한국재래흑염소에서 발정 및 과배란 유도와 외래유전자 주입에 적합한 1세포기 수정란의 채취

신상태,이두환,김명철,이운규,이철상,한용만,이경광 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1998 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Three different treatments for induction of estrus in Korean native black goats were compared: follicle stimulating hormone(FSH, FSH-p^TM), FSH combined with MAP(intravaginal impregnated sponges, Veramix^ⓡ, containing 60 ㎎ medroxy progesterone acetate for 14 days), and FSH combined with progesterone(Ovaron^ⓡ, 10 ㎎ IM for 10 days) and PGF_2α(Lutalyse^ⓡ, 3 ㎎ IM at first FSH injection). FSH for inducing estrus and superovulation was given a total 20 ㎎ intramuscularilly in decreasing dosage injections twice daily over 4 days. The MAPs were withdrawn at the 3rd day of FSH injection. Estrus observations were conducted every 6 hours from last FSH injection for 24 hours by placing the does with fertile male goats. Estrus and superovulation were more successfully induced with treatment of MAP + FSH than other treatments(FSH only, or progesterone + PGF_2α + FSH) (estrus induction; 100 vs 42.8 and 71.4%, ovulation points; 11.4 vs 5.4 and 4.4, respectively). The effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) on the ovulation rate was also examined. However, no difference was observed for inducing ovulation with treatment or dosage(100 ㎍ 200 ㎍) of GnRH. Low midline laparotomies were performed, and then ovarian responses (ovulations and follicular development) were examined by exteriorization of the reproductive tracts. Ova were recovered from oviducts by retrograde flushing 60-146 hours after MAP removal, and were classified the developmental stages. Overall 66.1% (236/357) of recovery rate was obtained from 30 superovulated does. The optimal recovery time of microinjectable 1-cell zygotes was approximately 72-76 hours after MAP removal.

간세포암종에서 간절제술 후 이환율과 사망률에 영향을 미치는 위험 인자

김완욱,이광웅,최성호,허진석,김용일,김성주,이대성,이환효,백승운,고광철,이준혁,최문석,유병철,조재원 대한간학회 2004 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.10 No.1

목적: 간세포암종은 우리나라에서 간절제의 가장 흔한 적응증이다. 그러나 간경변을 동반한 경우가 많아 수술 후 이환율과 사망률이 높아 수술 전후 처치에 주의를 요한다. 최근에는 외과적 술기의 발전과 수술 전 및 수술 후 처치의 향상으로 이환율과 사망률이 감소하고 있으나 다른 수술에 비해 여전히 높다. 이에 본 연구에서는 간세포암종의 수술 중 위험 인자를 알아보고 수술 후 이환율과 사망률을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 찾아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1994년 11월부터 2001년 12월까지 간세포암종으로 진단받고, 간절제술을 시행받은 환자 510명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자의 평균 연령은 51.6세였고, 남녀 비는 4.01 : 1이었다. 수술 전 HBsAg (+)는 76.0%, 수술 전, anti-HCV (+)는 8.2%였으며 종양의 크기는 평균 5.19 ㎝이었다. 환자 중 26.2%에서 수술 전 경도자 동맥색전술의 병력이 있었으며 8.7%에서 수술 전 경피적 간문맥색전술을 시행받았다. 시행받은 수술은 종양절제술 55예, 분절절제술 127예, 구역절제술 77예, 반간절제술 214예, 동반 혹은 확대 반간절제술 37예였다. 위험 인자로 나이, 성별과 각종 임상 지표(간기능 수치, 프로트롬빈시간, 혈청 알부민, 혈당, 알파태아단백, ICG 검사, 수술 전 경도자 동맥색전술, 경피적 간문맥색전술 시행 여부) 등의 수술 전 인자, 수술의 종류, 수술 시간, 수혈량 등의 수술 인자, 그리고 종양의 크기, 종양의 수, 간경변 여부 등의 병리조직학적 인자 등을 분석하였다. 분석자료는 대상 환자들의 의무기록을 통해 후향적 방법으로 조사하였다. 수술 사망은 수술 후 30일 이내에 사망한 경우로 정의하였고, 입원 사망은 수술 후 합병증으로 퇴원하지 못하고 사망한 경우로 정의하였다. 단변량 분석은 student t test와 x² test를 이용하였으며, 다변량 분석은 logistic regression을 이용하였다. 결과: 수술 후 합병증은 총 56예(10.5%)에서 나타났으며, 조절되지 않는 복수 19예, 호흡기 합병증 10예, 상처 합병증 8예, 간기능 이상으로 인한 고빌리루빈혈증 6예, 출혈 5예, 고질소혈증 4예 등이었다. 수술 사망은 5예(0.98%), 입원 사망은 수술 사망을 포함하여 6예(1.1%)였다. 이중 간부전과 연관된 사망이 5예였고, 간부전과 동반된 흡인성 폐렴으로 사망한 예가 1예 있었다. 이환율에 영향을 미치는 인자를 다변량 분석을 통해 알아본 결과, 수술 중 수혈량(P=0.002), 프로트롬빈시간(P=0.038), 혈당 수치(P=0.002)가 통계학적으로 의미가 있었고, 다변량 분석 상 수술 후 사망률과 관련된 인자로는 나이(P=0.028), 혈당 수치(P=0.011), 수술 전 경도자 동맥색전술 시행 여부(P=0.046) 등이 의미 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 위의 위험 인자 분석을 통해 간세포암종에서 간절제시에 수술 후 이환율을 중이기 위해 가능한한 수술 중 출혈을 최소화하면서 불필요한 수혈을 피하고, 당뇨 환자에서는 수술 후 이환율과 사망률이 상대적으로 높고, 고령 환자에서는 사망률이 상대적으로 높으므로 수술 전후 처치에 세심한 주의가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 수술전 경도자 동맥색전술 시행 여부가 수술 후 사망률과 유의한 상관성이 있었고 이에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background/Aims: Recently, mortality following surgical resection for hepatocelluar carcinoma has been reduced significantly. Morbidity, however, is still significant. This study evaluated the risk factors leading to morbidity and mortality. Methods: 510 patients who had a hepatic resection form Nov. 1994 to Dec. 2001 were included. The patient demographics showed a mean age of 51.6 years with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The HBsAg was positive in 76.0% and the anti-HCV was positive in 8.2%. The mean tumor size was 5.2 cm, 26.2% of patients had preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), and 8.7% had preoperative percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization (PTPE). Limited resection was performed in 259 cases (50.7%), and major resection was conducted in 251 cases (49.1%). Risk factors included age, sex, laboratory findings (liver function test, prothrombin time, albumin, glucose, α-fetoprotein, ICG test), preoperative TAE, PTPE, operation type, operation time, intraoperative transfusion, tumor size, and cirrhosis. Results: The morbidity was 10.5% (54 cases). Operative death occurred in 5 cases (1.0%). Hospital death, including operative death, occurred in 6 cases (1.2%). Five cases were associated with hepatic failure and 1 case was associated with aspiration pneumonia accompanying hepatic failure. Transfusion (P=0.002), glucose (P=0.002), and prothrombin time (P=0.038) were significantly related to morbidity. Age (P=0.028), glucose (P=0.011), and TAE (P=0.046) were significantly related to mortality. Conclusions: Intraoperative transfusion, which is mainly related to intraoperative bleeding, should be reduced if possible to decrease morbidity. Diabetes mellitus patients and the elderly need careful perioperative management.(Korean J Hepatol 2004;10:51-61)

월트 휘트먼 시의 풀 이미지

이광운 대구효성가톨릭대학교 외국어문학연구소 1997 語文學硏究 Vol.9 No.-

The image of grass is the most dominant throughtout Whitman's 'Leaves of Grass'. The grass, first of all, is identified with the poems and the poet as viewed in "Song of myself" and "Whoever You are Holding me New in Hand". Whitman uses the grass, microcosm, as a symbol of cosmic principle and a symbol of immortality. He also uses it as a symbol of egalitarian spirit and democracy. Whitman's attempt to identify himself with the grass represents his poetic technique to embody reality with the words. The grass image found in "Calamus" poems is used to establish the poet-reader relationship. Whitman who perceives his poetry as "the frailest leaves" believe that the hearts of the readers are the soil in which his leaf-poems sprout. The spiritul merge between the poet and the reader is the essence of "Calamus" poems.

Robert Frost 시의 집과 질서구조

이광운 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1997 연구논문집 Vol.55 No.1

Robert Frost frequently adopts various objects as objective correlatives to represent the characteristics of his inner self. The poet conceives the outer spaces of the human enclosures as chaotic and considers that the house or home can be the embodiment of his order consciousness. Some of Frost's poems such as "Bereft" and "The Old Man's Winter Night" depict the deconstructive state of the home space representing the deserted or isolated human condition. "Census-Taker" also describes a deserted house and the traces of the human dwelling The speaker of the poem, however, expresses his wish for the continuity of human history to recover a sense of order Frost, who visualizes deserted house in some of his poems, also conceives of the house as a shelter in which people gain comfort and warmth against the outer chaotic universe. The poet who shows man's effort towards order in the structure of man vs nature emphasizes the human attempt to create the cozy spaces realizing the uncertainty of being exposed to the infinite. In this category, "Our Hold on the Planet", "Storm Fear", "The Exposed Nest", and "A Drumlin Woodchuck" were discussed. The failure of establishing a human relationship is considered chaos for Frost. Frost often puts a couple in many of his poems and some of them cannot form a sound relationship and face the crisis of home-making. On the other hand, Frost's sense of order makes him establish a good marital relationship. The couple in "The Death of the Hired Man" creates an intimate home space by their language and action and the couple in "A Cabin in the Cleaning" builds a cabin which is a symbol of order and they share an affectionate space. In view of this, Frost can be considered as a poet who is ever attempting to move from disorder to order.

Walt Whitman의 詩에 나타난 새의 心像

이광운 대구효성가톨릭대학교 외국어문학연구소 1991 語文學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Walt Whitman의 詩에 나타난 그리스도像

李珖雲 대구효성가톨릭대학교 외국어문학연구소 1992 語文學硏究 Vol.5 No.-

It is true that Whitman exclaims “the true son of God is the poet worthy that name” and emphasizes the Messianic role of the poets in the New World. Through the lips of the narrator in Leaves of Grass, Whitman seems to humanize the teachings of Christ and sometimes parodies the words of Christ. However, a close examination of his persona betrays the fact that the poet's likeness to Christ is not a mere form of posture. This thesis examines the Christ images in Leaves of Grass. The Christ images in Whitman's poetry are classified into five categories : agony, salvation, ascension, Second Advent, and resurrection. Like Christ, the poetic self in the Leaves of Grass reveals himself as a sufferer who experiences of series of agonies which leads him to his own crucifixion. At the same time he reveals his own role as the redeemer. The poetic self also shows the images of resurrction, ascension, and the Second Advent. To both Whitman and Christ, “this is not[their] true country.”Whitman himself acknowledged that Christ's religion and his own “came to about the same thing.” With this in mind, this present thesis attempts to prove that the Christ images found in Leaves of Grass, to a certain extent, reflects the poet's religious faith.

로버트 블라이의 종교적 상상력

이광운 한국문학과종교학회 2004 문학과종교 Vol.9 No.1

It seems that the poetry of Robert Bly is the embodiment of his religious imagination and a record of his spiritual pilgrimage. Although Bly has a Lutheran heritage and uses the Biblical allusions quite often throughout his poetry, his religious impulses are far removed from the orthodox Christianity. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that religious imagination is the foundation of Bly's poetry and to analyze the nature of it. From specific discussion of the poetry, this study will reveal that the unconscious is the source of Bly's religious imagination. In "Sleepers Joining Hands," Bly depicts his spiritual vision in which he transcends the masculine/feminine and man/nature dichotomy through the individuation process. Bly, who assumes that human beings are a part of nature, also believes in the existence of the circular cosmic energy as a life giving power as well as god. Ile suggests that the energy, Gott-natur(the holy nature), "senses the interdependence of all things alive." Bly's sense of interrelatedness of all things is similar to the Zen Buddhistic idea of the Law of Interdependent Origination and the natural religion of the American Indians. In many of the poems in This Body is Made of Camphor and Gopherwood, Bly does not draw a clear distinction between the body and the soul. On the contrary, he suggests that the body is the vehicle of salvation ascribing the religious impulse to the body. Like Lawrence before him, Bly, who considers sexuality as divine, praises natural eros as an act of continuation of life. In conclusion, Bly's poetry as the products of his religious impulses helps heal the modern man's fragmented and divided emotions.

월트 휘트먼 시에 나타난 물과 상상력

李珖雲 대구효성가톨릭대학교 외국어문학연구소 1994 語文學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

Water is one of the most pervasive sorces of Whitman's poetic imagination. It seems that many of Whitman's poems are like ingredients contained in various kinds of water vessels. The spermatic imagery found in "Song of Myself", "Song of the Open Road", and in many poems belonging to "Children of Adam" embodies his poetics of effusion. In other words, it is the poet's device to create within his poems life force. The pond imagery, which can mostly be found in "Calamus" poems, is to suggest the "adhesive" human relationship through the characteristics of water which cannot be seperable. The pond is also a symbol of the space of the poet's and the readers' inner consciousness in which the poet's poems grow. Therefore, it can be a place where the poet and the readers meet spiritually. Whereas the water in the poems of the "Calamus" group represents the static human relationship, the river in "Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry" suggests the dynamic human contact. Since the river is identified with the time itself in the poem, the watr becomes a symbol of spiritual union among mankind transcending through time and space. The sea functions as the most powerful sources of Whitman's imagination. The oceanic poems of Whitman represent life, death, eroticism, destruction, and union etc. Through the use of the poetic metaphor of the ebb and flow representing the liquid relationship, Whitman achieves a symbolic union between the two opposite elements of body and soul, land and sea, good and evil etc.

성인 여성의 자궁경부암 및 유방암 조기검진 수검행위에 영향을 미치는 요인

노윤녕,김영복,박용문,이원철,맹광호 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2000 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study was aimed at preparing basic dada required for establishment of a cancer screening program by examining the status of cancer screenings performed by women in a city and the factors that had an influence on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior of women. In order to find out the status of cervical and breast cancers screening and the factors having an influence on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior, 1,113 women were selected as study area and subjects by a random cluster sampling method, and the subjects were answered by questionnaires. The major results were as follows. 1.In the cases of the breast and the cervical cancers, 16.7% and 55.7% of the subjects turned out to have had one or more screenings respectively in their life-time. Also the rate of screening group of cervical and breast cancers was 16.7%, the rate of screening group of only cervical cancer was 38.9%, and the rate of non-screening group was 44.4%. 2.As to the screening pattern of cervical and breast cancer, there were significantly for age, income, occupation, married status, spouse, the factors associated with health promotion (doctor visiting, exercising), married age, number of children, and breast feeding(p〈0.05). 3.The factors associated with screening behaviors for cervical and breast cancers were age, income, occupation, married status, doctor visiting, exercising, married age, number of children, and breast feeding(p〈0.05). Based on the above-mentioned results obtained by this study, it was anticipated that this study may be play a vital role as basic data for the development and execution of cervical and breast cancers screening program for women in a community. And the analysis, done on the basis of the status of the cancer screening, of the influence factors on cervical and breast cancers screening behavior showed that for the development of a cancer screening program, the factors like age, social-economic class, married status, health promotion behavior, and reproductive characteristics should be considered.

로렌스의 시에 나타난 새와 시적 상상력

이광운 한국로렌스학회 2008 D.H. 로렌스 연구 Vol.16 No.1

Among many different kinds of animals that Lawrence uses as his poetic subjects, birds are peculiar in that they represent Lawrence's consistent themes God, Primitivism, vitality, sexuality, etc This paper attempts to delineate the imagery of birds in Lawrence's poetry and to suggest that birds play a vital role in the scheme of the poet's imagination This paper focuses on "Humming-bird," "Turkey-Cock," and the "Swan" series which, I believe, share the same thematic matters "Humming-bird," which helps readers return to the origin, is similar to the poetry of 'deep image' in that it appears to show the effort of rebuilding the deep buried forgotten world in the collective unconsciousness For Lawrence, the humming-bird, small and domesticated, functions as the lens of a telescope through which one can see the reality of the pre-historic times Lawrence also reveals his interest in primitivism and vitality through the image of 'Uroboros,' a snake biting its own tail, a symbol of birth and rebirth The imagery of the swan is much more diverse in Lawrence's "Swan" series poems Lawrence's swans represent the Holy Spirit, God, Zeus, vitality, Phallic symbols, etc