<물고기의 축제>에 나타난 인물의 역할과 활용

박미리 ( Mi Ri Park ) 한국연극학회 2009 한국연극학 Vol.0 No.37

The purpose of this study is to explore the theory of dramatherapy for establishing relations between characters and dramatic plot and also to find a way of dramatherapeutic practices in use of the plays. For this, the study analyzed with Role model Theory of Robert J. Landy, characters of a drama, <The Funeral of a Fish>, written by Mi-Ri Yoo. Landy categorized 84 role types of characters in Western dramatic literature based on six domains named Somatic, Cognitive, Affective, Social, Spiritual and Aesthetic. By applying this categorization, the role types of two characters in <The Funeral of a Fish> can be described as follows. Sadako: Wife, Mother, Victim, Seducer, Adulterer, Parasite and Zombie Huyuo: Victim, Rebel, Dreamer, Hothead, Avenger, Tyrant, Worker, Killer and Suicide In the drama, the `Zombie` role of Sadako and Huyuo`s `Rebel Son and the Tyrant` role have effects on each other. These two roles, `Rebel` and `Zombie`, drove two characters, as time went by, to both extremes resulted in Huyuo`s suicide. Thus, Huyuo, who killed himself, could be an abnormal and antisocial character. Huyuo`s dramatic change from `Victim` to `Tyrant and Killer` was resulted from the fact that he didn`t have a `guide` and he did not know the benefits of balance from coexistence of roles. Landy`s role model theory not only provides new viewpoints for analyzing characters in a drama but also enables drama therapy to be a practical remedy based on a drama. For the dramatherapy, we distinguished social role from dramatic role in relation to the actor: the latter on the fictitious stage, the former in a real world. The very important thing is the fact that the actor plays many social roles by means of aesthetic distance. And this also applies to the process of dramatherapy; the client not only acknowledges his roles in the society by playing various roles on a stage, but also he can acquire the ability of maintaining balance between himself with his own eyes and himself with others` view. In order to develope dramatherapy, one of various fields derived from drama, we need to pay more attention to drama itself as well as to apply other tools, such as sociology and psychology, for relating drama, fictious stage and society, real world.

Mito-Tempo Can Protect Against the Allergic Airway Inflammation through Reducing Mitochondrial ROS Generation

( So Ri Kim ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( Dong Im Kim ),( Yang Keun Rhee ),( Heung Bum Lee ),( Seoung Ju Park ),( Chi Ryang Chung ),( Seung Yong Park ),( Mi Ran Kang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-

Oxidative stress is well known to be implicated in the development of asthma. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major site of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and, at the same time, an important target for the damaging effects of ROS. Mito-Tempo is a specific mitochondrial ROS inhibitor and it is known to be associated with opening of mi-tochondrial permeability transition pore and inhibition of cell necroptosis or apoptosis. However, there is little information on the protective effects of Mito-Tempo on the inflammatory airway disorders including bronchial asthma and its acute exacerbation. We investigate the effects of Mito-tempo on the allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness using the mice sensitized with OVA and LPS and then challenged with OVA (OVALPS-OVA mice). The OVALPS-OVA mice showed the typical features of neutrophilic asthma; increased airway inflammatory cells, the pathologic changes, the increased levels of Th2 cytokines in lungs of OVALPS-OVA mice, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, and increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Interestingly, we found that in OVALPS-OVA mice, Mito-Tempo, a novel mitochondrial targeting agent significantly reduced the increases in inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial ROS generation, airway inflammation, and bron-chial hyperresponsiveness. These findings indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction including oxidative damage may be im-plicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and provide the therapeutic potential of a mitochondrial targeting agent, Mito-Tempo, for bronchial asthma.

특수연극놀이의 양상과 그 효과

박미리 [용인대학교 학생생활연구소] 2003 학생생활연구 Vol.11 No.-

The art education is more important in the 7th curriculum which accentuates the children's originality and self-control. Especially drama education. Because Drama education gives them the pleasure to 'play' in two senses --- doing a performance and amusing --- and has other arts in itself. Dramatherapy is a new part of drama education with different subjects and aims. That is very good for the physically and mentally handicapped children. Dramatherapy has several phases: Warm-up, Sense Training, Physical Presentation, Small Group Works, Drama playing and Arrangement. They learn in particular the body flexibility and the socialization through it. Drama Act is not only playing a role. The children understand the existence of the others with whom they live together and their situation clearly. Also the ability to express their thoughts in a body and words which means socialization. The self-confidence and the pleasure to play as well. The advance of science gives us more comfortable life but the mental disease at the same time. Drama education included dramatherapy will be one of the favorite curriculum in 21th Century in consequence.

《봄이 오면 산에 들에》의 극적 구조

박미리 龍仁大學校 2001 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

Choi, In-Hoon wrote many novels for a long time, but entered the world of drama later. So the major trends of studies about his works are divided into two parts ; novels and dramas. This essay is aimed to show the dramatic structure of his aesthetic world in the 《When spring comes in the hills and flelds》. As a result of analyzing the work, I knew that he enlarged the field of drama through renewing the convention about the stage directions. The brief results that I studied are below. 1.The writer thought that play is 'planned dream' thoroughly. So he intended the audience to experience the dream which he made up, and to have a chance to change by themselves. In order to accomplish that purpose, he enlarged the role of the stage directions in his works. The existing stage directions are assistant elements of drama, and do not have an effect on the audience. But in his works, those factors lead the atmosphere of full drama, and became main characters at last. 2.The scene of 'here and now' and that of 'there and before' overlapped on the stage. So the real place changed to a paradise, where all the features live well together. That is reflected in the writer's tragic world view. 3.The writer wanted to win the staff and cast over to his thoughts through his deep attention to the stage directions. That is the reason why his stage directions have a poetic rhythm. 4.To meet the intentional audience, the writer broke down the old long conventions, and invented the new one. Writers ought to pay an obligation to seek a possibility constantly. And that I called him a true writer by reason of above.

연극 교육의 치료 효과에 관한 연구

박미리 국어교육학회 2004 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

이 논문은 정신 지체 및 자폐아를 대상으로 한 연극교육을 통해서 얻어지는 치료 효과에 관한 연구이다. 우리나라에서 정신 지체를 비롯 한 특수교육 대상자는 4% 이상을 차지함에도 불구하고 아직 이들을 위한 다양한 치료 방법이 부족한 가운데 최근 들어서 음악과 미술 그리고 독서 치료가 현장에서 행해지고 있다. 이에 비해 연극 치료는 이제 처음 시작하는 단계에 있는데, 그 이유는 연극의 종합 예술로서의 성격에서 기인한다. 즉 연극은 하나의 독립된 예술로서보다는 이미 활성화되고 있는 음악, 미술, 무용 그리고 놀이 치료의 한 부분으로만 존재하는 등 독자적 영역으로서의 정체성을 확보하지 못하였던 것이다. 이처럼 초기 단계에 있는 연극 치료의 활성화를 기하기 위해 이 글에서는 정신 지체 장애아를 대상으로 한 연극 치료의 이론과 방법을 탐색하고 이를 실제로 두 집단의 장애아에게 적용시킴으로써 그 결과를 확인하였다. 이를 위해 우선 연극치료에는 심리 역학, 행동주의, 게슈탈트 심리학과의 연관성이 매우 중요함을 알아보았고, 연극과 심리학의 관계를 이야기와 행동의 측면에서 살펴보았다. 그리고 서구에서 적용되고 있는 수 제닝스와 로버트 랜디의 연극치료 이론을 근거로 정신지체아를 대상으로 한 연극치료의 방법을 모색하여 실행한 결과를 정리·검토하였다. 연극 치료는 신체적 질병보다는 정신적 질병을 겪는 환자를 대상으로 하는 것이 효과적이며, 그 이유는 연극이 지니는 극적 구조가 실제 삶의 구조와 동일하기 때문에 타인과 사회에 대한 인식의 변화를 가져올 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 사회성 발달을 주 교육 목적으로 하는 정신지체 장애아에게 있어서 연극은 가장 바람직한 예술 치료 방법이라고 할 수 있다. 이를 토대로 실제 행한 결과, 연극 치료는 무엇보다도 집단 작업으로 장기간 규칙적으로 반복되어야 하고, 공연으로 치료의 효과를 확인하는 것을 원칙으로 하여, 치료 대상자의 자발성과 상상력, 그리고 창의성을 이끌어낼 수 있는 프로그램으로 구성되는 것이 바람직하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 과정에서 가장 중요한 비중을 차지하는 것은 이야기 꾸미기, 즉 문학임을 알 수 있었다. 연극이 지금까지 다른 예술의 일부분으로서 많은 기여를 하였다면, 이제부터는 연극이 그 자체로서의 주체성을 회복하여야 할 것이다. 연극 교육이 음악, 미술 그리고 특히 문학에서 비롯되는 다채로운 방법들을 수용하여 행해진다면 그 치료 효과는 더 한층 증대될 것이 분명하다. This essay is a study aimed at the therapeutic value of Drama for the handicapped children. Dramatherapy is based upon the two origins of drama : ‘dran’-movement, fiction and mimesis, and ‘now and here’-the presence and the existence. Dramatherapy is more effective for the mental disease than for the physical illness, because the drama’s structure is the same as that of the life. Drama can bring the change to be a social existence. Drama is therefore the best of art-therapy for the mental handicapped children for whom we must educate the development of social flexibility. The ideas of mind’s dramatic structure and the dramatic progress EPR by Sue Jennings, being from the drama itself, can guide to analyse the cause of mental illness and to find the solution. The mind’s dramatic structure has four parts : guidance, technique, artist and hurt. Each of the handicapped children has their own lack. For example, the part of artist is more excessive than other parts for the autistic children. So the dramatic progress EPR is variable according to mind’s dramatic structure. We can prove that Dramatherapy has to be regularly done not individually but in group and that the theatre performance as final course reveals its results. The value of dramatherapy based upon the literary fiction is to promote the patient’s spontaneity, imagination and originality. Drama activity has a functional relation with the change of community. In the world changing fast and unconsciously dramatherapy may be not only one of some drama forms but also the most important ground of drama, because of its effects beyond expectation. That’s why we must develop many ways of dramatherapy instead of passive forms of drama education.

프랑스 초·중등학교 연극 교육의 현황

박미리 한국연극교육학회 2002 연극교육연구 Vol.8 No.-

C'est tre`s important de faire l'e´ducation artistique soit a` l'inte´rieur soit a` l'exte´rieur de l'e´cole pour devenir 'le meilleur citoyen' en France. Parmi laquelle se re´alise l'e´ducation the´a^trale aussi avec succes. Le cours du the´a^tre n'est pas encore une des disciplines re´gulie`res par le Ministe`re de l'Education Nationale Franc¸aise, mais un des cours que les e´le`ves peuvent choisir libreme.nt, c'est-a`-dire un Atelier d'Expression Artistique, et un Itine´raire De De´couverte. On pourrait y trouver un mode`le ide´al pour e´tablir notre e´ducation the´a^trale : le professeur et le texte. Ce ne sont pas Ies professeurs de l'e´cole qui se chargent du cours the´a^tral, mais les spe´cialistes du the´a^tre y compris du cirque meme. Il ne s'agit pas de faire des jeunes e´le`ves de futurs come´diens, mais de leur donner le gou^t et les moyens de de´couvrir l'art dramatique. Les professeurs comme les spe´cialistes pourraient aider les e´le`ves, progressivement et a` leur rythme, a` de´velopper un langage clair, pre´cis et structure´, a` affirmer leur volonte´ et leurs ide´es, a` contro^ler leur timidite´ et a` mieux mai^triser les re`gles de l'e´coute, du regard, du geste et du contact. Les textes varie´s du the´a^tre aussi les conduisent a` faire des exercices the´a^trales vives et utiles. II y a trois sortes de textes the´a^traux : des pie`ces de the´a^tre dans le texte du franc¸ais, des textes recommande´s par le Centre National de Documentation Pe´dagogique et des textes prive´s comme collection spectacles chez Actes Sud Junior. Les pie`ces de the´a^tre dans le texte de franc¸ais aident les e´le`ves a` comprendre le monde artificiel du stage, c'est-a`-dire les intentions du metteur en sce`ne, les blocking des acteurs, etc.. Les textes par le CNDP en 2001 sont six : pour pratiquer, connai^tre le the´a^tre, de´couvrir la cre´ation the´a^trale, connai^tre les oeuvres et les auteurs, croiser les approches et les arts du cirque. Ces diversite´s des textes se re´unissent au celui d'audio-visuel pour re´aliser l'expe´rience the´a^trales des e´le^ves. Les textes prive´s chez Actes Sud Junior sont tre`s utiles a` l'apprentissage des gestes et des expressions du corps pour les e´le`ves, au de´veloppement de la capacite´ cre´atrice de l'imagination et a` la progression de leurs sociabilite´s en fin de compte. Le monde the´a^tral est essentiellement celui de la fiction. II nous faut faire des exercices de techniques affecte´es pour comprendre la re´alite´ a` travers 1e monde de la fiction. Le professeurs comme les spe´cialistes the´a^trales et les textes varie´s d'audio-visuel nous conduiront a` l'expe´rience du monde artificiel a` trois dimensions. Avec tout cela, "la fleur de l'illusion produirait le fruit de la re´alite´" pour les e´le`ves.

여대생들의 SNS와 소통 : 서울여자대학교 재학생의 Twitter 및 Facebook 활용을 중심으로

박미현,전유리,김유솔,신윤지,노승용 서울여자대학교 2010 여성연구논총 Vol.25 No.-

This study focuses on the characteristics of communication by such social network service (SNS) as Twitter and Facebook. In order to achieve the goal of this study, interview to students in Seoul Women's University was introduced to figure out such communicative behavior using SNS as frequency, motivation, purposes, and effects of SNS. The interview results show that students in Seoul Women's University have strong desire to communicate each other and SNS is one of digital mechanism to enhance their communication. Also, the results point out that interviewees communicative behavior using SNS can be categorized into two types of communication, network- oriented communication to promote friendship and fact-oriented communication to collect and share information. Moreover, interviewees indicate that SNS has both positive and negative (for example, privacy and security, time-consuming, false information, and addiction) aspects, as a results, users' self-control and digital competency should be improved. 소통은 인간 사회의 핵심 가운데 하나이다. 인간은 다른 사람들과 소통하고 싶어 한다. 즉, 상대방에 대해 알고 싶어 하는 동시에 자신을 알리고 싶어 하는 욕구를 가지고 있다. 인간의 소통에 대한 욕구를 충족시키는 방법은 시대의 발전에 따라 변화해왔다. 수천년 전부터 인류는 직접 만나서 언어로서 서로의 감정을 표현하고 정보를 교환하며 지내왔다. 즉, 이 시기에는 소통에서의 시간적․공간적 제약이 존재하였다. 그러나, 문자와 종이가 발명되면서 인류는 소통에서의 시간적․공간적 제약을 극복하기 시작하였다. 인류의 소통은 전화의 발명으로 한발 더 나아가게 되었으며, 디지털 혁명은 인간에게 시간적․공간적 제약을 뛰어넘는 소통을 가능하게 해 주었다. Bill Gates가 “PC는 인간이 만든 도구 중 인간에게 가장 많은 권한을 부여하는 도구라고 자신있게 말할 수 있다. PC는 소통의 도구, 창의력의 도구이며 사용자가 직접 만들어 나갈 수 있다(I think it's fair to say that personal computers have become the most empowering tool we've ever created. They're tools of communication, they're tools of creativity, and they can be shaped by their user.)”라고 주장한 바와 같이, PC와 인터넷의 급속한 발전으로 시발된 디지털 혁명은 인간의 소통에도 20세기 후반에는 상상도 할 수 없었던 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 소위 제 3의 물결(Toeffler, 1980)이라 불리는 정보화 시대의 물결을 타고 현대인들의 소통에 대한 욕구를 더욱 더 편리하게 발현 할 수 있도록 하는 수단의 변화를 가져왔다. 현 시대의 사람들이 행하는 소통의 행태는 전통적인 소통의 방법과 디지털 네트워크의 소통방법이 함께 어우러져 행해지는 모습을 보이고 있고, 이와 더불어 인터넷 등을 통한 가상 커뮤니케이션의 방법으로도 이루어지고 있다. 그리고 디지털 네트워크 기술 발전에 따른 해당 시스템의 이용자가 증가하고 있으며, 관련 시스템이나 모바일 어플리케이션도 지속적으로 개발되어 유통되고 있다. 이러한 디지털 네트워크 발전 속에서 Social Network Service(이하 SNS)가 새롭게 등장했다. 정보기기와 해당 시스템의 발전으로, 면대면 형식의 소통을 벗어나 SNS를 통한 온라인상의 소통이 가능하게 되었고, 이는 다른 소통의 방법보다 상대적으로 편리함을 제공하여 SNS 이용자들에게 폭발적인 반응을 불러일으켰다. 2010년 초 미국에서 처음 쓰이기 시작한 신조어로 ‘TGIF’가 있다. ‘TGIF’는 트위터, 구글, 아이폰, 페이스북 등 스마트 열풍의 진원지라 할 수 있는 네 가지 서비스를 통칭하는 표현이다. TGIF가 급속히 확산된 지난 2년간 세계인들은 정치․경제․사회․문화 모든 면에서 큰 변화를 겪었다. 2008년 당선된 미국의 오바마 대통령은 세계 최초의 트위터 대통령이라 할만하며, 2011년 초에 발생한 튀니지의 ‘재스민 혁명’과 이집트의 ‘키파야 혁명’ 또한 ‘TGIF’의 소산이었다. 오바마 대통령의 당선 이후 유튜브 정치(YouTube Politics)란 용어가 탄생하였고, 2011년 1월 26일 미국 오바마 대통령의 연두교서는 유튜브를 통해 세계에 생중계 되었다. 이러한 정치 분야에서의 소통 뿐만 아니라 기업이 직접 SNS계정을 만들어 네트워크상에서 자신의 고객과의 소통을 하는 기업이라는 조직 대 개인의 소통도 증가하고 있다. KT나 삼성 등의 대기업 등은 SNS를 이용한 고객과의 소통을 통해 기업이미지 제고와 고객과의 친밀함을 시도하고 있는 것은 이미 주위에서 많이 볼 수 있다.

초·중등학교 연극 교과서 개발 방안에 관한 고찰

박미리 한국연극교육학회 2003 연극교육연구 Vol.9 No.-

This essay is a study aimed at developing the drama textbook in primary, middle and high school. Dramatic methods were so much included in other curriculum Korean, Music, Gymnastics, Domestic affairs, etc. - that we could not see the necessity of the drama education in school. Drama is one of the most desirable curriculums which is needed for the dynamic society in 21st century. For this, we need to develop ideal drama textbooks in positive ways by looking into drama textbooks in France. What a drama textbook needs for the most, is emphasizing 'acting' and 'imitating', which are the essence of theater arts, and it is more desirable if constructed by 'acting drama directly', and 'seeing a theater'. Being closely connected with scene of performance, well organization of performance data, activation of theater arts aimed at education, and development of many kinds of drama textbook connected with real life should be accomplished in order to achieve the ideal drama textbook. If professional teachers as actors are trained, existing teachers are reeducated, and drama education is discussed actively, theater arts will rise as a subject exactly corresponding to the purpose of the 7th education process, which puts a high value upon the learner's spontaneity and originality. Although the modern convenience is giving us more comfortable lives, the quality of human life is becoming poorer. However, drama can offer our children the space to enjoy playing together. The reason for teaching dramas in schools is not to make students actors in the future. It is to teach them their tastes and methods in discovering dramas. It should be started as early as in elementary schools at any cost.

Zinc protoporphyrin과 다양한 용매조건이 MTT formazan의 발색 안정성에 미치는 영향

박경아,최유미,최현아,김미리,김현정,홍정일 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.23 No.-

An assay method using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide (MTT) is commonly utilized for analyzing cell viability. In this method, MTT tetrazolium is converted to formazan by mitochondrial reductase of viable cells. The formzan formed is, however, not stable; the stability is affected by various factors. In the present study, effects of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and different solvents on color response of formazan dye were investigated. MTT formazan was stable under dark; light enhanced the color degradation of formazan. ZnPP induced rapid degradation of formazan under light condition in DMSO solution. Decolorization of formazan was faster in aqueous solvents, including distilled water, HCl as well as Triton X-100 solution. Formazan dye was most unstable in HCl (0.1 N) regardless of light or presence of ZnPP. Color response of formazan dye in NaOH (0.1 N) was enhanced by ~2 folds as compared to one in DMSO. MTT formazan was stable in this condition; the color change was less than 10% even under light during 2 hr. ZnPP, however, induced rapid decolorizaion of formazan dissolved in NaOH under light. H2O2, an oxidizing agent, did not affect color response of MTT formazan. The present results suggest that various factors could affect the color response of MTT formazan, which needs to be considered carefully in MTT assay. Key words:MTT tetrazolium, formazan, zinc protoporphyrin, cell viability, sodium hydroxide.

Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamics and Hematological Aspects Following Scuba Diving at 5 Meters of Seawater

Park, Mi-Ri-Nae,Hyun, Kyung-Yae,Moon, Seong-Min,Kim, Yun-Tae,Kim, Dae-Sik,Kang, Shin-Beum,Choi, Seok-Cheol The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Scien 2008 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.14 No.4

The present study was designed to clarify whether scuba diving at 5 meters of seawater influences cerebral hemodynamics, hematological and biochemical variables. Twenty healthy young men well trained scuba diving participated in this study. The blood flow velocity in the right and left middle cerebral arteries (L-MCAV and R-MCAV), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), CBC and differential count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), biochemical variables, D-dimer and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were determined before, immediately after scuba diving for 30 min, and after 30 min of rest (Pre-scuba, Scuba and R-30m, respectively). L-MCAV and R-MCAV tended to increase, but the only significant increase was in L-MCAV in Scuba. SBP and HR significantly declined in R-30m compared with those of Pre-scuba and the Scuba. IL-8 levels were elevated in Scuba and R-30m compared with that of Pre-scuba. In Scuba and R-30m, hematological variables except PT and biochemical parameters excluding glucose and lactic acid did not significantly changed in comparison with those of Pre-scuba. PT level at Scuba and glucose level at R-30m significantly declined in Scuba, while lactate level at R-30m increased compared with each in Pre-scuba. However, PT level at Scuba was within a normal range. These results suggest that scuba diving at 5 m of seawater for 30 min has no adverse effects, is safe and useful for improving health. However, further study must be performed to clarify the mechanism of elevated IL-8 level following scuba diving.