복합레진 수복시 와동의 크기 및 수복 방법이 교두 굴곡에 미치는 영향

이미라,이인복,석창인,이상탁,엄정문 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.6

The aim of this study was to measure the cusp deflection during composite restoration for MOD cavity in premolar and to examine the influence of cavity dimension, C-factor and restoration method on the cusp deflection. Thirty extracted maxillary premolar were prepared to four different sizes of MOD cavity and divided into six groups. The width and depth of the cavity were as follows. Group 1; 1.5 × 1 ㎜, Group 2; 1.5 × 2 ㎜, Group 3; 3 × 1 ㎜, and Group 4-6; 3 × 2 ㎜ respectively. Group 1-4 were restored using bulk filling method with Z-250 composite. However, Group 5 was restored incrementally, and Group 6 was restored with an indirect resin inlay. The cusp deflection was recorded at the buccal and lingual cusp tips using LVDT probe for 10,000 seconds. The measured cusp deflections were compared between groups, and the relationship between the cube of the length of cavity wall/the cube of the thickness of cavity wall (L³ / T³), C-factor and cusp deflection or %flexure (100 × cuspal deflection / cavity width) was analyzed. The cusp deflection of Group 1-4 were 12.1 ㎛, 17.2 ㎛, 16.2 ㎛ and 26.4 ㎛ respectively. The C-factor was related to the %flexure rather than the cusp deflection. There was a strong positive correlationship between the L³ / T³ and the cusp deflection. The cusp deflection of Group 5 and 6 were 17.4 ㎛ and 17.9 ㎛ respectively, which are much lower value than that of Group 4.

중등 교사의 융복합교육 연수 만족도 및 요구 조사

주미경,문종은,박모라 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2013 교과교육학연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 융복합교육 교사연수 프로그램에 참여한 경험이 있는 교사를 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 융복합교육에 대한 현장 교사의 준비도와 현재 시행되고 있는 융복합교육 관련 교사 연수 프로그램에 대한 현장 교사의 만족도 및 요구를 조사하였다. 설문 조사 결과, 융복합교육 준비도에 대하여 현장교사의 평가 수준이 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 교사들이 융복합교육 준비도에 대하여 가장 낮은 평가를 한 것은 ‘융복합교육의 특성을 반영한 수업 설계’와 ‘교사 및 전문가 집단과의 협력적 관계속에서 융복합교육 실천’ 항목이었다. 중등 수학교사들의 경우 준비도 평가 수준이 중등 과학교사의 준비도 평가 수준보다 낮게 나타나고 있어서 중등 수학교사들이 융복합교육 실천에 대하여 상대적으로 더 많은 어려움을 느끼고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 수학교사의 융복합교육 역량 강화를 위한 연수 개선이 시급하다는 점을 시사한다. 특히 중등 수학교사는 융복합교육실행에 필요한 교육과정 범위와 계열에 대한 지식 및 교육과정 재구성, 그리고 융복합교육의 교수-학습 지원에 활용가능한 자원에 대한 지식이 부족하다고 평가하여 수학교사의 융복합교육 전문성 향상을 위하여 교육과정과 교과 내용 측면과 연결된 연수가 보강되어야 할 필요성을 보여주었다. 교사들의 연수 만족도는 보통 수준으로 나타났으며 교사의 만족도 평가가 학생에 대한 지식에 대하여 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이는 융복합교육이 학생의 개별성과 다양성을 고려하는 교육을 지향한다는 점을 고려할 때 이에 대한 교사 연수의 개선이 필요하다는 것을 보여준다. 연수 만족도 수준에서도 수학교사의 연수 만족도가 중등 과학교사의 연수 만족도 수준보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 융복합교육 교사연수 프로그램에 대한 교사 요구 분석 결과는 교육 내용의 현장 적합성과 융복합교육에 관련된 다양한 교육전문가 사이의 협력을 가능하게 하는 네트워크 활용 방안에 대한 탐색이 효과적인 융복합교육 교사연수 프로그램 개발에서 핵심적인 요소로 다루어져야함을 보여주었다. 본 연구 결과는 현장 교사의 융복합교육에 대한 준비도와 연수 만족도를 향상하기 위한 방안탐색이 요구됨을 보여주고 있으며 이를 위해 기존 연수 프로그램의 교육 내용 및 운영 방법에 대한 체계적인 분석을 비롯하여 연수에 참여하는 교사들을 대상으로 심층적인 질적 탐구를 통한 원인분석이 후속 연구로 이루어져야할 것이다. This study investigated factors involved in designing an in-service teacher education program that would enhance teachers’ competence for Yungbokhap education. The researchers administered a survey questionnaire to discover the teachers’ evaluation of their competence in teaching in class based on Yungbokhap education, and their opinion of the in-service teacher education program to develop teachers’ competence in Yungbokhap education. The analysis indicated that the content of the in-service teacher education programs need to be relevant to the teachers’ practice of Yungbokhap education in the context of the school level. Moreover, in-service teacher education programs need to be based on the work of a solid network of diverse types of education specialists who share their professional knowledge of Yungbokhap education. Finally, Yungbokhap education needs to be conceptualized to provide a solid foundation for the development of an appropriate in-service teacher education program for Yungbokhap education.

性敎育이 女高生의 性에 對한 知識 및 態度에 미친 效果

정문숙,방미라 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1991 慶北醫大誌 Vol.32 No.2

본 조사는 인문계 여고생 2학년에게 연구자가 정규적으로 주1시간 총 24시간에 걸쳐 성교육을 지침서에 의거, 실시하고 1학년과 교육을 주지 않은 2학년 여고생과 비교하여 성에 대한 지식 및 태도에 준 효과를 설문지를 배부 후 회수하여 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상은 경남 지역 1개교 542명을 교육군으로, 1학년 164명 그리고 비교육군 2학년 972명을 대상으로 하였으며 설문기간은 1988년 12월 21일부터 23일까지 3일간이었다. 대상 여학생의 70.8%는 부모와 성문제를 상담하지 않았으며, 98.5%가 성교육이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 적절한 성교육 시기로 전체의 56.0%가 중학교라고 응답했으며 성지식의 출처로 선생님으로부터가 교육군의 30.1%인데 비해 비교육군은 19.1%로 양군간 유의한 차를 보였다(p<0.01). 성에 관련된 인간의 해부 생리 및 2차 성징, 성병, 피임 및 임신 생리 등의 지식의 정도를 1학년의 평균치를 기준으로 보았을 때 교육군은 평균치 이상인 여고생이 100.0%이었고 비교육군에 비해(54.3%, 76.3%, 75.1%) 유의하게 높은 비율이었다(p<0.01). 성에 대한 긍정적 태도, 혼전 성관계와 인공유산에 대한 바른 태도 및 가족계획 슬로건에 대한 긍정적 태도는 교육군과 비교육군간 찬성유무 및 생각해 본 일이 없다는 무관심 유무에서 유의한 차를 나타냈다(p<0.05, p<0.01). 고등학교 시절의 이성교제, 이성교제에 대한 지식, 친구, 부모, 선생님과의 자유로운 대화에 대한 찬성율이 교육군과 비교육군간 유의한 차(p<0.05, p<0.01)가 있었으며 생각해 본 일이 없다는 항목은 비교육군이 교육군보다 유의하게 높았다. This study was attempted to assess the effects of a long term regular sex education on the knowledge about anatomy and physiology of human reproductive organs and the attitude toward sex of second grade high school girls. The study population included 1,678 high school girls(542 educated second grade grils, 972 not educated second grade girls and 164 pre-educated first grade girls) attending in 3 high schools located in Kyungnam province. The data was collected by guestionnaire to assess knowledge of sexual anatomy and physiology and the attitude toward sex from 21 to 24 December 1988. The results were as follows: Most of students(educated group 99.3%, not educated group 98.1%) agreed to necessity of sex education. Among students 70.8% did not talk about their sexual problems with their parents and 30.1% of educated group obtained sexual knowledge from their teachers. There were significant differences between level of knowledge on anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs, secondary growth spurt, VD, pregnancy and contraceptives of educated group and not educated group(p<0.01). There was significant difference between positive attitude about sexual intercourse before marriage, artificial abortion and family planning slogan of educated group and not educated group(p<0.05, p<0.01). There were significant differences between degree of agreement about acquaintance with the other sex, knowledge of acquaintance with the other sex, talk freely with friend, parent and teacher of educated group and not educated group(p<0.05, 0<0.01). Statistics revealed that high school girls of not educated group had less knowledge about acquaintance with the other sex than educated group(p<0.01).

사회과를 통한 비판적 사고력 훈련이 비판적 사고력 및 학업성취도에 미치는 효과

황희숙,문미라 釜慶大學校 2002 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of embedding approach to teach thinking skills on critical thinking and academic achievement. In embedding approach, critical thinking skills are taught in the context of a subject matter, rather than in isolation. Subjects of this study were 140 middle school 2nd grade students in Busan, Korea who were randomly assigned to two experimental and two control groups. The experimental groups had received critical thinking instruction in a period of 15 weeks. They had received critical thinking instruction by introducing critical thinking skills concurrent with social studies. Control groups were given traditional lessons only by the method of lecture. Students were given Cornell Critical Thinking Test, Inventory of Thinking Disposition, and Academic Achievement Test as pre- and post test measures. T test and ANCOVA were used to analyze data. The results of this study showed that embedding approach to teach critical thinking skills turned out to have a positive influence on critical thinking and academic achievement.

전국 10개 종합병원 중환자실 환자의 직장내 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE) 보균율, 보균의 위험요인 및 유전적 다양성 조사

정희진,송준영,엄중식,김우주,최선주,최정현,이혁,정문현,이광미,신동현,손보라,최종성,우흥정,권정아,이경원,최강원,박승철 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5

Ameliorative Eeffects of Wild Pear Extracts (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) on Bowel Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis Mice

Mi Ra Lee(이미라),Bo Hye Kim(김보혜),Moon Jin Ra(라문진),Nam Kuk Kim(김남국),Yong Jun Lee(이용준) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

간이식 환자에서의 영양지원

문미라 ( Mi Ra Moon ),이남준 ( Nam Joon Yi ) 한국정맥경장영양학회 2012 한국정맥경장영양학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Malnutrition is common in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation. It has been associated with a high risk of postoperative complications and mortality rates in patients undergoing surgery. Studies have shown that nutrition therapy may improve the clinical outcomes in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation. This study focuses on the role of nutrition support, including immunonutrition such as branched-chain amino acids and n-3 fatty acid, vitamins and long-term consideration of nutritional status. (JKSPEN 2013;5(1):20-23).

1950~1960년대 북한의 ‘혁명전통’ 확립과정과 역사인식의 변화

문미라(Moon Mi-ra) 한국역사연구회 2021 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.119

The purpose of this study is to historically analyze how North Korea’s ‘revolutionary tradition’ was ‘discovered’ and settled in the 1950s and 1960s, when the anti-Japanese armed struggle began to be deified as the ‘revolutionary tradition’ in North Korea. In order to restore Kim Il Sung’s anti-Japanese armed struggle as the only ‘revolutionary tradition’ North Korea sent investigation teams to investigate and collect related relics and artifacts while traveling to sites where Kim Il Sung staged the anti-Japanese armed struggle. In particular, in May 1959, a research team visited Yanbain, which was the main stage of Kim Il Sung’s activities, and explored more than 200 historic sites over a long period of five months. The performance of the team was actively promoted to North Koreans through exhibitions and publications of records on the expeditions. The restoration of North Korea’s domestic revolutionary sites and museums was also carried out, making the Bochonbo and Yanggang areas where Kim Il Sung’s actual combat activities took place a place of ‘revolutionary tradition,’ while the Bochonbo Museum and other museums served as schools of ‘revolutionary tradition’ culture. As invention of the history and creation of spatial sculptures were the contents of the ‘revolutionary tradition,’ these had to be used to promote the ‘revolutionary tradition.’ North Korea organized field trips and marches to anti-Japanese war sites with students and young people in order to promote them as part of sports activities focused on ‘playfulness’. Encouraging North Korean people to study Memoir and commemorate ‘revolutionary tradition,’ which had swept the entire North Korean society since 1959, played a crucial role in the everyday of people. As North Korea attached the meaning of ‘revolutionary tradition’ to Kim Il Sung’s anti-Japanese armed struggle from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, the direction of history description and education was bound to change accordingly. History of Korean National Liberation Struggle (1958) and History of Korean Modern Revolution Movement (1961) that were written based on ‘revolutionary tradition’ defined Kim Il Sung’s armed struggle against Japan as the only ‘revolutionary tradition.’ Such changes in history description were reflected in history education in schools. Teachers had to educate their students that all the anti-Japanese armed struggles were done to prepare for founding the Party after liberation. In addition, from a much earlier period than other units, ‘Research Group for Educating People about Kim Il Sung’s Revolutionary Activities’ was established in education field to train students into human being that embodied the ‘revolutionary tradition.’

Antibacterial Effects of Streptococcus Salivarius K12 on Oral Bacteria

Yun-Mi Moon,Jung-Eun Moon,Mi-Ra Lee,Ja-Won Cho 대한예방치과학회 2016 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.12 No.4

Objective: For the purpose of this study is to study the antibacterial effects of probiotics S. salivarius K12 on oral bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans). Methods: The antimicrobial activity of eight oral bacteria and S. salivarius K12 tests were performed. S. salivarius K12 culture medium and A. actinomycetemcomitans, A. naeslundii, E. feacalis, F. nucleatum, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, S. gordonii S. mutans culture alone turbid liquid and mixed, and then the incubator at 37oC in anaerobic conditions and cultured 36 hours. The oral bacteria and S. salivarius K12 using a phase contrast microscope, and the state was observed with bacterial contamination, using a spectrophotometer was an antibacterial test. Results: S. salivarius K12 showed antibacterial effects proportional to the injection amount increase for above certain concentrations on Actinobacillus atinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Enterococcus faecalis, pophyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus Streptococcus mutans. S. salivarius K12 increased the growth of germs in a condition of low concentration of Fusobaterium nucleatum, pophyromonas endodontalis, but showed antibacterial effects proportional to the injection amount increase for above certain concentrations. Conclusion: Based on the experiment results of probiotics S. salivarius K12 on the oral bacteria causing oral cavity, S. salivarius K12 showed antibiosis against oral bacteria when it remains inside the mouth for above certain concentrations. Accordingly, it is thought that it would be effective to use S. salivarius K12 as a clinical method of preventing oral cavity.

북한 조국보위후원회의 설립과 활동

문미라(Moon, Mi-ra) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2018 군사 Vol.- No.109

Patriotic Supporter Association (PSA) was established on July 15, 1949, with the aim of supporting the North Korean People"s Army. The establishment of PSA is closely related to the 38-line military conflict that began in 1949 and to the war preparation strategy of North Korea. What North Korea sought in preparation for the Korean War was the militarization of the whole society, and consequently, the government needed a full-scale social mobilization group that encompasses a wide range of masses. Unlike the propaganda of North Korea, organizing PSA at a local level did not proceed very well. However, PSA prepared for war by taking the lead in raising funds for airplanes, tanks and ships and spreading military knowledge, including military training. Due to the mobilization system established at the forefront by PSA, North Korea was able to rapidly switch to the wartime mobilization system as soon as the war broke out. Since the beginning of the war, PSA supported various wartime activities of North Korea in accordance with the demands for the war. In a meantime, PSA further advanced its pre-war tasks of the military supporting role toward direct military functions, and also entered into a new area of sanitation business. Moreover, PSA successfully completed the patriotic supporter lottery ticket project in order to raise funds to perform war, using its experiences in the pre-war fundraising campaigns for airplanes, tanks and ships. In the process, the North Korean citizens settled into the new routine of lives to demonstrate their own patriotism to their country by buying lottery tickets.