Paricalcitol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in proximal tubular cells through the prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP4

( Yu Ah Hong ),( Keum Jin Yang ),( So Young Jung ),( Yoon Kyung Chang ),( Cheol Whee Park ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Suk Young Kim ),( Hyeon Seok Hwang ) 대한신장학회 2017 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.36 No.2

Background: Vitamin D is considered to exert a protective effect on various renal diseases but its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether paricalcitol attenuates inflammation and apoptosis during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal proximal tubular cell injury through the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) receptor EP4. Methods: Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with paricalcitol (2 ng/mL) for 1 hour and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL). The effects of paricalcitol pretreatment in relation to an EP4 blockade using AH-23848 or EP4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were investigated. Results: The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE₂, and EP4 were significantly increased in LPS-exposed HK-2 cells treated with paricalcitol compared with cells exposed to LPS only. Paricalcitol prevented cell death induced by LPS exposure, and the cotreatment of AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA offset these cell-protective effects. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were decreased and the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in LPS-exposed cells with paricalcitol treatment. AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA inhibited the suppressive effects of paricalcitol on p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of Akt. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells were attenuated by paricalcitol in LPS exposed HK-2 cells. The cotreatment with an EP4 antagonist abolished these anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Conclusion: EP4 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through Akt and NF-κB signaling after paricalcitol pretreatment in LPS-induced renal proximal tubule cell injury.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

사상체질과 신체형태지수와의 연관성

박경아,김희진,허경석,안수경,이성호,이종은,이원택 대한췌담도연구회 2000 대한췌담도연구회지 Vol.5 No.4

자아정체감 검사의 타당화에 관한 조사연구

박아청,이경혜 한국교육학회 대구·경북지회 1997 교육학논총 Vol.16 No.-

This study investigated the validity of the ego-identity scales including Korean versions of ego-identity scale composed 64 self-report items, which was developed for measuring identity tendency encompassing personal,social, occupational and occupational aspects. The Korean versions of ego-identity scale was administered with 4 kinds of identity scales, which were translated by many researchers, to 2,580 middle school students, high school students and college students. Results indicated that the Korean versions of ego-identity scales has sufficient reliablity and validity. Item-total correlations, inter-item correlations, and all correlations and partial regression coefficient between the identity sub-scales measures were respectably high and significant. The usefulness of the Korean version of ego-identity scale, limitations, and implications for future study were discussed.

기울어진 바닥판의 의미에 관한 연구

박경아,김인철 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

The purpose of this study is examine the meaning of group-basic of architectural space in contemporary architecture through analyzing relation of the environment and the example of architecture by ground. The word 'landscape' is becoming to be a very important conception in defining contemporary architecture. The meaning of it is still changeable, however it tends to look into 'nature' and 'environment'. And it is concerned about design the plate that is the space of event in architecture. I want to examine the meaning of the plate and the characteristic of declined plate that is characteristic of landscape architecture.

傾斜地 아파트 柱棟의 日照環境에 관한 硏究

박태안,김경철,박수호,이아희 동의공업대학 2001 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

This study is that Busan hilly high-rise apartment is classified by the located arrangement form and then the computer simulation and the question is performed about the sunshine surroundings. The result is as follow : 1) There is a sunshine environment of each location of the apartment that is sloped. If the type of the house is sourth-high north-high type a length of shadow of the building is triple of its height. And If the type of the house is north-high sourth-high type a length of shadow of the building is 1.7 times of its height. It indicates north-high sourth-high type is better than sourth-high north-high type to obtain sunshine by double. 2) The satisfaction degree from the aspect in same located zone is indicated the southeastern aspect apartments better than the southern aspect apartment. 3) The establishment of an apartment that has sloped ground is not located arrangement forward south but variable arrangement forward southeast so we can obtain more flexibility about sunshine environment. 4) Range limit of a space of a apartment need to be conducted for each location environment.

하이퍼큐브 머신에서의 행렬과 벡터 곱셈의 빠른 알고리즘

박종원,문경애 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1988 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

Comparative study of matrix vector multiplication is discussed, and a generalized two dimensional decomposition method is presented for the high speed-up and efficiency. Parallel algorithm for the matrix vector multiplication provides O(N^2/P), where N by N matrix vector multiplication on the P nodes hypercube computer. Unfortunately, this computational order is useless in many real problems, such as quantum mechanics and fluid dynamics, since such computational order is satisfied in very restricted condition. We have developed fast algorithm for the iterative M by N full matrix vector multiplication on the hypercube computer. Iterative numbers are considered above 100,000. Using 2^d nodes cube (d<D, D is a dimension of a hypercube computer) as a basic decomposition module, the algorithm provides high speed-up than the conventional one.

신성고혈압쥐에서 혈관내피층이 Phorbol Ester에 의한 수축에 미치는 영향

정수아,김형,차경훈,전제열,윤평진,염철호,박진,조남수,홍순표 대한순환기학회 2003 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.33 No.11

입지별 초고층 아파트단지의 일조환경에 관한 연구

김경철,이아희,박수호 동의공업대학 2000 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study is sunshine environment that following conditions of location at high-rise apartment house in Pusan. As the results of this study : 1) According to conditions of location, an area of shadow is analyzed into a difference between the flatland and the slopeland. 2) On the basis of winter solstice, average of an area of shadow a per time that results of analyses were as follow SS apartment house 49.08%, HL apartment house 38.94%, WI apartment house 49.18%, MB apartment house 58.86%. 3) There are many influenced by crossed block of both sides arrangement on layout pattern ㄷ·ㅁ types.

Stem cell과 Myeloperoxidase가 스티렌, 하이드로퀴논 및 트리클로로에틸렌에 의한 림프구의 자매염색분체 교환과 소핵체 유도에 미치는 영향

이경재,김형아,신민정,성재혁,박정일,한훈,이세훈 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 스티렌, 하이드필퀴논 및 트리클로로에틸렌 (TCE)이 사람의 stem cell과 human myeloperoxidase (MPO)에 의해 대사성 활성화되는 지를 규명하고자 스티렌, 하이드로퀴논 및 TCE에 사람의 stem cell 또는 MPO 효소의 첨가가 이들 화학물질에 의한 자매염색분체교환(SCE)과 소핵체 (MN) 빈도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 방법 : 건강한 남자의 전혈에서 림프루를 분리하여 72시간동안 이중배양하되 배양개시 24시간만에 0.05mM 하이드로퀴논, 1.50 mM 스티렌, 혹은 1.50mM TCE를 전체용량이 30 ㎕가 되도록 아세톤에 희석하여 배양액에 주입하였고 대조군은 아세톤으로 처리하였다. 화학물질 처리 후 즉시 1.3×106 및 2.6×106 cells/ml 농도의 제대혈액으로부터 나온 stem cell 세포액의 상층액이나 1.0 및 2.0 unit의 human myeloperoxidase를 H2O2와 함께 첨가하였다. SCE분석을 위한 배양액에는 배양종료 2.5시간 전에 colchicine을 가한 후 수확하여 Giemsa염색을 하여 metaphase 세포에서 SCE빈도를 분석하였다. MN분석을 위한 배양액에는 배양개시 44시간만에 cytochalasin-B를 가하였고 acridine orange 염색 후 이핵체에서 MN수를 분석하였다. 결과 : 1. stem cell이나 MPO 자체는 SCE나 MN의 빈도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. stem cell이나 MPO는 스티렌에 의해 유도되는 SCE의 빈도를 용량-반응관계로 유의하게 증가시켰고, MN빈도의 경우 step cell이나 MPO에 의해 증가되는 경향이 있었으나 2.0 unit MPO를 첨가한 경우에만 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 하이드로퀴논은 stem cell이나 MPO가 없는 상태에서도 대조군에 비하여 SCE빈도가 대조군에 비하여 높았다. stem cell이나 MPO는 하이드로퀴논에 의한 SCE 빈도를 용량 반응관계로 유의하게 증가시켰지만, MN의 경우에는 증가시키는 경향만 있을 뿐 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 4. TCE자체는 SCE나 MN빈도를 증가시키지 않았다. stem cell은 1.3 ×106 및 2.6 × 106 cells/ml 농도 모두에서 SCE빈도를 유의하게 증가시켰고 MPO는 2.0 unit농도에서만 유의하게 증가시켰다. stem cell이나 MPO모두 TCE에 의한 MN빈도를 증가시키는 경향이 있었으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 결론 : 저자들은 스티렌, 하이드로퀴논, 및 트리클로로에틸렌에 의해 유도되는 자매염색분체교환과 소핵체의 빈도가 사람의 stem cell이나 myeloperoxidase에 의해 증가됨을 발견하였으며, 이러한 결과는 myeloperoxidase가 이들 물질의 대사성활성화에 관여함을 암시하고, 또한 아마도 이 물질들의 골수독성과 관련이 있는 것이라고 제시된다. Objectives : The objective of this study was to identify the possible role of stem cell and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone and trichloroethylene, by investigating the effects of stem cell from umbilical cord blood and MPO on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) induction in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to hese chemicals. Methods : Islated lymphocytes from whole blood were cultured for 72 hours. The cells were treated with 1.50 mM styrene, 50 μM hydroquinone and 1.50 mM trichloroethylene dissolved with acetone (30㎕ in total volume) at 24 hours after the beginning of culture. Control group was treated with acetone only. Immediately after adding these chemicals, 1.3×106 cells/ml and 2.6×106 cells/ml stem cell/ml stained with Giemsa's solution, and acridine orange for sister chromatid exchange, and for micronucleus analysis, respectively. Results : The results were as follows: 1) Myeloperoxidase and stem cell did not significantly affect the frequencies of SCE or MN in the control group. 2) The frequency of SCE or MN with exposure to styrene did not different from control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induced by styrene was significantly increased by adding stem cell or MPO in dose-dependent relationship. The frequency of MN induced by styrene significantly increased in the presence of 2.0 unit MPO. 3) The frequency of SCE was significantly increased with exposure to hydroquinone than acetone treated control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induction by hydroquinone significantly increased dose-dependently in the presence of stem cell or MPO. There was a tnendency of increase of the MN frequency induced by hydroquinone in the presence of stem cell or MPO, but not significant. 4) It was found that trichloroethylene itself did not increase SCE or MN frequency. Frequency of SCE induced by trichloroethylene was significantly increased with adding stem cell (low and high) and 2.0 unit MPO. Even though them cell or MPO increased the frequency of MN of lymphocyte exposed to trichloroethylene, the difference was not significant. Conclusions : Authors found that the frequencies of both sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus induced by styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene were increased significantly with the treatment of stem cell or myeloperoxidase. It was suggested that myeloperoxidase may therefore play an important role in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene and myeloperoxidase probably be involved in the myelotoxicity of these chemicals.