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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : ( Masato Yamada ) (검색결과 74 건)
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IS-27 : Compilation of Physical Input-output Table for Describing Regional Biomass Flow
( Masato Yamada ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Koichi Tachio ),( Taku Fujiwara ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-
In the sustainable society, the recycling of resources should achieve the preservation of regional and global environment and should be coordinated with regional agricultural and industrial activities. Especially for waste biomass resources, it will be supplied or discharged by multiple industries as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, manufacturing, commerce and living, and will be demanded by multiple purposes as foods, supplements, feeds, fertilizers, industrial materials and fuels. Therefore, waste biomass flows connecting these supplies to demands will be extremely complex. In order to judge the effectiveness of introducing technologies for recycling, a comprehensive framework, which can estimate impacts of technologies on regional material cycles and regional and global environment, is need. For this purpose, we are developing a physical input-output table (PIOT) for describes complex material flows of waste biomass, water and their constituents (e.g. carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) in a region by integration of quantity data. This PIOT sets not only industries but also activities on recycling, waste disposal and wastewater handling in detail as sectors. Import and export between regions, and emissions to environment are also set in the table. Applying content rates of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to mass flows of each item, elemental flows of those are accounted for estimating emission to water (as organic pollutant and nutrients) and atmosphere (as greenhouse gas) from the whole system. The energy consumed by activity in each sector is also accounted for estimating greenhouse gas emission. Another originality of this PIOT is that physical data obtained from relevant statistics will be directly integrated to values in the table. As a case study, we are surveying the waste biomass flow at the Kochi prefecture, Japan. Administrative information on industrial waste was acquired from the Kochi Prefecture and the Kochi City with their cooperation. For municipal waste, annual survey on municipal solid waste business by the ministry of the environment was used. For by-product, generation amount, sort, composition and usage of biomass waste were surveyed by hearing, sampling and questionnaire at recyclers of biomass waste. Amounts of generation, recycling and disposal of each biomass waste item, disposal method and municipality were built up from these reports and survey. Using above information, flows of each lot (the annual generation an item of waste from a source) of biomass waste from generation via treatment to disposal or reuse were compiled in the database and set into the PIOT. The current biomass PIOT for Kochi Prefecture is shown in Figure. This table shows weight of materials as wet basis. The 1.43 × 108 tons/year of total demand and the 1.34 × 108 tons/year of total supply were accounted at this time. The difference between demand and supply would mainly be resulted from unrecorded flows in our database, especially on supply of water from the waterworks and the natural water, and the biomass production. We will survey constituents of carbon and nutrients in materials and expand our PIOT to depict the substance flows of elements, in order to estimate quality and quantities of emissions.
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Yamada, Ikuhiro,Matsuyama, Masato,Ozaka, Masato,Inoue, Dai,Muramatsu, Yusuke,Ishii, Hiroshi,Junko, Ueda,Ueno, Makoto,Egawa, Naoto,Nakao, Haruhisa,Mori, Mitsuru,Matsuo, Keitaro,Nishiyama, Takeshi,Ohkaw Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1
Background: We aimed to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms in tobacco carcinogen-metabolizing genes and their interactions with smoking in a hospital-based case-control study of Japanese subjects. Materials and Methods: We examine the associations of pancreatic cancer risk with genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1, phase II enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of toxic and carcinogenic electrophilic molecules. The study population consisted of 360 patients and 400 control subjects, who were recruited from several medical facilities in Japan. Unconditional logistic regression methods were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between genotypes and pancreatic cancer risk. Results: Among the control subjects, the prevalence of the GSTM1-null genotype and the GSTT1-null genotype was approximately 56% and 48%, respectively. Cases and controls were comparable in terms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype distributions. Neither of the deleted polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 was associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, with an age- and sex-adjusted OR of 0.99 (95%CI: 0.74-1.32) for the GSTM1-null genotype, and 0.98 (95%CI: 0.73-1.31) for the GSTT1-null genotype. The OR was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.64-1.47) for individuals with the GSTM1 and GSTT1-null genotypes compared with those with the GSTM1 and GSTT1- present genotypes. No synergistic effects of smoking or GST genotypes were observed. Conclusions: Our results indicate no overall association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer risk in the Japanese subjects in our study.
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2D Droplet Size and Velocity Analysis of a Fan-Shaped Spray Using Ilids Method
( Masato Yamada ),( Chang Seong Ryu ),( Yasuo Moryoshi ),( Ryo Uchida ),( Masato Kubota ),( Masahide Takagi ) 한국액체미립화학회 2005 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-
DI (direct injection) systems have been studied to improve thermal efficiency of gasoline engines. The analysis of spray behavior is important to examine the combustion characteristics of DI gasoline engines because fuel-air mixture formation is controlled by spray characteristics and gas motion. In this study, the characteristics of a fan-shaped spray, such as the droplet size, its velocity and the droplet-size distribution were simultaneously measured on a 2D plane by using an improved ILIDS (Interferometric Laser Imaging for Droplet Sizing) method. As a result, interesting relationships between the droplets diameter and the velocity were found. In addition, numerical analysis of a fan-shaped spray was conducted and the results were compared to the measured results. In numerical analysis, the nozzle internal flow was predicted by using VOF (Volume of Fluid) model that can simulate the two-phase flow inside the nozzle to give the liquid film formation process outside the nozzle. Using the results of VOF model for the initial conditions, numerical analysis of the spray by DDM (Discrete Droplet Model) was carried out to examine the droplets breakup process. As a result, SMD has become small with going away from the nozzle center section that is the same tendency as the experiment.
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Leaching of Radio-cesium and Other Elements from Cement Solidified MSWI-APC Residues
( Masato Yamada ),( Kazuto Endo ),( Masahiro Sato ),( Satoshi Obokata ),( Tokichiro Yamaguchi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2014 No.1
The cement solidification is a method to dispose waste containing hazardous substances, such as heavy metals and radionuclides. Recently, cement solidified waste landfills for municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) ash and their air pollution control (APC) residues have been operated in Japan. Also, the radio actively contaminated off-site waste caused by the accident of the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant at above a certain level should be disposed to landfill after solidified by cement. The land disposal of cement solidified waste can provide a containment structure to waste itself in the initial and control fluxes of pollutants to environment in the longer term. Test pieces of cement solidified MSWI-APC residues were made under actual landfill conditions and their leachability of pollutants and structural strength were investigated. Two kinds of MSWI-APC residues were tested. One (hot sample) is APC residues from a MSWI ash melting plant and contaminated by radio-cesium. Another (cold sample) is APC residues from a fluidized bed MSWI. Agents of 6 hazardous inorganics and stable cesium were spiked to the latter one. Both APC residues had been treated by chelate agents at plants before sampling. Same amount of APC residues and the Portland blast-furnace cement class B were mixed at 19 to 38% of the water cement ratio. A certain portions of mixtures were injected to mold of 110 mm diameter, pressed at 0.03 to 25 ton/m<sup>2</sup>. These processes were repeated until height of test pieces raising to 300 mm. Formed test pieces were held in molds and pressed heads for 7 to 19 days. Demolded test pieces were cured for 7 to 28 days in the air. The uniaxial compressive strengths of cement solidified test pieces molded under 25 ton/m<sup>2</sup> were 22 to 71 N/mm<sup>2</sup>. Permeability coefficients of test pieces molded at 25 ton/m<sup>2</sup> were less than 1.59 ×10<sup>-12</sup> cm/sec. These were satisfied conditions in the structural landfill standard in Japan. The tank leaching test with stirring for hot samples showed that around 90% of radio-cesium was leached in 6 hours. Less than 4% of radio-cesium was leached from cement solidified test pieces of hot samples. Leaching ratios for test pieces of hot samples obtained by the tank leaching test without stirring for 32 day were 9 to 17%. Leaching ratios for test pieces of spiked cold samples obtained by same test were 0.002% for total mercury form pieces loaded at 0.003 and 3 ton/m2, 0.4% for cesium from pieces loaded at 0.003 ton/m<sup>2</sup> and less than 0.04% from pieces loaded at 3 and 25 ton/m<sup>2</sup>. All other substances were not detected in leachate. These results suggested that higher compaction would be effective to suppress leaching of substances from the cement solidified waste. Avoidance of contacting the naked surface of cement solidified waste to water would also be important to keep containment of hazardous materials in the waste. This study was partly supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (3K113015) of Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
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Compilation of Physical Input-output Table for Describing Regional Biomass Flow
Masato Yamada,Tomonori ISHIGAKI,Koichi Tachio,Taku Fujiwara 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.2
In the sustainable society, the recycling of resources should achieve the preservation of regional and global environment and should be coordinated with regional agricultural and industrial activities. Especially for waste biomass resources, it will be supplied or discharged by multiple industries as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, manufacturing, commerce and living, and will be demanded by multiple purposes as foods, supplements, feeds, fertilizers, industrial materials and fuels. Therefore, waste biomass flows connecting these supplies to demands will be extremely complex. In order to judge the effectiveness of introducing technologies for recycling, a comprehensive framework, which can estimate impacts of technologies on regional material cycles and regional and global environment, is need. For this purpose, we are developing a physical input-output table (PIOT) for describes complex material flows of waste biomass, water and their constituents (e.g. carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) in a region by integration of quantity data. This PIOT sets not only industries but also activities on recycling, waste disposal and wastewater handling in detail as sectors. Import and export between regions, and emissions to environment are also set in the table. Applying content rates of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to mass flows of each item, elemental flows of those are accounted for estimating emission to water (as organic pollutant and nutrients) and atmosphere (as greenhouse gas) from the whole system. The energy consumed by activity in each sector is also accounted for estimating greenhouse gas emission. Another originality of this PIOT is that physical data obtained from relevant statistics will be directly integrated to values in the table. As a case study, we are surveying the waste biomass flow at the Kochi prefecture, Japan. Administrative information on industrial waste was acquired from the Kochi Prefecture and the Kochi City with their cooperation. For municipal waste, annual survey on municipal solid waste business by the ministry of the environment was used. For by-product, generation amount, sort, composition and usage of biomass waste were surveyed by hearing, sampling and questionnaire at recyclers of biomass waste. Amounts of generation, recycling and disposal of each biomass waste item, disposal method and municipality were built up from these reports and survey. Using above information, flows of each lot (the annual generation an item of waste from a source) of biomass waste from generation via treatment to disposal or reuse were compiled in the database and set into the PIOT. The current biomass PIOT for Kochi Prefecture is shown in Figure. This table shows weight of materials as wet basis. The 1.43 × 108 tons/year of total demand and the 1.34 × 108 tons/year of total supply were accounted at this time. The difference between demand and supply would mainly be resulted from unrecorded flows in our database, especially on supply of water from the waterworks and the natural water, and the biomass production. We will survey constituents of carbon and nutrients in materials and expand our PIOT to depict the substance flows of elements, in order to estimate quality and quantities of emissions.
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