초등학생의 창의성 발달 경향 분석

이경화(Lee, Kyung hwa),최병연(Choi, Byung yeon) 한국영재교육학회 2012 영재와 영재교육 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 초등학생의 창의성 발달 경향을 분석하는데 있다. 창의성에 대한 기존 연구를 종합하여 창의성을 창의적 능력과 창의적 성격 영역으로 구분하고, 각 영역의 하위 요인들을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 전국 시도별로 편의 표집을 통해 초등학생(1-6년) 2,248명의 창의성을 측정하고 학년별 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과 창의적 능력 및 하위 요인(유창성, 융통성, 독창성, 상상력, 사고의 민감성, 정교성) 점수는 학년이 올라갈수록 높아지는 것으로 나타났지만 하위 요인에 따라 다른 발달 양상을 보였다. 반면, 창의적 성격 및 하위 요인(호기심, 민감성, 과제집착력, 유머, 독립/모험성, 문제해결 리더십) 점수는 학년이 올라갈수록 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 요인에 따라 다른 발달 경향을 보이는 것으로 밝혔다. 마지막으로 창의적 능력과 창의적 성격 점수를 합한 창의성은 학년 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었지만, 2학년 때 낮아지다가 상승한 다음, 다시 5학년 때 낮아졌다가 6학년 때 상 승하는 W자 형태의 발달 경향을 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구의 결과는 창의·인성교육에 기초한 초등학생들의 창의성 발달 경향에 관한 연구는 물론 초등학교 각 학년 특성에 적합한 창의성 교육 프로그램을 개발하는데 기여할 것이다. This study analyzed the developmental characteristics for creative ability and creative personality of elementary school students. The Korean Individual Creativity Test, developed by Kyung-Hwa Lee, was used to measure creativity. This test consists of two domains, creative abilities (flexibility, fluency, originality, elaboration, sensitivity to thinking) and creative personalities (curiosity, sensitivity, task commitment, humor, challenge, leadership of problem solving). Approximately 2,248 participants were selected all over the Korea. Developmental trends by grades was analyzed. This study demonstrated that the scores of creative thinking ability increased from the first grade to the sixth grade. There was no fourth grade slump as proposed by Torrance (1968). Rather, this result supported the increment view in creative thinking with age. Older children are supposed to be higher in creativity as their social experience and education training become broader. However, the scores of creative personality decreased from the first grade the sixth grade steadily in this study. As children get into higher grades, they are more likely to compare and evaluate with their peers. Also, they are under more peer pressure to confirm. These negative climates block the creative personality of the older students.

초등학생의 발달단계에 따른 창의적 능력과 창의적 성격 및 영역 창의성 분석

이경화(Lee Kyung hwa),최병연(Choi Byung yeon) 한국영재교육학회 2006 영재와 영재교육 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구는 우리나라 초등학생의 창의성, 즉 창의적 능력과 창의적 성격의 관계 및 발달단계에 따른 차이를 분석함으로써 초등학생들의 창의성의 발달적 특성을 이해하여 창의성 계발을 위한 교육에 시사점을 제공하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 개별창의성검사를 사용하여, 1학년부터 6학년까지 초등학생 825명의 창의성을 측정하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 독창성을 제외하고 모든 창의성의 요인들이 학년과 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 창의적 능력은 하위 요인 중 독창성과 가장 높은 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 창의적 성격은 하위 요인 중 민감성과 높은 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 창의적 능력과 창의적 성격을 학년에 따라 분석한 결과, 초등학생들의 창의성 발달은 비연속적인 특성을 나타낸다는 것이 확인되었다. 반면에 초등학생들의 창의적 성격은 학년이 증가함에 따라 점점 더 발달해 가는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 영역 창의성의 발달 단계별 차이를 확인한 결과, 언어와 조작 창의성은 학년의 증가에 따라 높은 반면에, 도형 창의성은 3학년 까지 상승하다가 4학년 때 하강하여 다시 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzes the developmental characteristics for creative ability, creative personality and domain creativity of Korean elementary school children. The Korean Individual Creativity Test (KICT), developed by Kyung-Hwa Lee, was used to measure creativity. KICT consists of three domains, three creative abilities and three types of creative personalities. The three domains involve language, drawing, and manual operation. The three creative abilities involve fluency, flexibility and originality. The three personality types involve curiosity, sensitivity, and task commitment Approximately 825 participants were selected in the 18 regions of Korea according to the ratio of schools. The results of this study was that creative abilities had high correlation with originality factor and creative personalities had high correlation with sensitivity factor. Also, primary school children"s creative abilities peaked at grade 3 and fell down sharply at grade 4. Whereas, children"s creative personalities developed as the children"s grade increased. Finally, language and manual operation increased with children"s grade, but drawing operation showed same trend as that of creative abilities. These results imply that, when we assess the creativity development of primary school children, we would do well to analyze their developmental creativity characteristics in terms of the implications for the future development of creative teaching and learning programs.

Head-Space SPME에 의한 생체시료 중 메스암페타민류 분석(Ⅱ)

최화경,양원경,한은영,최상길,정희선 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

ATM네트윅과의 접속을 위한 MAN을 이용한 사용자 - 망 인터페이스 설계

최황규,최경,서주하,김화종,이상희 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper the functional requirements of a B-ISDN access network based on MAN are investigated . Firstly, criteria of designing access network for the B-ISDN is studied. Secondly, the types of subscribers and their service requirements are defined. Thirdly, various artchitectures of CPNs(Customer Premises Networks) are considered and their characteristics are studied, Finally, the interworking funtions of a DQDB MAN as an access network are investigated.

결핵균 단세포군항체에 의한 항산균항원의 면역화학적 분석에 관한 연구

최대경,백태현,박정규,김화중 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1991 생물공학연구지 Vol.1 No.-

β-antigen is one of the major protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We purified reference β-antigen from the unheated culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by serial ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 column and preparative polyacryamide gel electrophoresis. Nine monoclonal antibodies against β-antigen were produced by hybridoma technique. The nine monoclonal antibodies were divided into two groups according to their reaction patterns on Western blots. Four monoclonal antibodies(group Ⅰ) reacted with two major bands of 83 and 52 kDa, and two minor bands of 110 and 56 kDa molecules while the other five monoclonal antibodies(group Ⅱ) reacted with a major band of 83 kDa and a minor and of 110 kDa molecule. The interspecies reactivities of nine monoclonal antibodies on the sonicated antigens from 21 species of mycobacteria were also examined by dot blots. Two monoclonal antibodies, designated 4G5E10(group Ⅰ) and 5F3F2(group Ⅱ), showed a specificity restricted to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. β-antigien from the cell extract of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was purified by affinity chromatography with 5F3F2 monoclonal antibody and checked its molecular characterization. Affinity purified β-antigen showed two distinct bands of 83 and 52 kDa molecules on SDS-PAGE. These results indicating that β-antigen is a associated protein with molecular weights of 83 and 52 kDa, and contains at least two different specific epitopes for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex on β- antigen molecules. Affinity purified and reference β- antigens were applied for its potential diagnostic utility for determination of LgG antibody in the cerebrospinal fluids and sera of tuberculosis patients by ELISA. The mean ELISA values of IgG antibody activities to affinity purified β-antigen at the CSF dilution of 1 : 5 were 0.866±0.607 in 12 patients with tuberculous meningitis and 0.058±0.040 in 24 controls(P<0.001). The mean ELISA values of IgG antibody activities to reference β-antigen at the serum dilution of 1 : 100 were 0.861±0.350 in 97 patients with minimal tuberculosis, 1.052±0.443 in 51 patients with moderately advanced, 1.381±0.396 in 49 patients with far advanced and 0.454±0.248 in 138 controls(P<0.01). An indirect sandwich ELISA using specific biotinylated 5F3F2 monoclonal antibody as tracer was designed to detect β-antigen in the culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and sputum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The detection limit of indirect sandwich ELISA was 0.1㎍ culture filtrate/㎖. The mean ELISA values of β-antigen reactivities in sputum samples from 52 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 25 controls were 0.766±0.404 and 0.453±0.133(not significant).

운동분류에 따른 체구성 성분 및 BMI의 비교

최명화,권영우,김진해,민경선,민진아 한국스포츠리서치 2001 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of the present was to investigate the body composition and BMI in different sports groups with classification of sports. 121 male collegiate athletes were recruited from varsity team of golf(n=10), field hokey(n=18), tennis(n=8), judo(n=17), weight lifting(n=27), boxing(n=19) and bicycle(n=22). Sports event can be classified as low static/low dynamic such as golf(LSLD), low static/high dynamic such as hokey and tennis(LSHD), high static/low dynamic such as judo and weight lifting(HSLD), high static/high dynamic(HSHD) such as boxing and bicycle. With classification of sports events, percentage of body fat was significantly higher with HSLD group compared to HSHD group, but no measurable difference was LSLD and LSHD groups. LBM was significantly greater with HSLD group compared to LSHD and HSHD groups. Furthermore BMI of the HSLD group was higher than the other groups(p<.05). In conclusion, high static/low dynamic group were greater in %fat, LBM, BMI than other groups. The differences observed between different sports groups and classification of sports are related to metabolic and dynamic properties in different sports events.

농업용수 수질기준 T-N 항목 설정을 위한 벼생육 실험

최선화,김호일,윤경섭,최이송,오종민 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The present water quality standards for agricultural were established without considering the effects of water quality on the safety, growth, yield and quality of crops. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irrigation water quality on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice, and to acquire basic knowledges to set up water quality standards for irrigation. The field and pot experiments were conducted with irrigation water that was previously adjusted four concentrations (control, 5, 10, 20 ㎎/L) and six concentrations (control, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ㎎/L) by NH₄NO₃ solution and replicated three and four times with randomized block design, respectively. The results of this study showed that the inorganic nutrient of rice plant, rice protein contents and number of panicle tended to increase as the T-N concentration in irrigation water was increased. In addition, grain yield at T-N 10 ㎎/L and 20㎎/L were significantly higher than the control at the field experiment. From the pot experiment at T-N 30 ㎎/L, the percentage of head rice was slightly lower due to the increase of green kernel and white belly/core kernel.

건강인에서 결핵균 30-kDa항원이 말초혈액 임파구증식에 미치는 영향

최대경,고석신,김화중,조은경,백태현,신철식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.1

T lymphocytes are thought to play a central role in cell mediated immune response. To Study the T lymphocyte proliferative response to 30-kDa antigen purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from healthy subjects were stimulated with the 30kDa antigen, crude antigen or PHA. Healthy subjects were divided into three groups so that PPD(+), PPD(±) and PPD(-). The proliferations of lymphocytes were measured by the incroporation of ^3H-thyrnidine. The results were summarized as follows: 1. For the PPD(+) person, at concentration of < 1 ㎍/ml, the proliferative response to 30-kDa antigen resulted in a mild reduction but crude antigen showed relatively rapid reduction. For the PPD(-) person, decreasing the concentration of the both antigens showed rapid reduction of proliferation 2. The lymphocytes proliferations to 30-kDa antigen and crude antigen were significantly increased in PPD(+) group when compared to those in PPD(-) group, but PHA response was no significant difference. 3. The sensitivity and specificity of lymphocyte proliferation assay to 30-kDa antigen and crude antigen when compared with skin test results were 92.3%, 100% and 76.9%, 50%, respectively.

인체 혈장에서 염산시프로플록사신(시프로플록사신으로서 250㎎) 정량을 위한 HPLC 분석법의 유효성검토

하용화,조성희,천성국,서성훈,류재환,최영욱,이경태 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.4

A simple HPLC method with ultraviolet detection of ciprofloxacin in human plasma was developed and validated. After protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, chromatographic separation of ciprofloxacin in plasma was achieved at 50℃ with a C_18 column and methanol-phosphate mixture (pH 2.5), as mobile phase. Quantitative determination was performed by ultraviolet detection at 278 nm. The method was specific and validated with a limit of quantification of 100 ng/ml. The infra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were between 1.67% and 10.55% and accuracy between 92.01% and 106.09%. The method has been successfully applied in a bioavailability study of 250 ㎎ ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet.

Inhibitory Effect of Cordycepin on Human Platelet Aggregation

박화진,--,--,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2004 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.10 No.1

Cordycepin separated from Cordyceps militaris is a major physiologic active component in Cordyceps militaris. The platelet aggregation is stimulated by Ca^(2+), which is either mobilized from intracellular endoplasmic reticulum or transported from extracellular space. cGMP antagonizes the actions of Ca^(2+). Based on these facts, we have investigated the effects of cordycepin on the mobilization of Ca^(2+) and the production of cGMP on collagen (10 ㎍/ml)-induced human platelet aggregation. Cordycepin potently stimulated the human platelet aggregation induced by collagen (10 ㎍/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Cordycepin (500 μM) inhibited also the collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in the presence both 1 mM and 2 mM of CaCl_(2). These are in accord with the results that cordycepin inhibited the Ca^(2+)-influx on collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. These results suggest that cordycepin decrease the intracellular Ca^(2+) concentration to inhibit collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. Besides, cordycepin increased the level of cGMP on collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. This result is related with the decrease of intracellular Ca^(2+) concentration, because cGMP inhibits the mobilization of Ca^(2+). In addition, cordycepin inhibited the human platelet aggregation induced by LY-83583, inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. This result suggested that cordycepin inhibit the platelet aggregation by stimulating the activity of guanylate cyclase. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cordycepin might have the antiplatelet function by inhibiting Ca^(2+)-mobilization via the stimulation of the production of cGMP.