Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-glycidyl methacrylate)/Polyethylene Composite Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Battery Application

Park, Min-A,Shim, Joonmok,Park, Se-Kook,Jeon, Jae-Deok,Jin, Chang-Soo,Lee, Ki Bong,Shin, Kyoung-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

Anion exchange membranes for a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) were prepared by pore-filling on a PE substrate with the copolymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The ion exchange capacity, water uptake and weight gain ratio were increased with a similar tendency up to 65% of GMA content, indicating that the monomer improved the pore-filling degree and membrane properties. The vanadium ion permeability and open-circuit voltage were also investigated. The permeability of the VG65 membrane was only $1.23{\times}10^{-7}\;cm^2\;min^{-1}$ compared to $17.9{\times}10^{-7}\;cm^2\;min^{-1}$ for Nafion 117 and $1.8{\times}10^{-7}\;cm^2\;min^{-1}$ for AMV. Consequently, a VRB single cell using the prepared membrane showed higher energy efficiency (over 80%) of up to 100 cycles compared to the commercial membranes, Nafion 117 (ca. 58%) and AMV (ca. 70%).

Chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation is catalysed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 <i>in vitro</i>: chlorpropamide disposition is influenced by CYP2C9, but not by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism

Shon, Ji-Hong,Yoon, Young-Ran,Kim, Min-Jung,Kim, Kyoung-Ah,Lim, Young-Chae,Liu, Kwang-Hyeon,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Chung Han,Cha, In-June,Shin, Jae-Gook Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol.59 No.5

<P>Aims</P><P>We evaluated the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms 2C9 and 2C19 in chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation <I>in vitro</I> and in chlorpropamide disposition <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P>Methods</P><P>To identify CYP isoforms(s) that catalyse 2-hydroxylation of chlorpropamide, the incubation studies were conducted using human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP isoforms. To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and/or CYP2C19 influence the disposition of chlorpropamide, a single oral dose of 250 mg chlorpropamide was administered to 21 healthy subjects pregenotyped for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.</P><P>Results</P><P>In human liver microsomal incubation studies, the formation of 2-hydroxychlorpropamide (2-OH-chlorpropamide), a major chlorpropamide metabolite in human, has been best described by a one-enzyme model with estimated <I>K</I><SUB><I>m</I></SUB> and <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> of 121.7 ± 19.9 µ<SMALL>M</SMALL> and 16.1 ± 5.0 pmol min<SUP>−1</SUP> mg<SUP>−1</SUP> protein, respectively. In incubation studies using human recombinant CYP isoforms, however, 2-OH-chlorpropamide was formed by both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 with similar intrinsic clearances (CYP2C9 <I>vs.</I> CYP2C19: 0.26 <I>vs.</I> 0.22 µl min<SUP>−1</SUP> nmol<SUP>−1</SUP> protein). Formation of 2-OH-chlorpropamide in human liver microsomes was significantly inhibited by sulfaphenazole, but not by <I>S</I>-mephenytoin, ketoconazole, quinidine, or furafylline. In <I>in vivo</I> clinical trials, eight subjects with the <I>CYP2C9</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>3</I> genotype exhibited significantly lower nonrenal clearance [*<I>1/</I>*<I>3 vs.</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>1</I>: 1.8 ± 0.2 <I>vs.</I> 2.4 ± 0.1 ml h<SUP>−1</SUP> kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, <I>P</I> < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) on the difference 0.2, 1.0] and higher metabolic ratios (of chlorpropamide/2-OH-chlorpropamide in urine: *<I>1/</I>*<I>3 vs.</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>1</I>: 1.01 ± 0.19 <I>vs.</I> 0.56 ± 0.08, <I>P</I> < 0.05; 95% CI on the difference − 0.9, − 0.1) than did 13 subjects with <I>CYP2C9</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>1</I> genotype. In contrast, no differences in chlorpropamide pharmacokinetics were observed for subjects with the <I>CYP2C19</I> extensive metabolizer <I>vs.</I> poor metabolizer genotypes.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>These results suggest that chlorpropamide disposition is principally determined by CYP2C9 activity <I>in vivo</I>, although both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 have a catalysing activity of chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation pathway.</P>

유치원 원장 자기평가 척도 개발을 위한 기초연구

신민경,황해익 부산유아교육학회 2004 유아교육논총 Vol.13 No.-

본 연구는 유치원 원장의 자기평가척도 시안을 제작하여 적절성을 알아보고자 부산·울산지역의 공, 사립 유치원 원장 162명을 대상으로 하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 연구내용은 첫째, 문헌고찰을 통해 유치원 원장자기평가척도 시안을 개발한다. 둘째, 개발한 유치원 원장자기평가척도 시안의 적절성을 알아본다로 설정하였다. 문헌연구와 전문가 협의 및 예비 조사를 통해 3개 영역, 9개 부문, 65문항의 유치원 원장자기평가척도 시안이 개발되었다. 둘째, 유치원 원장자기평가척도 시안의 적절성을 알아본 결과 문항양호도와 척도의 신뢰도·타당도는 양호한 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data in order to development a kindergarten principal self-evaluation rating scale. The subjects of this study were selected 162 principals from public and private kindergarten in Busan and Ulsan city. The research contents were as follows: First, the prototype version of kindergarten principal self-evaluation rating scale was developed. Second, the adequacy of the prototype version of kindergarten principal self-evaluation rating scale(the adequacy of the items and scale) were analyzed. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS PC^(+) 10.0 version program. The results of this study were as follows: First, the scale consisted of 65 items in 9 sub-areas of 3 major areas with 5-point rating. The major areas was general, professional, and administration characteristic. The general characteristic area are 30 questionnarie including 4 sub-areas of physical, personal character, leadership, intellectual ability. The professional characteristic area are 26 questionnarie including 4 sub-areas of attitude about profession, professional knowledge. supervision ability. The administration characteristic area are 9 questionnarie including 2 sub-areas of administration practice ability, safe management ability. Second, as the result of adequacy of the items, response distribution on each items and means, standard deviation was goodness. And as the result of t-test, between the higher 27% and lower 27% of self-evaluation score, the all items were significantly discriminated. As the result of adequacy of the scale, internal consistency reliability was .84~.91 in the sub-areas and .97 in the total scale. The construct validity was .72~.91, as correlation between the total rating score and each sub-area's rating score.

대요근 근구 차단술의 해부학적 고찰 및 임상 효과

신경호,김헌,최락민,김희상,안경회 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.2

석재산업체에서 발생하는 분진의 특성 및 저감방안에 관한 연구

민경원,진호일,신홍준,박진동 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2004 석재연 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

석재 및 골재를 생산하는 석산사업장은 노천에서의 공정으로 발파, 파쇄, 선별, 운반과정에서, 석가공업체는 절삭 및 가공공정에서 주요한 공해요인으로서 분진이 발생한다. 국내에 분포하는 석·골재업체 중 석산에서 발생하는 분진의 평균농도가 약 3배 이상 높게 나타나며, 작업장의 위치별로는 발파를 위한 천공작업장 부근과 석판재를 절삭하는 갱쏘 작업장 부근에서 가장 높은 부유분진의 농도를 보였다. 채취한 강하 분진시료의 참비중은 전체적으로 2.46~2.72의 범위를 나타내었으며, 평균 입도는 11.6~116 ㎛의 범위를 보였다. 강하분진의 pH는 전체적으로 7.28~9.45의 범위값을 보여 약 알카리성 특징을 나타내었었고, 작열감량(loss on ignition; LOI)은 0.28~6.24 wt%의 범위를 보였으며, 강하분진의 화학조성은 광물조성에서와 같이 대상암석돌의 일반적인 화학조성과 유사한 특성을 나타내었다. 석산에서 부유분진이 대기로 확산되는 것을 억제하기 위하여는 분진의 발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 발파 설계법을 도입하고, 분진의 배출 방향을 통제하여 배출구 부근에서 집진장치나 방진망을 설치하면 효과가 있을 것이다. 석·골재 파쇄, 석가공, 운반 등 전 관정에서 분진의 발생과 확산을 억제하기 위하여 적절한 살수, 분진발생지점에서의 집진, 확산경로에 방진망의 설치 및 운반과정에서 제 규정 준수는 분진이 대기로 확산되는 것을 상당량 억제할 수 있을 것이다. Particulate matters, major pollutants discharged from rock quarries and stone manufacturing plants producing stones and aggregates, are originated in the processes of outdoor blasting, crushing, separation and transportation, and indoor cutting and processing. The average concentration of airborne dust from rock quarries is about three times higher than that from stone manufacturing plants, and drilling sites at rock quarries and gang saw areas show the highest concentration of airborne dust, respectively. Samples of fallen dust whose mineralogical and chemical compositions are related to parent rocks have true specific gravity of 2.46 to 2.72, average grain size of 11.6 to 116 ㎛, pH of 7.28 to 9.45 and LOI of 0.28 to 6.24wt%. A controlled blasting method should be adopted and dust collectors or dustproof nets in the course of dust dispersion will be effective to reduce emission and dispersion of airborne dust from rock quarries. Appropriate water spray, dust collection at dust emission points, dustproof nets, and speed limit of transportation vehicles are helpful schemes to mitigate emission and dispersion of airborne dust discharged in the processes of crushing, processing, transportation and etc. from stone and aggregate industries.

계면활성제 함유 인지질 나노입자의 초가변성 연구

신지영,오유경,강민정,권경애,김종국 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.3

This study was aimed to formulated various phospholipid nanoparticles composed of different surfactants and to evaluate the deformability of the phospholipid vesicles as candidates of useful ultradeformable nanoparticles. In vitro deformability of the hospholipid nanoparticles was studied using an extruder under a certain pressure. The sizes of phospholipid nanoparticles, passed volumes, and concentrations of the phospholipids in suspensions before and after extrusion were measured. The deformability indexes were estimated by using passed volumes, sizes of phospholipid nanoparticles and concentrations of phospholipids. Conventionl liposomes, placed under a certain pressure of an extruder, showed no passed volume indicating little deformability. Similar to conventional liposomes, phospholipid nanoparticles containing surpactants such as sodium taurcholate, Myrj 45, or Myrj 53 showed little deformability. In contrast, phospholipid nanoparticles composed of Tween 20, triton X-100, or sodium deoxycholate showed higher deformability indexes than others. Taken together, the deformability of phospholipid nanoparticles could be significantly affected by the type of surfactants. Moreover, these results suggest that the deformability of phospholipid nanoparticles could be modulated by surfactants.

연속 저항 회로망을 이용한 국소 광적응 윤곽검출 시각칩의 설계

김경문,김정환,박종호,공재성,신장규,이민호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

트레드밀 운동시 흡기근 테이핑이 폐활량에 미치는 영향

김민지,신수영,송월섭,조수진,최동락,황미진,황진규,박진현,김경,Dennis W. Fell 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2011 再活科學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

이 연구는 트레드밀 운동과 키네시오 테이핑의 효과에 따른 폐활량의 변화를 알아보기 위해 26명의 비흡연자가 참가하였으며 키네시오 테이핑을 적용하지 않은 그룹과 키네시오 테이핑을 적용한 두 그룹으로 무작위로 배정하고 각 군들을 주 3회 6주간의 트레드밀 훈련을 실시하였다. 실험 전과 후, 스파이로미터를 사용하여 키네시오 테이핑의 적용 따른 폐활량 변화 효과를 측정하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 키네시오 테이핑을 적용 그룹에서 적용하지 않은 그룹에 비해 FVC, FEV1에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 건강한 성인에서 키네시오 테이핑을 적용한 경우 키네시오 테이핑을 적용하지 않고 트레드밀 운동을 한 경우보다 폐활량의 향상에 효과적이라고 생각되어진다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of vital capacity(VC) according to the effects of kinesio taping with treadmill exercise. Twenty-six non-smokers were participated in this research and these subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. To measure the VC variation effects of kinesio taping, spirometer was used. The collected data were analyzed statistically by using a paired Mauchly test and repeated measure ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; A group: treadmill with kinesio taping B group: treadmill without kinesio taping. Between A and B, there were significant differences. In the case of A group, there was 11.66% increase of VC, during 3 weeks experiment(p<.01). In the case of B group, there were significant differences, 3.35% increase of VC, during 3 weeks taping intervention(p<.01). After 6 weeks experiment, the improvement of VC shown a significant difference with intergroup (p<.05). From this result, it was revealed that treadmill exercise with kinesio taping was effective to improve VC to healthy adult than treadmill exercise without kinesio taping.

컴퓨터 작업 시 의자 등받이 위치가 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향

김민우,변승진,이경은,정소영,조주영,최원자,최찬양,김경 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2011 再活科學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

이 연구는 컴퓨터 작업시 의자 등받이 위치가 근육활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 36명의 근골격에 문제가 없는 성인 남녀가 참가하였으며 대상자들은 등받이가 뒤에 있는 의자와 등받이가 없는 의자, 등받이가 앞에 있는 우리들 의자를 무작위로 배정하고 동일한 컴퓨터 작업을 실시하게 하였다. 실험 중, 표면근전도기를 사용하여 의자에 따른 위등세모근, 머리널판근 그리고 척주세움근의 근활성도 변화를 측정하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 등받이가 앞에 있는 의자는 허리 근육의 부담을 줄이지만 목근육에 부담이 늘어나고 등받이가 뒤에 있는 의자와 없는 의자는 허리근육에는 다소 무리가 가지만 목근육에는 부담이 덜하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 환자의 증상에 다라 컴퓨터 작업을 하는 동안 의자 등받이의 위치를 조절하여 치료에 도움이 될 수 있다고 생각되어진다. Objective : In this study, we checked and observed people's change of body muscle and muscle activity who do computer work on different chairs. We set three kind of chairs which one is a stool and another one is the back is fixed, and the other one is the back is fixed in front of chair. Subject : Accounting for 36 health men and women, we divided these people to 3 groups and put them on the three cases(position 1, position 2, position 3). We measured muscle activity of upper trapezius, Splenius Cervics, Erector Spinae from the groups by using surface electromyogram system. Methods : The standard of the electromyogram was 'reference voluntary contraction', and we carried out 'one way anova' to compare muscle activity of three groups. Results : In position 1, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 123.2821%, Splenius Cervics was 141.7526%, and Erector Spinae was 254.5233%. In position 2, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 132.9395%, Splenius Cervics was 141.7526%, and Erector Spinae was 246.6540%. In position 3, reference voluntary contraction of upper trapezius muscle activity was 190.6487%, Splenius Cervics was 270.2332%, and Erector Spinae was 182.1021%. Both upper trapezius and Splenius Cervics muscle activity of position 3 group was higher than the others groups. In position 1 group, Erector Spinae muscle activity was hight than the other groups. And either was position 2 group's(p<0.05). Conclusion : Therefore the chair which is the back is fixed in front is more comfortable for waist muscle but it's not good for neck. And the other chairs are better in waist muscle but not in neck muscle. So far, when we do a computer work, it's prefer to sit on the group 1&2's chairs to reduce neck muscle's stress and sit on group 3's chair to reduce waist muscle's stress.

혈구세포 수송체로 투여된 트레일 유전자의 혈중 발현 지속 효과

변향민,권경애,신지영,오유경 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.4

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis -inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a recently identified member of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine superfamily. TRAIL has been shown to induce apoptosis in a number of tumor cells whereas cells from most of normal tissues are highly resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These observations have raised considerable interest in the use of TRAIL in tumor therapy. In this study we report the biodistribution fates and serum expression pattern of plasmid DNA encoding TRAIL (pTRAIL) delivered in erythrocyte ghosts(EG). pTRAIL was loaded into EG by electroporation in a hypotonic medium. The mRNA expression of pTRAIL was prolonged following delivery in EG-encap-sulated forms. EG containing pTRAIL showed significant levels of mRNA expression in the blood over 9 days. The organ expression patterns of pTRAIL delivered via EG, however, did not significantly differ from those of naked pTRAIL, indicating that the expression-enhancing effect of EG containing pTRAIL, was localized to the blood. These results suggest that pTRAIL-loaded EG might be of potential use in the treatment of hematological diseases such as TRAIL-sensitive leukemia.