열수 침지 처리가 치콘 절단면의 적변 억제에 미치는 영향

정현진(Hyun Jin Jung),강호민(Ho-Min Kang) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.3

치콘의 판매 중 상품성 저하의 원인이 되는 치콘 절단면 적변 현상을 억제하기 위해 열수 침지 실험을 실시하였다. 열수침지처리로는 대조구(20℃ 1분)과 38℃에서의 4분, 8분, 42℃에서의 2분, 4분, 그리고 45℃에서의 1분, 2분을 두었다. 색차계로 측정한 △a<SUP>*</SUP>과 △h값은 42℃ 2분 처리에서는 가장 낮게 유지되었으며, 42℃의 2분과 45℃의 1분 처리구에서는 대조구보다 유의 있는 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 10℃에 저장 6일째 관능 평가한 절단면의 적변지수는 42℃의 2분과 4분 처리 그리고 45℃의 1분 처리에서 낮았다. 적변의 원인 물질이 되는 총페놀함량을 저장 6일째 조사하였는데, 이 또한 절단면의 색변화가 적었던 42℃의 2분과 4분 처리 그리고 45℃의 1분 처리에서 낮았다. 페놀물질 합성에 관여하는 PAL 활성은 42℃ 2분 처리에서는 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며, 42℃의 2분와 45℃의 1분 처리구에서는 대조구보다 유의 있는 낮은 수치를 보였다. 그러나 가장 강한 열처리였던 45℃의 2분 처리에서는 절단면의 적변이 대조구와 유사한 수준으로 진행되었으며, 페놀함량과 PAL 활성도 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 공기에 노출된 절단조직에서 페놀물질을 산화시켜 적변을 일으키는 PPO의 활성은 42℃와 45℃의 모든 처리구에서 낮았는데, 특히 다른 조사항목에서는 모두 대조구와 유사한 수준을 보였던 45℃의 2분 처리구가 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 또한 각 조사항목간 상관관계에서, PPO를 제외한 모든 조사항목간에서는 대부분 고도의 상관관계를 보였으며, 특히 관능평가한 적변지수와 △h값은 r = 0.927<SUP>***</SUP>를, PAL 활성과 총 페놀물질 함량과는 r = 0.942<SUP>***</SUP>의 고도의 상관관계를 보였다. Hot water dipping test was conducted for chicon to restrict red discoloration of its basal part which impairs the product value during sales. Hot water dipping treatment was given to chicon for 4 min and for 8 min at 38℃ and for 2 min and 4 min at 42℃, and for 1 min and 2 min at 45℃, along with control (for one min at 20℃). The red discoloration indices of basal part of chicon during sensory evaluation on the sixth day of storage under the storage temperature at 10℃ was lower at 42℃ for 2 min, 42℃ for 4 min and 45℃ for 1 min treatments. The color change value of the basal part in chicon measured by colorimeter showed that the lowest △a<SUP>*</SUP> and △h were maintained in the basal part of chicon treated at 42℃ for 2 min. Whereas, color changes in 42℃ for 2 min and 45℃ for 1 min treatments were significantly low as compared with that of control. The contents of total phenolic compounds which are the substances that cause red discoloration of basal part in chicon were lowest at 42℃ for 2 min, 42℃ for 4 min and 45℃ for 1 min treatments. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) resposible for in the synthesis of phenolic substances was the least in 42℃ for 2 min treatment. Whereas, PAL activity of the chicons treated a t 42℃ for 2 min and at 4 5℃ for 1 min were significantly lower than t hat of c ontrol. However, r ed d iscoloration was progressed as similar level with that of control in the basal part of chicon at 45℃ for 2 min. The contents of total phenolic compounds and PAL activity in this treatment were not significantly different from those in control. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity which causes red discoloration of cut tissues was low in all the treatments including 42℃ and 45℃ treatment at which no inhibition effects of the red discoloration of basal part of chicon were observed. When the correlation coefficient between each investigated index was tested, most of them showed high correlation except the PPO activity and particularly and the red discoloration index and sensory evaluation △h values, and PAL activity and total phenolic compounds content were r = 0.927<SUP>**</SUP>, and r = 0.942<SUP>**</SUP>, respectively.

Accuracy of cardiac output measurements during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: according to the vessel anastomosis sites

Sung Yong Park,Dae Hee Kim,Han Bum Joe,Ji Young Yoo,Jin Soo Kim,Min Kang,Yong Woo Hong 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.62 No.5

Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB. Background: During beating heart surgery, the accuracy of cardiac output (CO) measurement techniques may be influenced by several factors. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical agreement among stat CO mode (SCO), continuous CO mode (CCO), arterial pressure waveform-based CO estimation (APCO), and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound technique (UCCO) according to the vessel anastomosis sites. Methods: This study was prospectively performed in 25 patients who would be undergoing elective OPCAB. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at the following time points: during left anterior descending (LAD) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min; during obtuse marginal (OM) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min: and during right coronary artery (RCA) anastomosis at 1 min and 5 min. The variables measured including the SCO, CCO, APCO, and UCCO. Results: CO measurement techniques showed different correlations according to vessel anastomosis site. However, the percent error observed was higher than the value of 30% postulated by the criteria of Critchley and Critchley during all study periods for all CO measurement techniques. Conclusions: In the beating heart procedure, SCO, CCO and APCO showed different correlations according to the vessel anastomosis sites and did not agree with UCCO. CO values from the various measurement techniques should be interpreted with caution during OPCAB.

고온가열처리에 의한 바다방석고둥 ( Omphalius pfeifferi capenteri ) 의 식품성분 변화

하진환(Jin Hwan Ha),송대진(Dae Jin Song),김풍호(Poong Ho Kim),허민수(Min Soo Heu),조문래(Moon Lae Cho),심효도(Hyo Do Sim),김혜숙(Hey Suk Kim),김진수(Jin Soo Kim) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.2

바다방석고둥을 원료로 한 신제품 개발에 관한 일련의 기초 연구로 저장성 부여를 위하여 시도하는 고온가열처리 조건 (F_0 5분, F_0 10분, F_0 15분 및 F_0 20분)에 따른 바다방석고둥의 성분변화에 대하여 살펴보았다. 바다방석고둥 통조림은 살균을 5분 이상 처리하는 경우 저장 중 팽창관이 발생하지 않았고, 또한 생균수가 검출되지 않아 저장성이 있었다. 고온가열처리 정도가 증가할수록 바다방석고둥의 일반성분 중 수분함량은 감소하였고, 조단백질 함량은 증가하였으며, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 거의 변화가 없었다. 또한 바다방석 통조림은 고온가열처리 정도가 증가할수록 이취에 관여하는 휘발성염기질소 함량, pH와 색조에 관여하는 갈변도는 증가하였고, 영양에 관여하는 구성아미노산, 무기질과 맛에 관여하는 유리아미노산, TMAO, total creatinine 및 수율 둥은 감소하였다. 이들을 색조, 조직감 및 맛에 대하여 관능검사한 결과 자숙 처리한 시료에 비하여 모든 항목에서 F_0 10분까지는 차이가 없었으나, 그 이상 가열처리한 경우 품질이 저하하였다고 인지되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 바다방석고둥을 고온가열처리하여 신제품을 개발하고자 하는 경우 F_0 값이 10분 이상이면 바람직하지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. The top shell, Omphalius pfeifferi capenteri meat vacuum-packed in can (diameter× height, 74.1 ㎜ × 50.7 ㎜) were heated at 115℃ up to F_0 values of 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min, and the changes in food components were studied. After 14 days storage at 37℃ and 55℃, no growth of microorganism and panelling were recognized from the canned meats which were sterlized at 115℃ with F_0 value of 5 min and over. In the case of proximate composition of the canned meats, the moisture content decreased with the increase of F_0 value, while crude protein increased. The increase of volatile basic nitrogen content, pH and degree of browning and the decrease of mineral, total amino acid, free amino add, trimethylamine oxide, total creatinine contents and yields were observed during thermal processing. In sensory evaluation on color, texture and taste in the canned meats, no significant difference was observed among a boiled sample and the canned meats heated at F_0 value of 10 min and below. But, in the canned meats heated at F_0 value of over 15 min, its sensory scores decreased with the increase of F_0 value. From these results, the reasonable F_0 value for preparation of the heat-treated top shell meats was in the range of 5∼10 min.

과열증기처리 반탄화 추출물의 항산화 효과 검증에 관한 연구

오근혜(Geun Hye Oh),남정빈(Jeong Bin Nam),양승민(Seung Min Yang),정원희(Won Hee Joung),정진산(Jin San Jeong),신종민(Jong Min Shin),강석구(Seog Goo Kang) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 펄프.종이기술 Vol.50 No.2

The antioxidant properties of the extracts from torrefied wood subjected to superheated steam treatment were investigated. Total polyphenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) were determined to evaluate antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content was 879.67±40.41 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL when the extract was subjected to a temperature of 300℃ for 10 min, and 759.67±25.17 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 350℃ for 10 min. The value of at 300℃ was 15.79% higher than that obtained at 350℃. Total flavonoid content was 111.18±3.55 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min, and 80.58±2.58 ㎎/mL at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 350℃ for 10 min. The value at 300℃ was 37.97% higher than that obtained at 350℃. For the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the highest scavenging activity was observed at a concentration of 6 g/mL. DPPH free radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 6 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min was 89.83±0.03%, whereas at 350℃ for 10 min at the same concentration, it was found to be 87.99±0.1%. The value at 300℃ was 2.09% higher than that obtained at 350℃. Reducing power was determined to be 3.59±0.04 at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min, and 2.92±0.1 at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 350℃ for 10 min. The value at 300℃ was 22.94% higher than that obtained at 350℃. FRAP was 1742±37 μM at a concentration of 25 g/mL at 300℃ for 10 min, and 1106±8 μM at a at 350℃ for 10 min. At 300℃, the FRAP value was 57.50% higher than that obtained at 350℃. Based on these results, we suggest that torrefied wood treated with superheated steam can be used in various applications because of its effective antioxidant properties.

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1) - Single Oral Combination Treatment of Tamoxifen 50 mg/kg with JEKHT 100 mg/kg within 5 min -

Kwak, Min A,Park, Soo Jin,Park, Sung Hwan,Lee, Young Joon,Ku, Sae Kwang The Society of Korean Medicine 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT) on the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in combination therapy as a process of the comprehensive and integrative medicine against breast cancer. Methods: After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, JEKHT 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of JEKHT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: JEKHT did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration, within 5min except for some negligible effects on plasma concentration. The $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$ of tamoxifen in co-administered rats were quite similar to those of tamoxifen single treated rats. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, JEKHT did not influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, when they were single co-administered within 5min. However, more detail pharmacokinetic studies should be tested to conclude the possibilities that can be used as comprehensive and integrative therapy with JEKHT and tamoxifen for breast cancers, when they were co-administered, like the effects on the pretreatment of JEKHT and after repeat co-administrations.

간헐식 흐름방식을 활용한 수직 · 수평 습지의 정화효율 평가

주광진(Kwang Jin Joo),이동민(Dong Min Lee),김기중(Ki Jung Kim),조용철(Yong Chul Cho),장광현(Gwang Hyeon Jang),최이송(I Song Choi),오종민(Jong Min Oh) 응용생태공학회 2017 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.4 No.3

본 연구에서는 부영양화의 원인이 되는 질소와 인의 제거 효율을 향상시킬 목적으로 광물질을 활용한 여재를 이용하여 호기, 혐기의 흐름조건을 만들어주기 위한 수직·수평 흐름 인공습지를 고안하여 아크릴 반응조로 제작한 후 성능평가를 진행하였다. 수직·수평 흐름형 인공습지의 경우 호기 및 혐기조건을 평가하기 위해서 반응조 내 용존산소(DO) 농도를 측정해본 결과 호기상태에서는 2.7 ㎎/L, 혐기상태에서는 N.D로 확인되어 목적에 부합된 결과가 확인되었다. 실험결과에서는 SS 저감효과가 140 min, 80 min, 60 min의 운전시간에서 각각 94%, 91%, 61%의 효율을 보였고, T-P의 경우 각각의 운전시간에 따라 84%, 71%, 63%의 저감효율을 보였다. 또한 T-N의 경우 각각의 운전시간에 따라 63%, 49%, 42%의 저감효율을 보여 기존의 습지가 12~24 hr 체류시간을 가지는 것에 비하여 짧은 운전시간에도 높은 처리효율을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 수직·수평 흐름 방식을 복합 적용하여 기존 인공습지의 단점을 보완하기 위해 기술개발을 진행한 것으로 어떠한 기능적 효과를 갖는지 확인하였고, 향후 이에 대한 현장적용을 위한 운영 및 관리적 차원의 메커니즘 연구가 추가로 진행 될 필요가 있다. Nitrogen and phosphorus are key factors in causing eutrophication of water body. In this study, ceramics media was selected to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. We designed vertical, horizontal flow constructed wetlands to create aerobic and anaerobic flow conditions by using the media, then proceeded to performance evaluations after acrylic reactors were produced. In the case of vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands, we measured oxygen concentrations to evaluate aerobic and anaerobic conditions. we got the result of 2.7 ㎎/L in the aerobic condition, N.D in the anaerobic condition respectively, which suited our purpose. The result of the combined vertical and horizontal flow condition showed that the removal efficiency of SS was 94%, 91%, 61% at 140 min, 80 min, 60 min of running times, respectively, and the removal efficiency of T-P was 84%, 71%, 63% during each running time. In case of T-N, the removal efficiency was 63%, 49%, 42% during each running time. We found that the reactor exerted better removal efficiency when in the short time compared to 12 - 24 hr residence time of existing wetlands. In this study, we conducted experiments to explore functional effects after applying combined vertical and horizontal flow methods in the field. Further study will be carried out to identify its mechanism and administrative perspective.

총경동맥 폐쇄시간에 따르는 국소 뇌혈류 변화 : 실험적 연구 An Experimental Cat Model

강준기,성태경,조병일,백민우,김문찬,허춘웅,하영수,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1983 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.12 No.3

The microvasculature of the brain is also quite susceptible to ischemic insult, and substantial portions of the brain are not reperfused after restoration of the blood supply following overtime of critical ischemic periods. The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effects of ischemia on subsequential regional cerebral blood flow measurements and cortical electric activities following reperfusion after ischemia and also to define the proper time of vascular occlusion without irreversible neural damage. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cat by bilateral common carotid occlusions for periods of 10, 30, to 60 minutes, and the blood supply was reperfused for 3 hours after clamp-off. Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was measured by hydrogen clearance technique following ischemia, restoration of blood supply and electroencephalogram recovery could be predicted according to the rCBF. Forty adult cats weighing 2.7 to 4.0㎏ were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 cats each : normal control, 10 min-clamped, 30 min-clamped, and 60 min-clamped groups. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The mean rCBF was 24.6±7.0㎖/100g/min in control group. 2) Bilateral carotid occlusions resulted in a reduction of the rCBF(12.4±4.1㎖/100g/min) to 50% of control flow on both hemispheres. 3) Sequential changes of the rCBF after reperfusion : (1) There was restored the rCBF(21.3±5.1㎖/100g/min) to control flow in the 10 minutes-clamped group. (2) There was a 85% recovery of control flow in the 30 minutes-clamped group. (3) There was a only 25% recovery of control flow in the 60 minutes-clamped group. 4) A close correlation was found between cortical electrical activity and rCBF suggesting a threshold relationship. (1) The changes of cortical electric activity began to notice at rCBF less than 17.4±4.7㎖/100g/min. (2) The recovery of cortical electric activity noted at rCBF more than 10.2±2.3㎖/100g/min. 5) There was no evidence of ischemic involvement at the cortex, white matter and basal ganglia in the 10 minutes clamped group, but demonstrated a dense wedge shaped infarct at the cortex and uncus herniation in the 60 minutes clamped group. The rCBF and cortical electric activity restored to normal values in reperfusion within 10 minutes after occlusion of both common carotid arteries.

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1)

Min A Kwak,Soo Jin Park,Sung Hwan Park,Young Joon Lee,Sae Kwang Ku 대한한의학회 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

반응표면분석에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 추출물의 추출조건 최적화

이혜진(Hye-Jin Lee),도정룡(Jeong-Ryong Do),정민유(Min-Yu Chung),김현구(Hyun-Ku Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.10

노랑느타리버섯의 항산화 활성을 측정하여 효율적 추출조건을 예측하기 위해 마이크로웨이브 에너지, 에탄올 농도, 추출시간의 요인변수를 중심합성법에 따라 설정하여 반응표면분석을 통해 최적화 조건을 설정하였다. 노랑느타리버섯 추출물의 수율, 전자공여작용, SOD 유사 활성, 총 폴리페놀 함량에 대한 반응표면의 회귀식 R² 값이 각각 0.91, 0.87, 0.86 및 0.87로 분석되었고, 수율은 P<0.01, 항산화 활성이 P<0.05에서 유의적 수준을 나타냈다. 노랑느타리버섯은 요인변수에 따라 수율, 전자공여작용, 총 폴리페놀 함량의 경우 마이크로웨이브 에너지의 영향을 가장 많이 받았고, SOD유사 활성의 경우 에탄올 농도에 따른 유의적 차이를 보였다. 추출물의 각 특성을 모두 만족시키는 최적의 추출조건의 범위는 superimposing 하여 마이크로웨이브 에너지 71.48~92.84 watts, 에탄올 농도 55.01~71.66%, 추출시간 3~9분으로 예측되었다. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize extraction conditions of Pleurotus cornocopiae. Coefficients of determination (R²) for dependent variables ranged from 0.86 at 0.91. Maximum extraction yield was 40.81% under the following conditions: microwave power of 60.08 watts, ethanolic concentration of 12.33%, and extraction time of 6.86 min. Maximum extraction electron donating ability was 35.72% at 44.13 watts, 19.30%, and 4.21 min. Maximum extraction superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was 34.87% at 114.01 watts, 65.88%, and 1.56 min. Maximum extraction total polyphenol content was 31.77 mg/g at 50.52 watts, 23.00% and 2.90 min. Based on the superimposition of four dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron donating ability, SOD-like activity, and total polyphenol content obtained under various extraction conditions, the optimum ranges of extraction conditions were as follows: microwave power of 71.48~92.84 watts, ethanol concentration of 55.01~71.66%, and extraction time of 3~9 min.

COPA(cuffed oropharyngeal airway)를 이용한 마취 유도 시 근이완제 사용 유무에 따른 반응

김상태,배진호,김상범,임승운,민병상,신영덕 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.3

Background : COPA (cuffed oropharyngeal airway) is a convenient device for airway management in patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery in supine position. It causes less pharyngeal trauma than LMA(Laryngeal mask airway). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of COPA with and without muscle relaxant. Methods : Forty patients with ASA physical status I and II for elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and vecuronium (1.5 mg/kg) and was administered intravenously in Group I but not in Group II. Mask ventilation was done for 5 min with 0: 5 L/min. COPA was placed and heart rate, and systolic, mean, diastolic blood pressure and peak inspiratory pressure were measured at 1 min interval for 5 min. Anaesthesia was maintained with pro- pofol 150 ㎍/kg/min, fentanyl 1 ㎍/kg/hr, O_2 2 L/min and N_2O 2 L/min. Results : There were no significant differences between Group I and Group II in heart rate, systolic, mean and dstolic blood pressure. PIP (Peak inspiratory pressure) was increased and hiccups occurred significantly (p $lt; 0.05) in Group II. Complete airway obstruction occurred in one patient of Group I and severe coughing, body movements and gagging occurred during induction and insertion in Group II. conclusions : With the use of appropriate muscle relaxant, we can use COPA without increased inspiratory pressure or significant complication. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 399~403)