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Enzymatic Saccharification of Salix viminalis cv. Q683 Biomass for Bioethanol Production
Kim, Hak-Gon,Song, Hyun-Jin,Jeong, Mi-Jin,Sim, Seon-Jeong,Park, Dong-Jin,Yang, Jae-Kyung,Yoo, Seok-Bong,Yeo, Jin-Ki,Karigar, Chandrakant S.,Choi, Myung-Suk Institute of Forest Science 2011 Journal of Forest Science Vol.27 No.3
The possibility of employing biomass of Salix viminalis cv. Q683 as a resource of bio-energy was evaluated. The chemical analysis of S. viminalis cv. Q683 leaf biomass showed components such as, extractives (2.57%), lignin (39.06%), hemicellulose (21.61%), and cellulose (37.83%), whereas, its stem was composed of extractives (1.67%), lignin (23.54%), hemicellulose (33.64%), and cellulose (42.03%). The biomass of S. viminalis cv. Q683 was saccharified using two enzymes celluclast and viscozyme. The saccharification of S. viminalis cv. Q683 biomass was influenced by enzymes and their strengths. The optimal enzyme combination was found to be celluclast (59 FPU/g substrate) and viscozyme (24 FBG/g substrate). On saccharification the glucose from leaf and stem biomass was 7.5g/L and 11.7g/L, respectively after 72 hr of enzyme treatment. The biomass and enzyme-treated biomass served as the feedstock for ethanol production by fermentation. The ethanol production from stem and leaf biomass was 5.8 g/L and 2.2 g/L respectively, while the fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysates yielded 5 g/L to 8 g/L bioethanol in 72 hours.
Enzymatic Saccharification of Salix viminalis cv. Q683 Biomass for Bioethanol Production
Hak-Gon Kim,Hyun-Jin Song,Mi-Jin Jeong,Seon-Jeong Sim,Dong-Jin Park,Jae-Kyung Yang,Seok-Bong Yoo,Jin-Ki Yeo,Chandrakant S. Karigar,Myung-Suk Choi 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2011 Journal of Forest Science Vol.27 No.3
The possibility of employing biomass of Salix viminalis cv. Q683 as a resource of bio-energy was evaluated. The chemical analysis of S. viminalis cv. Q683 leaf biomass showed components such as, extractives (2.57%), lignin (39.06%), hemicellulose (21.61%), and cellulose (37.83%), whereas, its stem was composed of extractives (1.67%), lignin (23.54%), hemicellulose (33.64%), and cellulose (42.03%). The biomass of S. viminalis cv. Q683 was saccharified using two enzymes celluclast and viscozyme. The saccharification of S. viminalis cv. Q683 biomass was influenced by enzymes and their strengths. The optimal enzyme combination was found to be celluclast (59 FPU/g substrate) and viscozyme (24 FBG/g substrate). On saccharification the glucose from leaf and stem biomass was 7.5g/L and 11.7g/L, respectively after 72 hr of enzyme treatment. The biomass and enzyme-treated biomass served as the feedstock for ethanol production by fermentation. The ethanol production from stem and leaf biomass was 5.8 g/L and 2.2 g/L respectively, while the fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysates yielded 5 g/L to 8 g/L bioethanol in 72 hours.
Hwang, Hyeon Seok,Park, Mahn-Won,Yoon, Hye Eun,Chang, Yoon Kyung,Yang, Chul Woo,Kim, Suk Young,Cho, Jung Sun,Kim, Chan Joon,Park, Gyung-Min,Park, Chul-Soo,Choi, Yun-Seok,Koh, Yoon-Seok,Lee, Jong Min,S S. Karger AG 2014 American journal of nephrology Vol.40 No.4
<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background/Aims:</I></B> Atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexists with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk for AMI. However, the combined impact of CKD and AF on the mortality and morbidity in AMI population has not been determined. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Between January 2004 and December 2009, a total of 4,738 AMI patients were enrolled prospectively. Patients were divided into four groups according to the combined status of CKD and AF. The primary endpoint was a combination of 5-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). <B><I>Results:</I></B> The prevalence of AF was significantly higher in CKD patients than in non-CKD patients (6.76 vs. 3.31%, p < 0.001). The highest cumulative event rate of MACCE and death was observed in patients with both CKD and AF (68.5 and 64.0%), respectively. In multivariable analyses, compared with patients with neither AF nor CKD, hazard ratios (HR) for composite of MACCE were 1.66 (95% CI, 1.14-2.41), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.06-1.46), and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.42-3.13) for patients with AF only, those with CKD only, and those with both CKD and AF, respectively (p for interaction = 0.935). Patients with both CKD and AF had a greatest risk for all-cause mortality (HR 2.54; 95% CI, 1.60-4.53), and the significant synergistic interaction was observed between CKD and AF (p for interaction = 0.015). <B><I>Conclusion:</I></B> The combined effect of AF and CKD on the risk of MACCE after an AMI is stronger than any separate condition, and it confers a synergistic effect on the all-cause mortality risk.</P><P>© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool and Respiratory Samples in Dogs
Suk-Kyung Lim(Suk-Kyung Lim),Ye-Ji Kang(Ye-Ji Kang),Dong Chan Moon(Dong Chan Moon),Hyun-Ju Song(Hyun-Ju Song),Su-Jeong Kim(Su-Jeong Kim),Hyeon-Jeong Baek(Hyeon-Jeong Baek),Yoo-Jung Kim(Yoo-Jung Kim),S 한국예방수의학회 2022 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2022 No.-
TWO TYPES OF EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET BRIGHTENINGS IN AR 10926 OBSERVED BY<i>HINODE</i>/EIS
Lee, K.-S.,Moon, Y.-J.,Kim, Sujin,Choe, G. S.,Cho, Kyung-Suk,Imada, S. IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.736 No.1
<P>We have investigated seven extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings in the active region AR 10926 on 2006 December 2 observed by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on board the Hinode spacecraft. We have determined their Doppler velocities and non-thermal velocities from 15 EUV spectral lines (log T = 4.7-6.4) by fitting each line profile to a Gaussian function. The Doppler velocity maps for different temperatures are presented to show the height dependence of the Doppler shifts. It is found that the active region brightenings show two distinct Doppler shift patterns. The type 1 brightening shows a systematic increase of Doppler velocity from -68 km s(-1) (strong blueshift) at log T = 4.7 to -2 km s(-1) (weak blueshift) at log T = 6.4, while the type 2 brightenings have Doppler velocities in the range from -20 km s(-1) to 20 km s(-1). The type 1 brightening point is considered to sit in an upward reconnection outflow whose speed decreases with height. In both types of brightenings, the non-thermal velocity is found to be significantly enhanced at log T = 5.8 compared to the background region. We have also determined electron densities from line ratios and derived temperatures from emission measure loci using the CHIANTI atomic database. The electron densities of all brightenings are comparable to typical values in active regions (log N-e = 9.9-10.4). The emission measure loci plots indicate that these brightenings should be multi-thermal whereas the background is isothermal. The differential emission measure as a function of temperature shows multiple peaks in the EUV brightening regions, while it has only a single peak (log T = 6.0) in the background region. Using Michelson Doppler Imager magnetograms, we have found that the type 1 brightening is associated with a canceling magnetic feature with a flux canceling rate of 2.4 x 10(18) Mx hr(-1). We also found the canceling magnetic feature and chromospheric brightenings in the type 1 brightening from the Hinode SOT and Transition Region and Coronal Explorer data. This observation corroborates our argument that brightening is caused by magnetic reconnection in a low atmosphere.</P>
나덕렬,연병길,강연욱,민경복,이수현,이상숙,이미라,표옥정,박찬병,김선민,배상수,김동현,Na, Duk-L.,Yeon, Byeon-Gil,Kang, Yeon-Wook,Min, Kyung-Bok,Lee, Soo-Hyun,Lee, Sang-Suk,Lee, Mi-Ra,Pyo, Ok-Jung,Park, Chan-Byung,Kim, Sun-Mean,Bae, Sang-S 대한예방의학회 1999 예방의학회지 Vol.32 No.3
Objectives: In Korea, as in most countries, there will be a sharp increase in the number of dementia patients in the near future. However basic data on dementia prevalence, which is important in defining epidemiologic characteristics and in implementing preventive strategy, are limited. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate of dementia in the urban elderly aged 65 or older in Kwangmyung, Korea. Methods: A two phase design was used for case finding and case identification. In phase I, a representative sample aged 65 or older was selected and interviewed by door-to-door survey with a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). In phase II, Of the 946 subjects interviewed in phase 1,356 elderly were randomly selected disproportionately according to K-MMSE score. Of these elderly, 223 (61.5%) underwent standardized clinical evaluations, including psychiatric interview, neurological examination, and neuropsychological assessment. Dementia was diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was made by National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and feinted Disorders Association(NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria and vascular dementia (VD) by DSM-IV. Results: The overall weighted prevalence rate of all dementia among Kwangmyung residents aged 65 or older was 12,8%(age-adjusted rate: 13,0%, 95% Confidence Interval[CI]: 10.6-15.3%). Women had much higher prevalence rate than men even when age was controlled(15.9%[95% CI 12.6-19.2%] vs 7.5%[95% CI 4.0-10.4%]), The rates of dementia were 5.2%, 12.2%, 17.0%, and 34.3% for the age groups of 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and 80 and over, respectively. The rate of AD appeared to be slightly higher than that of VD(5.2% vs 4.8%), though not statistically significant. Most of the cases(69%) were mild dementia according to CDR(<1) in these subjects. Conclusions : These results showed that the prevalence rate of dementia among urban elderly in Korea appears to be higher than those of other Asian countries.