The relationship between aerobic capacity and the recruitment of activated sweat gland density with passive heating

( Tae Wook Kim ),( Jong Hyuck Kim ),( Nam Eun Bae ),( Hyung Seok Seo ),( Young Soo Baik ),( Jeong Beom Lee ),( Hun Mo Yang ),( Young Ki Min ) 한국운동영양학회 2012 Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry Vol.16 No.4

This study investigated whether the recruitment of activated sweat gland density during passive heating [immersion of the lower body into hot water, 41℃ for 30 min (PH), room temperature 23 ± 0.5℃ with 60 ± 3% relative humidity] is different in endurance-trained (Trainee), compared with that of untrained subjects (Control), as indicated by VO2max. Eight trainees and seven control female subjects (38.31 ± 4.91 ml·kg-1·min-1 and 31.8 ± 0.92 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively, p < 0.01) were similar on all other physical characteristics. To compare the changes between the trainees and controls, serum cortisol and prolactin (PRL), tympanic temperature (TYMP), local activated sweat gland density (L-ASGD) and the mean whole body sweat loss volume (M-WBSLV) changes were measured after PH. The cortisol was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the PRL tended to be higher in the Trainee than in the Control. The TYMP increased more in the Trainee than in the Control (p < 0.001). The L-ASGD showed a higher tendency in the Trainee than in the Control, there was a significant difference in the mean activated sweat gland density (p < 0.01) and the L-ASGD was significantly correlated with the VO2max (p < 0.001). The M-WBSLV was significantly higher in the Trainee (p < 0.001) and significantly correlated with the VO2max (p < 0.001). The results suggest that in humans, a high aerobic capacity is associated with a greater recruitment of activated sweat glands, whole body loss of volume and TYMP. Therefore, the decline in the heat loss responses, due to decrease in maximal oxygen consumption, may be masked by repeated endurance exercise training.

자바리, Epinephelus bruneus의 난 발생과 부화에 미치는 수온의 영향

양문호,최영웅,정민민,구학동,오봉세,문태석,이창훈,김경민,한석중,Yang, Moon-Ho,Choi, Young-Ung,Jung, Min-Min,Ku, Hag-Dong,Oh, Bong-Sae,Moon, Tae-Seok,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Kim, Kyong-Min,Han, Seock-Jung 한국발생생물학회 2007 발생과 생식 Vol.11 No.2

This study examined temperature effect in egg development and hatching of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Fertilized embryos was not growth after morula stage at $15^{\circ}C$, at 18, 21, 24 and $27^{\circ}C$, the required time from fertilized embryos to hatching were 70 h. 30 min., 44 h. 10 min., 29 h. 10 min. and 24 h. 30 min., respectively. The hatching rates at $24^{\circ}C$ were higher than the other conditions and the hatching was not occurred at $15^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that the water temperature range of egg development and hatching was $18{\sim}27^{\circ}C$. 이 연구는 실내 사육수조에서 자연산란 후 수정된 난을 대상으로 수온에 따른 난 발생속도와 부화율을 조사하였다. 부화에 이르기까지 각 수온조건에서 소요된 시간은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 상실기 이후 발생이 진행되지 않았고, 18, 21, 24, $27^{\circ}C$에서 각각 70시간 30분, 44시간 10분, 29시간 10분 그리고 24시간 30분이 소요되었다. 부화율은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 0%였고, 18, 21, 24 그리고 $27^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $8.3{\pm}1.2%$, $18.0{\pm}6.2%$, $24.0{\pm}4.0%$ 그리고 $17.0{\pm}7.2%$로 뚜렷한 차이 없이 $24^{\circ}C$에서 다소 높았고 21와 $27^{\circ}C$에서 비슷한 경향이었으며 $18^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과에서 자바리의 난발생 수온범위는 $18{\sim}27^{\circ}C$로 제안된다.

주痛의 東西醫學的 考察

楊棟元,吳旼錫,宋泰元 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2002 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Objectives : Study Cause of Elbow pain. Methods : Literature Review on Elbow pain in view of oriental medicine and western medicine. Conclusions : In view of oriental medicine cause of elbow pain is yukum(六淫), Jangbu(臟腑), gunglak(經絡) and in western medicine, cause is inflammation, overworking, ankylosing, deformity, etc.

과전류 보호계전기용 광섬유 전류센서

송민호,양창순,안성준,박병석,이병호 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.5

과전류 보호계전기에 사용할 목적으로 광섬유를 센서헤드로 사용하는 광 전류센서를 구성하였다. 전류측정의 원리는 도체 주변에 감겨진 광섬유 코일을 따라 광신호의 선형편광축이 자기장에 의하여 회전하는 정도를 측정하여 이로부터 전류의 값을 산출하는 편광측정 방법이 사용되었다. 센서코일은 10/125 mm 규격의 일반 통신용 광섬유를 미터당 20회전 이상 비틀어 제작하여 온도나진동 등의 환경적 영향을 최소화하였다. 코일의 한쪽 끝은 Faraday Rotator Mirror를 장착한 반사형으로 설계하여 계통을 해체하지 않은 상태에서도 센서의 탈×부착이 가능하고 코일의 회전수에 따라 센서의 민감도 조절이 용이하며 폐회로형 구조이므로 인근 신호원에 의한 간섭을 차단할 수 있다. 편광 빛가르개 등을 이용한 광학 신호처리부를 구성하고 표준 전류원을 이용한 전류측정 실험을 수행한 결과로 이론적인 해석과 동일한 형태의 출력을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 논문에서는 구성한 광 전류센서의 이론적 모델을 기술하고 전류측정 실험의 결과와 이론치에 대하여 비교 분석한다. A robust, accurate, broad-band, alternating current sensor using fiber-optics is being developed as a part of optical over current protection relay system. The sensor uses the Faraday effect in optical fiber and polarimetric measurements to sense electrical current. The current sensing coil consists of a length of twisted optical fiber and Faraday rotator mirror to suppress the linear birefringence effect. Due to its single-ended closed path structure, it can not only be easily installed to the target with great isolation from other fields in the vicinity, but the sensitivity can be increased by using multiple turns. This paper reports on the theoretical backgrounds of the sensor design and the preliminary experimental results.

3차 의료기관 응급실로 내원한 안면부 열상 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

김양원,안성훈,류석용,김홍용,전병민,김기태 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Background: Facial laceration is a common clinical problem in the emergency room that is frequently associated with other craniofacial injuries. It elicits an emotional response from the patient because of the underlying concern of permanent scar and secondary facial disfigurement, so they demand prompt and adequate treatment. The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence, etiology, depth, and site of facial lacerations to provide basic data for further understanding. Method: This study reviewed 1,043 facial-laceration patients treated in the emergency room at Pusan Paik Hospital between March 1999 and February 2000. This retrospective study was done by reviewing and analyzing the sex and age distributions, the monthly and daily distributions, the causes of injury, the types of injury, the sites of injury, the lengths of the lacerations, and associated injuries. Results: The sex ratio of men to wemen was 2.4:1, and the 0~10 age group was at the top of the age distribution. The number of patients was the highest on sundays and during March. About 9.2% of the patients visited the emergency room between 10:00 P.M. and 11:00 P.M. Falls(38.1%) were the most common cause of facial laceration, and deep laceration(51.8%) was the most common type of facial laceration. The most common laceration site was the forehead, followed by the chin and the nose. The most common associated craniofacial injury was facial bone fracture(39%), Facial-lacerations were sutured by plastic surgeons(80%), emergency physicians(10%), and oromaxillofacial surgeons(10%). We found statistical significance in the types and lengths of lacerations between men and women, among age groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: Facial laceration is one of the most common craniofacial injuries in the emergency room. By now, most lacerations have been repaired by plastic surgeons, But, the causes of lacerations are diverse and many patients are admitted due to the associated injuries. Therefore, emergency physicians should participate more aggressively in the care of facial-laceration patients to improve the outcome of the patients.

순음의 위상차를 이용한 스테레오 시스템에서의 음상 정위 특성 연구

박영민,박양우,장주석 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.1(B)

In the AV system, stereophonic system has been studied to produce a realistic sound effect. The width of stereo AV system speakers is narrow, to have the spatial impression of sound effect, widening the sound image is necessary. The direction of sound image depends on the phase delay and the sound pressure level difference between two channels. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the phase delay and the direction of the sound image relating to the frequency of sound source. Also we experimented to directionally localize the sound image of the pure tone with shifting phases and controling sound pressure level between two channels when the sound is reproduced by two speakers to make a spatial impression of sound effect.

국산 체외 충격파 쇄석기의 음향학적 특성 평가

최민주,이종수,김성삼,조성찬,양형석,손종수,천원기 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.2

In the study we measured and evaluated the acoustical property of a domestic spark gap type extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Altering the discharging medium between the electrodes of the shock wave generator (water, 1% an 10% NaCl electrolyte), we measured shock waveforms and sound pressure level (SPL). For the shock waves produced using the discharging medium, water, it was seen that the shock wave peak pressure went up to 70 MPa, and the SPL was in the range of 90 - 100 dB. As the concentration of NaCl increased in the electrolyte. the SPL did not change much and was shown to increase correlation with the discharging voltage. In the case of the discharging medium. 10% NaCl electrolyte, it was found that the shock amplitudes varied in a narrow range when being high in the concentration of NaCl and were large when being high in discharging voltages. While the stone fragmentation was in process, we measured the acoustic emission and compared their spectral properties.

경화된 콘크리트의 상태에 따른 염화물 확산특성 비교

임영문,양은익,민석홍 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Most reinforcements in concrete are constructed by steel. Corrosion of reinforcement is the main cause of damage and early failure of reinforced concrete structures. The corrosion is mainly progressed by the chloride ingress. In general, chloride in concrete can be discriminated by two components, total chloride and free chloride. This paper provides a testing method on the coefficient of chloride diffusion in concrete and the relationship between total chloride and free chloride in concrete for the composition of predicting model on diffusion rate of chloride. In order to complete this predicting model, this study will use chloride penetration characteristic, diffusion coefficient, and experiment of color change on silver nitrate solution. This predicting model is going to help that grasp special quality on salt content inclusion of concrete structure that is exposed in chloride environment. Accurate predicting model can be effectively used not only in selecting of repair time but also in preventing from various deteriorations.

제 3형 급성 견봉-쇄골 관절 분리 환자의 수술적 치료 결과

한성호,양보규,이승림,정선욱,이동호,김민석 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : 본 연구를 통하여 Rockwood 제 3형 급성 견봉-쇄골 관절 분리 환자에서 Phemister 술식과 modified Phemister 술식의 치료 결과를 비교하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 2월부터 2001년 8월까지 제 3형 급성 견봉-쇄골 관절 분리로 수술적 치료를 받고 1년 이상 추시 가능하였던 45명, 45예의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 28.1세였으며, 남자가 42명, 여자가 3명이었다. 진단은 이학적 검사와 단순 방사선 부하 촬영법을 이용하였으며, 수상일로부터 수술적 치료까지의 평균 기간은 7.8일이었다. 술장 소견상 오구-쇄골인대 봉합술이 어려운 15예에서는 Phemister 술식을 시행하였고 (Ⅰ군), 인대 봉합이 가능한 30예에서는 modified Phemister 술식을 시행하였다(Ⅱ군). 수술 후 추시 기간은 평균 16.2개월이었고, 결과 판정은 최종 추시 때의 임상 소견과 이학적 검사 및 방사선 촬영을 통해 UCLA shoulder scoring system과 acromio-clavicular separation scoring system을 이용하였다. 결과 : 술후 합병증은 Ⅱ군에만 표재성 감염이 2예, K-강선 이주가 1예에서 발생하였다. 최종 추시상 전예에서 동통, 관절 운동 범위의 제한은 없었고 , Ⅱ군에서만 방사선 촬영상 2예에서 아탈구가 관찰되었다. UCLA shoulder scoring system은 Ⅱ군에서 우수 93.3%, 양호 6.7%였고, acromio-clavicular shoulder scoring system은 Ⅱ군에서 우수 90%, 양호 10%였다. 결론 : 활동적인 연령에서 발생한 제 3형 급성 견봉-쇄골 관절 손상의 환자에서 Phemister 술식만으로도 좋은 결과를 보일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the Phemister technique with the modified Phemister technique for the patients with Rockwood type 3, acromio-clavicular separation. Materials and Methods : The 45 cases of 45 patients received surgical treatment for Rockwood type 3, acute acromio-clavicular separation in our hospital from Feb. 1992 to Aug. 2001 later with the follow-up study were selected as subjects. The average ages were 28.1 years old, male and female were 42, 3 persons, respectively. Physical examination and plain radiography were used for their diagnosis and the intervals between injury and surgical treatment were 7.8 days. In intraoperative finding, we performed Phemister technique in 15 cases according not to be able to repair coraco-clavicular ligament (groupⅠ), modified Phemister technique in 30 cases according to be able to repair that (groupⅡ). The average follow up period was 16.2 months, and the UCLA shoulder scoring system and the acromio-clavicular separation scoring system were used to obtain clinical results. Results : Only in Group Ⅱ, the complication after surgery were associated with superficial infection in two cases and K-wire migration in one case. At last follow up, there were no pain and limitation of range of motion in all cases, and two cases in Group Ⅱ were found to be subluxation in radiography. Clinical results revealed excellent was 93.3%, good was 6.7% in UCLA shoulder scoring system in both groups, and excellent was 90%, good was 10% for group Ⅱ in acromio-clavicular separation scoring system. Conclusion : The results are considered to be food with only Phemister technique in type 3, acute injury occurred in working ages.

사람 위선암에서 cathepsin L의 발현증가

홍원선,홍석일,박인철,손영숙,정훈용,양석균,김해련,민영일 울산대학교 의과대학 1996 울산의대학술지 Vol.5 No.1

cathepsin L은 lysosomal cysteine 단백분해효소로서 기저막(basement membrane)과 세포외기질(extracellular matrix)을 파괴하여 암세포의 침윤과 전이에 중요한 역할을 하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 이러한 cathepsin L에 대한 mRNA 발현도를 5개의 사람 위선암(gastric adenocarcinoma) 세포주와 5명의 위선암 환자에서 채취한 조직에서 방사능으로 표지된 cathepsin L특이 cDNA를 사용한 Northern blot법으로 측정하였다. 위암의 전이병소에서 수립한 세포주인 SNU-5, SNU-16, MKN-45와 Kato Ⅲ에서는 cathepsin L mRNA가 발현되었으나 원발병소에서 수립한 AGS 세포주에서는 mRNA의 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 5명의 위암 환자에서는 원발병소, 전이가 확인된 임파절 및 암 근처 정상 위점막에서 각각 조직을 채취하여 cathepsin L mRNA의 발현을 측정하였다. 원발병소와 전이병소에서는 모두 cathepsin L mRNA가 발현되었으나 정상 위점막조직에서는 전예에서 mRNA 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 한편 mRNA의 발현도는 1예에서는 전이병소가 원발병소에 비해 높았으나, 2예에서는 전이병소에서 발현도가 낮았으며, 나머지 2예에서는 원발병소와 전이병소 사이에 차이가 없어, 원발병소와 전이병소 사이에 mRNA의 발현도의 일관성 있는 경향은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 cathepsin L은 위암의 발생과 진행에 있어 암세포의 침윤과 전이를 촉진하는 것 이외에 또 다른 역할을 할 가능성을 시사하고 있다고 사료된다. Cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is known to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis by degrading the components of basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The mRNA expression of cathepsin L was determined by Northern blot analysis using a radiolabeled cDNA specific for cathepsin L in five human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines and five surgical specimens of primary gastric adenocarcinomas, their metastatic lymph nodes and matched adjacent normal mucosae. The mRNA of cathepsin L was expressed in all of the four cell lines established from the metastatic sites, SNU-5, SNU-16, MKN-45 and Kato Ⅲ, while not detected in one cell line established from the primary site, AGS. The mRNA was expressed in all of the five primary and five metastatic cancer specimens tested, while it was not detected in all matched normal mucosae. The intensities of the mRNA expressions, however, did not show the consistent pattern between primary sites and metastatic lymph nodes. These results suggest that cathepsin L may have the other function in addition to facilitation of the invasion and metastasis during the development and progression of stomach cancer.