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Reseach Note : Measuring the Effects of Trade Liberalization in Agriculture
( Myong Keun Eor ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2000 Journal of Rural Development Vol.23 No.1
This paper specified an import demand function to measure the effects of trade liberalization more precisely. Using monthly data rather than annual data on import quantity, prices, and income, this study can reflect recent changes in consumer`s tastes and patterns of expenditure. Under the assumption of tariff abolition, import of grape would increase to 27 thousand tons as the price fall to 1,600 won per kilogram by 2010. It has negative impacts on grape and pear producers` income. Even though considering positive effects on consumer`s surplus, the loss of producer`s revenue would be 5,190 million won in 2010.
Effects of FTA Among China, Japan and Korea on Agriculture
( Myong Keun Eor ),( Bae Sung Kim ),( Joo Myung Heo ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2005 Journal of Rural Development Vol.28 No.1
The effects of the Free Trade Agreement among China, Japan and Korea on Korean agriculture (CJK FTA) can be measured by Korean agricultural simulation model KREI-ASMO. Simulation results show that reductions in total agricultural income will occur at the range from 14 percent to 22 percent in 2014 depending on the coverage of the FTA. The impacts on agricultural income will be smaller when rice is excluded from the FTA. Also, Potential Bilateral Trade (PBT) indicated that the CJK FTA may result in significant increases in agricultural trade deficits against China and some decrease in trade surplus against Japan.
Food System Proposal and Strategies in APEC
( Myong Keun Eor ),( Se Ik Oh ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2003 Journal of Rural Development Vol.26 No.1
This study tried to both enlighten the background and intrinsic perspectives of the APEC food system and provide logical bases for food importing members. Since food exporting member economies were persistent to insert trade issues into the agenda of ATCWG, a strategic approach to the AFS issue in the ATCWG is required for importing economies. Implementation of the AFS would destroy many trade barriers in food importing countries. According to the APEC principles of voluntarism and flexibility, food importing members can minimize the impact of trade liberalization on domestic food and agricultural production. At the same time, they should emphasize that there are other mechanisms dealing with food trade issues both inside and outside the ATCWG. Importing members also should persuade the exporting members to expand their exports but not to dominate the market.
어명근(Myong-Keun Eor),김경필(Kyung-Phil Kim),전형진(Hyoung-Jin Jeon),문한필(Han-Pil Moon),한정희(Jung-Hee Han),이지용(Ji-Yong Lee) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
This is the second year report of the two-year collaborative research entitled "A study on the agricultural export promotion strategies", which is led by the Korea Council of Economic and Social Research Institute. The purpose of this study is to establish some effective agricultural export promotion strategies. Various factors that affect Korean agricultural export have been analyzed by the Gravity model and found out GDP of the importing country and spacial distance from Korea were positively related with export amount. Also, government expenditure for export marketing increases agricultural exports. In this study, emerging export markets were classified by four types; growth-potential neighboring market, growth-potential long distance market, hetero-geneous culture market, and fast-growing neighbor market. After selecting export promising product for each type of market, this study established export marketing strategies through the Conjoint Analyses and market-share simulations. Also, this study provided export pricing strategies for each market by the Price Sensitivity Measurement(PSM). As a conclusion, this study provided some measures to expand agricultural export markets as follows; First, organization and collectivization are needed to overcome the limits of small-scale structure of Korean agriculture. Flexible and various rather than uniformed policies should be applied to this process since the environment and conditions are very different according to the farms, products, and the locations. Second, restructuring of agricultural export industry should be enforced by the government and the industry themselves in order to expand export markets. Since the scale of exporting companies are too small to sustain in the market, they can"t establish strong brand power of Korean agricultural products in the overseas market. Through the entry into and exit from the market according to its principle, they need to merge into the large and specialized enterprises. Finally, government export promotion support should be indirect and long-lasting rather than direct and one-time exhausting ones. For example, current expenditure for export logistic would be better to transit to the support for construction of export infrastructure such as cold chain, proccessing facilities, and common warehouse, etc. Support for overseas marketing and buyer invitation costs can also be considered as export infrastructure expenditures which would lead to the self-sustainable exporting farms and company.
어명근(Myong-keun Eor),박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),정은미(Eun-Mi Jeong),김경필(Kyung-Phil Kim),우병준(Byung-Joon Woo),김현중(Hyun-Joong Kim),정대희(Dae-Hee Chung),한호석(Ho-Seok Han) 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
This research is about increasing Korean agro-food products export to foreign market. This is the first year draft from 2 year research project. The main purpose of this research is to support export policy of domestic agro-food products. To meet the end, the study mainly focuses on general export policies and institutional improvement. Previous agro-food export studies usually deal with a specific food item or country while this research addresses multiple items and countries. Especially, the first year draft deals with main export items and markets. This report describes a current condition of agro-food export market, and points out its important characteristics and inherent problems. Also analyzes the competitiveness of domestic agro-food products in five important export markets. In this research, foreign consumers’ preferences toward domestic vegetables, flowers, and fruits are surveyed. The survey results are utilized to derive necessary policies and its future directions to increase export markets. This research categorizes agro-food export system into six different stages and suggests policy recommendations to increase export to foreign markets on each stage. Firstly, in the production stage, it is difficult to secure the sufficient quantities and proper qualities. Not enough room for price negotiation is also a problem. To solve the problems, organizing farm to scale and government’s expenditure on R&D investment is necessary. In the commercializing stage, poor conditioned facilities and inadequate adoption of buyers’ requirements cause problems. These can be solved by providing new facilities to improve products" qualities with fostering export-specialized farms. In the export logistics stage, a lack of cold-chain system and an inefficient logistics system cause decreasing quality and increasing managerial cost problems. Also governmental export logistic subsidies cause an unnecessary side effect. Providing a proper logistic system with a new subsidy scheme is strongly recommended to enhance efficiency. In the quarantine and customs clearance stage, the government has to make a mutual agreement with the importing country to alleviate an existing strict quarantine system. In the stage of distribution in the importing countries, excessive price competitions between exporting companies cause several drawbacks such as damaging the image and price war. The government has to monitor exporting companies effectively to secure an existing market with proper policies. Finally, foreign consumers’ lack of brand awareness has to be changed. Currently, the main target customer of exporting agro-food products is overseas Korean. Supports on participating overseas food exhibitions and brand promotions, and entering local large-scale retailers are strongly recommended.