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Global millimeter VLBI array survey of ultracompact extragalactic radio sources at 86 GHz
Nair, Dhanya G.,Lobanov, Andrei P.,Krichbaum, Thomas P.,Ros, Eduardo,Zensus, Johann Anton,Kovalev, Yuri Y.,Lee, Sang-Sung,Mertens, Florent,Hagiwara, Yoshiaki,Bremer, Michael,Lindqvist, Michael,de Vice Springer-Verlag 2019 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.622 No.-
<P><I>Context</I>. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at 86 GHz (wavelength, <I>λ</I> = 3 mm) reach a resolution of about 50 <I>μ</I>as, probing the collimation and acceleration regions of relativistic outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGN). The physical conditions in these regions can be studied by performing 86 GHz VLBI surveys of representative samples of compact extragalactic radio sources.</P><P><I>Aims</I>. To extend the statistical studies of compact extragalactic jets, a large global 86 GHz VLBI survey of 162 compact radio sources was conducted in 2010-2011 using the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA).</P><P><I>Methods</I>. The survey observations were made in a snapshot mode, with up to five scans per target spread over a range of hour angles in order to optimize the visibility coverage. The survey data attained a typical baseline sensitivity of 0.1 Jy and a typical image sensitivity of 5 mJy beam<SUP>−1</SUP>, providing successful detections and images for all of the survey targets. For 138 objects, the survey provides the first ever VLBI images made at 86 GHz. Gaussian model fitting of the visibility data was applied to represent the structure of the observed sources and to estimate the flux densities and sizes of distinct emitting regions (components) in their jets. These estimates were used for calculating the brightness temperature (<I>T</I>b) at the jet base (core) and in one or more moving regions (jet components) downstream from the core. These model-fit-based estimates of <I>T</I>b were compared to the estimates of brightness temperature limits made directly from the visibility data, demonstrating a good agreement between the two methods.</P><P><I>Results</I>. The apparent brightness temperature estimates for the jet cores in our sample range from 2.5 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> K to 1.3 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> K, with the mean value of 1.8 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K. The apparent brightness temperature estimates for the inner jet components in our sample range from 7.0 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> K to 4.0 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K. A simple population model with a single intrinsic value of brightness temperature, <I>T</I>0, is applied to reproduce the observed distribution. It yields <I>T</I>0 = (3.77−0.14<SUP>+0.10</SUP>) × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K for the jet cores, implying that the inverse Compton losses dominate the emission. In the nearest jet components, <I>T</I>0 = (1.42−0.19<SUP>+0.16</SUP>) × 10<SUP>11</SUP> K is found, which is slightly higher than the equipartition limit of ∼5 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> K expected for these jet regions. For objects with sufficient structural detail detected, the adiabatic energy losses are shown to dominate the observed changes of brightness temperature along the jet.</P>
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( Peter Buggisch ),( Ana Moreno ),( Vasily Isakov ),( Lisa Backus ),( Dani Ain ),( Peter Ruane ),( Juan Gonzalez ),( Sooji Lee ),( Sarjita Naik ),( Swarup Mehta ),( Jina Lee ),( Michael Mertens ),( Ma 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: The AASLD/IDSA/IAS-USA Guidance and EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C state that HIV/HCV coinfection should be treated the same as HCV monoinfection with careful monitoring of antiretrovirals. Real world cohorts (RWC) have demonstrated excellent efficacy of LDV/SOF for 8weeks in HCV monoinfected patients. The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness of the STR of LDV/SOF for 8 weeks in HCV GT 1 patients with HIV/HCV coinfection in RWC. Methods: Real world effectiveness data of LDV/SOF for 8weeks in HIV/HCV coinfection is emerging from multiple cohorts. In this descriptive analysis, data from two prospective studies, one investigator- sponsored, 1 registrational trial, and three retrospective RWC of LDV/SOF for 8weeks in HIV/HCV co-infected patients were compared. The prospective trials include data from Ain et al (investigator sponsored) and Isakov et al (registrational trial). The RWC include the Deutsches Hepatitis C-Register, Madrid Coinfection Registry (Madrid-CoRe), and Veterans Affairs HCV Registry. Baseline characteristics and efficacy were analyzed. Results: The majority of the 279 patients included in this descriptive analysis were GT1, treatment naive (TN), noncirrhotic (NC), and had a HCV viral load <6million. The prospective cohorts enrolled 79 patients with the following baseline characteristics: mean age (43 years), male (74%), white (78%), and GT1a (55%). The RWC studies assessed enrolled 200 patients with the following overall baseline characteristics: mean age (53 years) male (79%), white (98%), and GT1a (82%) in those that reported demographics. The overall SVR12 from five diverse real world and post-marketing cohorts was 94% (263/279). The individual study results are presented in Table 1. Conclusions: This analysis of diverse cohorts from the EU and US yielded high SVR rates similar to SVR rates seen in multiple RW moninfected cohorts and supports the use of 8 weeks of LDV/SOF in TN, NC GT 1 HIV/HCV coinfected patients with a baseline HCV viral load <6 million.
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