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Ignacio Iglesias-Garriz,David Alonso,Carmen Garrote,Victoria Casares,Javier Vara,Jose Maria De la Torre,Miguel A. Rodriguez,Felipe Fernandez-Vazquez 한국심초음파학회 2020 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.28 No.1
BACKGROUND: Proper scaling of cardiac dimensions is of paramount importance in making correct decisions in clinical cardiology. The usual normalization of cardiac dimensions to overall body size assumes an isometric relationship. We sought to investigate these relationships to obtain the best allometric coefficient (AC) for scaling. METHODS: Ninety-seven healthy volunteers were included. The dimensions to be scaled were the left atrial volume, the end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volumes, and the diameter of the tricuspid annulus. A Bayesian statistical analysis was applied with isometric coefficients as priors. RESULTS: The linear correlations between cardiac dimensions and body size were modest, ranging from 0.12 (-0.10–0.32) for the left atrial volume and height to 0.70 (0.58–0.80) for the end-diastolic volume and height. The ACs varied across the different cardiac dimensions and body size measurements. For the best linear relationships, the isometric coefficients were outside the 95% highest density interval of the posterior distribution for the left atrial volume-weight (AC: 0.7; 0.4–0.9) and end-diastolic volume-height (AC: 2.3; 1.7–2.9), whereas they were different from 1 for the left atrial volume-weight, end-diastolic volume, and diameter of the tricuspid annulus-body surface area (AC: 0.6; 0.3–0.8). Not scaling the cardiac dimensions to their corresponding ACs can lead to important errors in size estimations of cardiac structure. CONCLUSIONS: The ACs found in this study are somewhat different from the corresponding isometric coefficients and often different from 1. This finding should be considered when normalizing cardiac structures to body size when making clinical decisions.
Garcí,a-Iglesias, Miguel,Yum, Jun-Ho,Humphry-Baker, Robin,Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.,Pé,chy, Peter,Vá,zquez, Purificació,n,Palomares, Emilio,Grä,tzel, Michael,Nazeeruddin, Moham Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical science Vol.2 No.6
<P>We have designed and developed an unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT9) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and two carboxylic acid groups that act as “<I>push</I>” and “<I>pull</I>”, respectively. The two carboxylic acid groups graft the sensitizer onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability under heat and light compared to the similar unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT1) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and only one carboxylic acid groups. The solar cells containing the TT9 and TT1 sensitizers with non-volatile electrolyte were subjected to light soaking conditions at 60 °C. Under these conditions, the short circuit current of the TT1 sensitized solar cell after 1000 h decreases to half of its initial value where as the TT9 sensitized solar cell remained the same demonstrating the influence of number of anchoring groups on the stability of zinc phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Phthalocyanine TT9 (red) grafts onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability compared to TT1 (black). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0sc00602e'> </P>