Imaging of Gastric Cancer Metabolism Using 18 F-FDG PET/CT

Yun, Mijin The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2014 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.14 No.1

Aerobic glycolysis has been the most important hypothesis in cancer metabolism. It seems to be related to increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. To this end, F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose analog, became widely popular for the detection of malignancies combined with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Although the potential roles of FDG PET/CT in primary tumor detection are not fully established, it seems to have a limited sensitivity in detecting early gastric cancer and mainly signet ring or non-solid types of advanced gastric cancer. In evaluating lymph node metastases, the location of lymph nodes and the degree of FDG uptake in primary tumors appear to be important factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT. In spite of the limited sensitivity, the high specificity of PET/CT for lymph node metastases may play an important role in changing the extent of lymphadenectomy or reducing futile laparotomies. For peritoneal metastases, PET/CT seems to have a poorer sensitivity but a better specificity than CT. The roles of PET/CT in the evaluation of other distant metastases are yet to be known. Studies including primary tumors with low FDG uptake or peritoneal recurrence seem suffer from poorer diagnostic performance for the detection of recurrent gastric cancer. There are only a few reports using FDG PET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. A complete metabolic response seems to be predictive of more favorable prognosis.

AI-based next generation imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

Mijin Yun 한국실험동물학회 2023 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.2

Imaging of cancer metabolism

Mijin Yun 한국간담췌외과학회 2017 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2017 No.3

Detection of Lymphomatous Marrow Infiltration using F-18 FDG PET at Initial Staging and after chemotherapy

Yun, MiJin,Kim, Young Jin,Moon, Jin Wook,Park, Sang Joon,Lee, Jong Doo 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.3

목적 : 악성 림프종 환자에서 골수 침범 여부를 평가하는 데 있어 FDG PET 스캔의 유용성을 장골 골수 생검에 비교하여 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 73명의 림프종 환자(남:녀=43:30, 평균 연령 47세)를 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 69명은 비호지킨성 림프종이었으며 4명은 호지킨성 림프종이었다. FDG PET은53명의 환자에서 병기 결정을 목적으로, 20명에서는 치료후 효과 평가를 위해 시행되었다. 골수 침범에 대한 최종 판정은 두 검사의 일치성으로 판단되었으며 서로 다른 경우엔 장골 골수 생검, 방사선 검사 소견, 그리고 추적 검사에 의해 결정되었다. 결과: 73명중 54명(74%)에 있어 FDG PET과 장골 골수 검사 결과가 일치하였다. 두 검사 모두 음성인 환자는 54명중 47명이었으며 모두 양성인 환자는 7명이었다. 두 검사가 불일치 하는 경우는 19명이었었으며 이 중 6명은 골수 검사는 음성이었으나 FDG PET에서 양성 소견을 보였다. 반대로 12명에서는 FDG PET은 음성이었으나 장골 골수 생검상 골수 침범이 확인되었다. 불일치 결과를 보인 19명 중 마지막 1명의 환자에서는 골수 생검상 음성이었으나 FDG PET에서 위양성 소견을 보였다. 결론 : FDG PET은 림프종 환자의 병기 결정에 있어 장골 골수 검사상 발견되지 않은 골수 침윤을 발견하는 데 도움이 되어 골수 생검에 보조적인 역할이 있었다. PET 검사상 횡격막 상하 림파절 침범과 다수의 골수 병변이 있는 환자에 있어 골수 생검의 필요성에 대해서는 치료 방침이나 예후를 변화시킬 수 있는지의 여부를 보는 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. 치료후 효과를 판정하는 데 있어 FDG PET은 골수의 현미경학적 잔존 질환을 평가하는 데 있어 골수 생검을 대체하기는 어려울 것으로 사료된다. PURPUSE: To assess the ability of FDG PET for the detection of bone marrow infiltration compared to iliac crest biopsy in patients with lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients (females and 43 males, mean age of 47 years old) malignant lymphoma (4 Hodgkin's disease, HD and 69 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, NHL) were included. FDG PET was performed for staging in 53 patients and to assess treatment response after the completion of chemotherapy in 20 patients. Final conclusions were based on biopsy, other imaging studies, or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: There were 54 (74%) of the 73 patients in whom FDG PET and iliac crest biopsy were concordant. Forty-seven of the 54 patients showed concordant negative results while the remaining 7 patients had concordant positive results. Of 19 patients with discordant results, FDG PET accurately detected bone marrow infiltraion in 6 patients with negative iliac crest biopsy. On the contrary, iliac crest biopsy identified bone marrow infiltraion in 12 of the 19 patients in remaining one of the 19 patients with discordant results, iliac crest biopsy were true negative but FDG PET was falsely positive. CONCLUSION: FDG PET seems to be an adjunct in detecting marrow infiltraion that may not be revealed by iliac crest biopsy staging. For the assessment of treatment response, it may be less helpful than biopsy in detecting microscopic residual disease in the bone marrow.

Correlation Between $^{18}F$-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Advanced Lung Cancer

Choi, Yun-Jung,Cho, Byoung Chul,Jeong, Yong Hyu,Seo, Hyo Jung,Kim, Hyun Jeong,Cho, Arthur,Lee, Jae Hoon,Yun, Mijin,Jeon, Tae Joo,Lee, Jong Doo,Kang, Won Jun The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2012 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.46 No.3

Purpose Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene have been identified as potential targets for the treatment and prognostic factors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We assessed the correlation between fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and EGFR mutations, as well as their prognostic implications. Methods A total of 163 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC were enrolled (99 males and 64 females; median age, 60 years). All patients underwent FDG positron emission tomography before treatment, and genetic studies of EGFR mutations were performed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary lung cancer was measured and normalized with regard to liver uptake. The SUVmax between the wild-type and EGFR mutant groups was compared. Survival was evaluated according to SUVmax and EGFR mutation status. Results EGFR mutations were found in 57 patients (60.8 %). The SUVmax tended to be higher in wild-type than mutant tumors, but was not significantly different ($11.1{\pm}5.7$ vs. $9.8{\pm}4.4$, P=0.103). The SUVmax was significantly lower in patients with an exon 19 mutation than in those with either an exon 21 mutation or wild type (P=0.003 and 0.009, respectively). The EGFR mutation showed prolonged overall survival (OS) compared to wild-type tumors (P=0.004). There was no significant difference in survival according to SUVmax. Both OS and progression-free survival of patients with a mutation in exon 19 were significant longer than in patients with wild-type tumors. Conclusion In patients with NSCLC, a mutation in exon 19 was associated with a lower SUVmax and is a reliable predictor for good survival.

Gintonin regulates inflammation in human IL-1b-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis in rats through LPAR2

Mijin Kim,Bongjun Sur,Thea Villa,Jaesuk Yun,Seung Yeol Nah,Seikwan Oh 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.5

Background: In ginseng, there exists a glycolipoprotein complex with a special form of lipid LPAs called Gintonin. The purpose of this study is to show that Gintonin has a therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis through LPA2 receptors. Methods: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were treated with Gintonin and stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1b. The antioxidant effect of Gintonin was measured using MitoSOX and H₂DCFDA experiments. The anti-arthritic efficacy of Gintonin was examined by analyzing the expression levels of inflammatory mediators, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)/p65 into the nucleus through western blot. Next, after treatment with LPAR2 antagonist, western blot analysis was performed to measure inflammatory mediator expression levels, and NF-kB signaling pathway. Carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis rat model was used. Rats were orally administered with Gintonin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) every day for 6 days. The knee joint thickness, squeaking score, and weight distribution ratio (WDR) were measured as the behavioral parameters. After sacrifice, H&E staining was performed for histological analysis. Results: Gintonin significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS, TNF-a, IL-6 and COX-2. Gintonin prevented NF-kB/p65 from moving into the nucleus through the JNK and ERK MAPK phosphorylation in FLS cells. However, pretreatment with an LPA2 antagonist significantly reversed these effects of Gintonin. In the arthritis rat model, Gintonin suppressed all parameters that were measured. Conclusion: This study suggests that LPA2 receptor plays a key role in mediating the anti-arthritic effects of Gintonin by modulating inflammatory mediators, the MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways.

Corrigendum to “Gintonin regulates inflammation in human IL-1bstimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and carrageenan/kaolininduced arthritis in rats through LPAR2”[J Ginseng Res 45(5) September 2021, 575-582]

Mijin Kim,Bongjun Sur,Thea Villa,Jaesuk Yun,Seung Yeol Nah,Seikwan Oh 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.1

An Analysis of Preference of Indoor Plants Using Conjoint Analysis Method for the Development of Companion Plant Products

Mijin Kim,Taegwon Chang,Sukyoung Yun 한국화훼학회 2022 한국화훼학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 자료집 Vol.30 No.1

Lysophosphatidylserine Increases Membrane Potentials in Rat C6 Glioma Cells

Yun-Kyung Lee,Kyeok Kim,Hyo-Lim Kim,Santosh J Sacket,Mijin Han,Ji-Yeong Jo,임동순 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.9

Previously, we reported on the distinct effects of bioactive lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), on membrane potentials in rat C6 glioma cells. In the present report we have tested lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), another bioactive lysophospholipid, on membrane potentials in the same cell line. Membrane potentials were estimated by measuring the fluorescence changes of DiBAC-loaded glioma cells. LPS largely increased membrane potentials in a concentration- dependent manner. The LPS-induced membrane potential increases were not affected by treatment with pertussis toxin, implying no involvement of Gi/o proteins. In contrast to other lysophospholipids, the LPS-induced membrane potential increase was not diminished by a Na+-free media but was enhanced by suramin. Furthermore, this change was blunted by EIPA, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger, but not by SITS, a specific inhibitor of bicarbonate transporter. Our observations suggest that LPS acts on membrane potentials in a unique manner in the C6 glioma cells, although the precise action mechanism requires additional investigation.

Probiotic Characteristics and Safety Assessment of Lacticaseibacillus casei KGC1201 Isolated from Panax ginseng

Lee Yun-Seok,Yu Hye-Young,Kwon Mijin,Lee Seung-Ho,Park Ji-In,Seo Jiho,Kim Sang-Kyu 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.4

Panax ginseng is one of the most important herbal medicinal plants consumed as health functional food and can be fermented to achieve better efficacy. Lacticaseibacillus, one of the representative genera among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has also been used as a probiotic material for health functional foods due to its beneficial effects on the human body. To achieve a synergistic effect by using these excellent dietary supplement ingredients together, a novel LAB strain was isolated from the root of 6-year-old ginseng. Through similarity analysis of 16S rRNAs and whole-genome sequences, the strain was confirmed as belonging to the genus Lacticaseibacillus and was named L. casei KGC1201. KGC1201 not only met all safety standards as food, but also showed excellent probiotic properties such as acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and intestinal adhesion. In particular, KGC1201 exhibited superior acid resistance through morphological observation identifying that the cell surface damage of KGC1201 was less than that of the L. casei type strain KCTC3109. Gene expression studies were conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of KGC1201’s acid resistance, and the expression of the glycosyltransferase gene was found to be significantly elevated under acidic conditions. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) biosynthesized by glycosyltransferase were also increased in KGC1201 compared to KCTC3109, which may contribute to better protection of KGC1201 cells from strong acidity. Therefore, KGC1201, with its increased acid resistance through molecular mechanisms and excellent probiotic properties, can be used in health functional foods to provide greater benefit to overall human health and well-being.