성조형 실현 규칙의 임의화와 16세기 말엽의 성조 체계

이문규(Lee, Moon-Kyu) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.137

The Incapacitation of the actualization rules of the tonal pattern (TP) reveals the remarkable changes since the “side-dot” began to be used in the documents in the history of Korean tonal system. It is noted that no other significant changes occurred in the level of morphemic TP or combination of TP in the same period. The actualization rules of TP consists of the “pitch-assignment rules” and the “pitch-adjustment rules.” These actualization rules in Korean were gradually incapacitated toward the end of the sixteenth century. During the mid-fifteenth century, the surface TP of a phonological word was aligned with the actualization rules of TP. However, it brought the changes at the end of sixteenth century, affected by the incapacitation of the pitch-assignment rules and the pitch-adjustment rules. The incapacitation of the actualization rules of TP has blurred the distinction between tonal patterns and pitches. Additionally, this phenomenon is interpreted to cause the dephonologizing of Korean tones. In conclusion, the incapacitation of the actualization rules of TP shows that the second stage of tonological changes of Korean language had already appeared in the end of the sixteenth century. It seems reasonable to argue that the tonal system in the sixteenth century should be distinct from that of the mid-fifteenth century. Until the sixteenth century the incapacitation of the actualization has been complete, as the source materials maintain the morphemic TP system and the first stage of tonological pattern in the fifteenth century.

국어 성조 체계의 ‘말(馬)’-형 선호 경향과 그 의의

이문규(Lee, Moon-Kyu) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.141

Among several tone patterns in the Korean tone system, there is a tendency for the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern to have the strongest preference. This is based on the following several tonal phenomena: 1) All three replacements of tonal patterns that are common in the middle Korean and the modern Korean tone dialects aim the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern. And these replacements have been expanded with time. 2) The ‘mal(馬)’-pattern is the common tonal pattern of all the symbolic words in both the middle Korean and the modern Korean tone dialects. 3) The ‘mal(馬)’-pattern shows a significantly higher share in the tonal patterns of Sino-Korean family names than in the sound of Chinese characters used for other words. 4) The ratio of the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern has diachronically increased in the tonal patterns of Sino-Korean words. It is reasonable to assume that the preference for the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern should go back to the period when the pattern was with the initial-low-tone since it is phonetically the most unmarked tonal pattern. Furthermore, it can also be assumed that the tone systems of the middle Korean and the Hamgyeong-dialect group with the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern in the initial-low-tone, are the closest to the proto-Korean tone system.

‘말(語)-류’ 성조형의 방언 간 대응 양상과 의의

이문규(Lee, Moon-kyu) 한국어문학회 2015 語文學 Vol.0 No.128

This study examines the correspondence aspects of ‘mal(語)-pattern’ and direction of change of tonal system in the Korean tone dialects. The correspondence aspects of the surface tonal patterns of ‘mal(語)-class’ in middle Korean and several modern tone dialects are may be summarized as follows. [표참조] After considering the aspects, we can realize the fact that there is a tendency for ‘mal(語)-pattern’ to be integrated into ‘mal(斗)-pattern’ or ‘mal(馬)-pattern’ in Korean tonology. The ‘mal(語)-pattern’ [HLLL] of Yukjin dialects is the result of the change ‘[RLLL] >[HLLL]’. And ‘mal(語)- pattern’ [HHLL] of the young generation of Daegu dialect is the the result of the change ‘[RHLL] > [HHLL]’. Both [HLLL] and [HHLL] are ‘mal(斗)- pattern’ in those dialects. On the other hand, [LHLL] of Jinju dialect is ‘mal (馬)-pattern’. At the pitch system level, this integrating phenomenon of ‘mal(語)-class’ is the process in which ‘rising’ or ‘lowest’ pitch extinct because of their articulatory difficulties. And at complexity class of tonal system, this phenomenon implicate that three-tonal patterns system of Korean tonal dialects changes to two-tonal patterns systems, and ultimately these dialects are changing to non-tone language.

플라비아닌산을 이용한 클로르프마진의 용매추출 분광광도법

정문모,남수자,이미나,이지연,허문회,안문규 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

제조합 대장균에서 과발현된 Citrobacter freundii KCTC2006 유래의 β-Tyrosinase를 이용한 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine의 생산

이승구,노현수,홍승표,이규종,왕지원,태동년,엄기남,방상구,김영준,성문희 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.1

재조합 대장균에서 대량발현 시킨 Citrobacter freundii KCTC 2006 유래이 효소 β-tyrosinase를 이용하여 pyrocatechol, sodium pyruvate, ammonium acetate로부터 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine을 생산하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 이 효소반응에 적합한 온도 및 pH 조건은 각각 18℃와 8.5로 결정되었고, 반응액 중의 ammonium acetate와 sodium pyruvate의 농도는 각각 300 mM, 50 mM 이상으로 조절하는 것이 적합하였다. Pyrocatechol의 경우는 20 mM에서 가장 높은 반응성을 나타냈으나, 기질을 반복적으로 첨가하며 장시간 동안 효소반응을 수행하는 경우에는 pyrocatechol의 고갈을 피하기 위하여, 20 mM에서 50 mM 사이로 조절하였다. 한편, 반응액 중에 ethanol을 10% 첨가한 경우에는 반응속도가약 20% 증가하였다. 이상과 같은 효소반응특성에 기초하여 조제한 기질용액에 β-tyrosinase를 1 unit/㎖ 농도로 가하고, pyrocatechol과 pyruvate가 고갈되지 않도록 간헐적으로 첨가하면서 효소반응을 수행한 결과, 24시간 만에 85.2%의 수율로 31.6g/ℓ의 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine를 생산할 수 있었다. By using the β-tyrosinase of Citrobacter freundii KCTC2006, which was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) was synthesized efficiently from pyrocatechol, sodium pyruvate, and ammonium acetate. Optimal temperature and pH for the reaction were determined to be about 18℃ and 8.5, respectively. The effects of substrate concentrations were also examined at different concentrations of ammonium acetate, sodium pyruvate, and pyrocatechol. Ammonium acetate and sodium pyruvate increased the reaction rate until the concentrations reached to 300 mM and 50 mM, respectively. Although pyrocatechol showed the optimal concentration at 20 mM, it was controlled between 20 mM and 50 mM to avoid the depletion of substrate during the enzymatic synthesis. Based on above results, a reaction medium for the production of L-DOPA was prepared and incubated with 1 unit/㎖ of β-tyrosinase. Pyrocatechol and sodium pyruvate was added to the reaction solution intermittently to avoid the substrate depletion during the enzymatic reaction. After 24 hour of reaction, 31.6 g/ℓ L-DOPA was accumulated in the reaction solution as soluble and precipitated ones and the conversion yield was about 85.2%.

생선 가시로 인한 소장 천공 및 복강내 농양 1예

문성수,이수형,이은아,박성한,이준식,홍현진,신은경,김규종 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.1

A variety of swallowed foreign bodies are seen in gastrointestinal tract. However 80-90% of objects usually pass spontaneously through the alimentary tract and out in the feces and 10-20% removed without complication endoscopically. Therefore about less than 1% of foreign bodies ingested only require surgery due to complications, such as perforation, obstruction. Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract is a well-recognized complication of the foreign body ingestion. The most common site is ileum. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of small-bowel perforation by foreign bodies is rarely made preoperatively because the clinical symptoms are usually nonspecific or mimic other surgical conditions, such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and perforated peptic ulcer etc. We report here a rare case of the small bowel perforation with mass-like intraabdominal abscess by fishbone ingestion in 59-year-old man who presented with a non-tender palpable mass in the left paramedian area and underwent abdominal computer tomography initially reported as showing intraabdominal mass.

축구 Sliding Tackle Distance에 관한 실험적 연구

이규문,김재성 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1991 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyse the sliding tackling distance estimated by a soccer player at the High school level. The meaning of the sliding tacking distance is the longest distance between a ball and a tackler in which he is sure to tackle the ball successfully. Skilled players(N=5) and unskilled players(N=5) were selected among the High school Soccer Team according to their ability of tacking. Each of the subjects was required to tackle a ball, and the sliding tackling distance and the movement time(MT) taken from the initial movement of the ball to his touch of the ball with the tackling foot were measured. The opponent's reaction time(RT) was also measured in order to be compared with MT. The result is as follows 1. The longest distance, in which one can tackle without changing ball-holder, turned out that a skilled group was 174.0 cm long(SD-14.28cm) and a unskil-led group 141.0cm long(SD-18.39cm). There fore, that was meaningfully longer than this by 33 cm. 2. When each subject tackle in each place assuned, reguired time of reaching out his foot for the ball turned out that skilled group was 385.6m sec(SD-47.31m sec) and unskilled group 303.3m sec(SD-25.79m sec). There fore, this was meaningfully shorter than that. 3. By comparison to RT(required time of ball-holder moving ball as reaction to tackling) and MT. MT in skiller group was shorter than RT by average -25.5m sec(SD-48.2m sec) and MT in -107.8m sec (SD 25.05m sec) 4. In real opportunity success rate of tacking was allaverage 1.4 time(28%) 5. It turner out that physical element as height, weight and power jump, do not have so great intluence on how to take a distance in tackling.

경북방언의 '나가더라'류 성조형 연구

이문규 문학과언어연구회 2003 문화와 융합 Vol.25 No.-

ATM 망에서 Best Effort와 Guaranteed 버스트 서비스 클래스에 대한 폭주제어 방식

이우승,문규춘,박광채 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2000 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.22 No.1

In ATM networks, we must distribute the bandwidth to use efficiently the channel and to satisfy the communication QoS(Qua1ity of Service) of traffics. However, since the required communication QoS is different according to traffics, it is expected that the congestion control scheme is improved by assigning priorities in each traffic and by controlling the priority. In this paper, congestion control schemes using the adaptive rate control for ATM LANs are presented. It is preferable for hosts in LANs to be able to send bursts at the same speed as the interface link speed in a lightly loaded condition, and as the network load increases, to reduce their traffic rate adaptively in order to avoid network congestion. We propose to apply such a rate control concept for two different traffic classed in the ATM LANs. For the first traffic class requiring no bandwidth reservation, i.e, a best effort service class, a combination of the end-to-end adaptive peak rate control with the link-by-link backpressure control is proposed. For the second traffic class, requiring the bandwidth reservation for the burst transmission, i.e. a guaranteed burst service class, a combination of the adaptive peak rate control with the fast bandwidth reservation is proposed.

운동과 노화

이규문,최종환 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1996 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Aging is one of the enigmas of life. It is also true that every human being experiences the aging process. Even though human beings have developed science and technology greatly, they have still been several questions on the aging process. However, in this study, it was focused that how exercise or physical activity influences on the slowing aging. Therefore, first, it was reviewed on several aging theories : genetic unbalance theories. Second, it was also studied on the roles of exercise with specific examples : exercise prescriptions and physiological and psychological changes. Finally, it was reviewed on what happens if we do not exercise regularly during 30s-60s : relationships between exercise and hypokinetic disease.