입자

김태형,채수영,최창용,김동곤,김명열,나재운 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

The self-aggregation behavior and microscopic characteristics of the PEG-b-PCL copolymer self-aggregates, prepared by solvent evaporation method, were investigated by `H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The PEG-PCL block copolymer formed nano-sized self-aggregates in an aqueous environment by intraand/or intermolecular association between hydrophobic PCL chains. Then, drug loading and its release behavior of clonazepam loaded PEG-b-PCL nanoparticles were investigated. The result revealed that hydrophobic-hydrophilic balances played a crucial role for drug loading and its release behaviors.

교육 지도자들이 지각하는 스포츠 가치 지향

김승곤,이세형,양명환 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1997 체육과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this survey research was to examine the value orientations as perceived by physical education teachers & coaches, community sport leaders and other academic teachers. Specifically. the research problems were twofold, First, to investigate whether differences on selected sport values were significantly related to gender, age, and educational leaders. Second, to investigate what social values emphasized by physical education teachers & coaches, community sport leaders and other academic teachers during educational training. Subjects were 229 educational leaders(l52 male and 77 female leaders) selected from the 4 high schools, a community sport club and '97 community sport leaders training course in Cheju National University. Data for the study were collected by menas of 10 items questionnaire and focus group interview. A 5-point Likert scale, strongly disagree(1)~strongly agree(5). was used to measure the value orientation of sport. Frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows. First. Male leaders rated significantly higher patriotism score than did female leaders. while female leaders showed significantly higher cultivation of leadership score than did male leaders. Second, Sport related leaders perceived significantly higher level of social development. good citizenship, respect for authority. self-discipline, leadership. prevention of social deviation. composite value scores than did the other academic teachers. Third, twenties leaders showed significantly higher social development, respect for authority, leadership scores than did thirties leaders and above forties leaders. Also. twenties leaders rated significantly higher competition in good faith and cooperation, self-discipline scores than did above forties leaders. Fourth, sport related leaders emphasized attitudes of do one's best, honesty and sincerity. perseverance. spirit of fair play, self-regulation and responsibility, consideration for others. the rules of etiquette, mental health, positivity, and physical health. Academic teachers stressed attitudes of honesty and sincerity, self-regulation and responsibility, do one's best, consideration for others, positivity.