정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

이소매복된 하악 제2소구치의 자가치아이식을 이용한 치험례

정윤주,궁화수,최성철,김광철,박재홍 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

악골내 이소매복된 치아로 인해 유치의 만기잔존, 교합이상과 같은 교정적인 문제가 발생할 경우 그 해결책으로 주기적 관찰, 최소한의 개입, 교정적 견인, 발치, 그리고 환자 자신의 매복치아를 이용하는 자가이식술 등을 들 수 있다. 자가치아이식은 치아를 구강내의 한 위치에서 다른 발치와나 외과적으로 형성된 치조와로 이동시키는 술식으로, 치아가 교정력을 가할 수 없는 위치에 존재하거나 치아 이동에 제한이 있어 통상적인 치료가 불가능할 경우에 발거에 앞서 고려할 수 있는 방법이다. 자가치아이식은 치료기간을 단축시키고, 치근 형성이 완료되지 않은 어린 환자의 경우 이식된 새로운 위치에서 치근 형성이 이루어지며, 새로운 치조골의 형성을 유도할 수 있다. 본 증례는 하악 우측 제2소구치의 매복과 하악 우측 제2유구치의 만기잔존을 주소로 본원에 내원한 11세 여아로, 하악 우측 제2소구치의 매복의 깊이가 깊고, 방향이 교정적 견인에 불리하다는 점, 미성숙 치근 발육 상태와, 만기잔존한 유구치로 인해 공간 상실이 없다는 점 등을 고려하여 자가치아이식을 시행한 뒤, 1년간의 주기적 관찰 결과, 양호한 결과를 얻어 이에 보고하는 바이다. In the case of the impacted teeth, the clinician has to consider development of tooth, site of impaction, eruption path, and cooperation of patient. Treatment options for the management of impacted teeth are separated into four categories: observation, intervention, orthodontic or surgical relocation and extraction. Autotransplantation may be defined as the transplantation of embedded, impacted or erupted teeth, from one site to another in the same individual into extraction site or surgically prepared sockets. Autotransplantation ensures preservation of natural tooth, induction of alveolar bone growth and root development, offers one of the fastest and most economically feasible means in the replacement of young patients' missing teeth. This case presents a malpositioned impacted mandibular premolar of an 11-year-old girl. It was thought that orthodontic traction was difficult because of its unfavorable impacted position. Therefore the tooth was treated by autotransplantation, we can observe good healing pattern during 12 months.

유치 외상에 관한 연구

정윤주,김광철,박재홍,최성철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.3

경희대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 2003년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지의 최근 5년간 치아외상을 주소로 내원한 생후 6개월에서 7세 미만(평균 2.8세)의 어린이 758명의 외상 받은 유치 1533개를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 대상자들의 진료기록 및 방사선 사진으로부터 내원한 어린이의 성별, 연령별 발생빈도, 원인, 장소, 외상 후 치료까지의 경과시간, 월별발생률, 발생부위, 치아손상의 개수, 외상의 양상, 초진 시 처치 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유치의 외상은 남아가 여아보다 1.77배 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 남녀 모두 1-2세, 2-3세에 많이 발생하였다(p<0.001). 2. 외상의 주요 원인은 넘어짐, 부딪힘으로 나타났고, 주로 저연령층 어린이에서 두드러지게 나타났다(p<0.05). 외상의 발생장소는 집안, 집밖, 유치원순으로 나타났으며, 특히 기후가 온화한 5월, 9월, 10월에는 집밖의 비율이 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 3. 외상 후 주로 24시간 이내(77.6%)에 내원하였으며, 월별 치아외상은 겨울을 제외한 3-9월에 고르게 나타났다(p<0.001). 4. 가장 손상을 많이 받은 치아는 상악 유중절치로 나타났으며, 치아손상은 단일치아 또는 두 개의 치아 손상이 주로 나타났다. 5. 치주조직 손상이 치아경조직 손상에 비해 2배정도 많이 발생하였으며, 외상의 양상은 아탈구, 측방탈구, 법랑질파절, 함입, 치근파절 순으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to research the traumatized primary teeth and investigate following factors: sex, age, cause, place and time(of the year) of injury, elapsed time, area and type of injury, dental treatment and prognosis. The analysis includes total of 1533 traumatized primary teeth from 758 children aging from 6 months to 6 years(mean age: 2.8) from 2003 to 2007. The result follows : 1. The children of age between 1-2 and 2-3 were involved in the largest number of injuries in both sexes with boy/girl ratio of 1.77:1(p<0.001). 2. Fall and collision were the main causes of traumatic dental injury, especially in younger children(p<0.05). Places of injury occurrence varied: home, outdoors, and kindergarten. Warm climate accounts for frequent outdoor injuries in May, September and October(p<0.001). 3. Most of the children visited dental clinic within 24 hours of the injury(77.6%). From March to September, dental trauma occurrences were distributed evenly, except for Winter period(p<0.001). 4. Upper central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth, and the injuries usually involved 1 tooth or 2 teeth. 5. Periodontal tissue injuries dominated and subluxation was the most common type. Lateral luxation, enamel fracture, intrusion and root fracture followed.

다중 출력 MLP신경망을 이용한 한국어 음성인식에 관한 연구

鄭光宇,朴炳哲 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

In this paper, to improve the performance of the speaker-independent speech recognition system, a new reural network model and learning algorithm were proposed. Recognition algorithm for performance improvement of the recognition system had two kinds. Several experimental results were given to prove the performance of proposed algotithm on the isolated digit recognition of the speaker- independent. First, the algorithm for extraction of the feature vector was proposed. it imported, to stabilize the sequence of the feature vector to input speech, the 'Inertia Term' between neighbor frames. If, caused the reducing fluctuation components produced on the sequence of the feature vector of speech signal and tine suppressing superposition of probability distribution between feature vectors. As a result, the ability of phoneme discrimination was improved on the speaker independent speech recognition system or 3.9%. Second, the Multi-Output MLP(MO-MLP) neural network structure was proposed. It had, for reflecting the variation of the feature of the phoneme which was produced on the variable phonological environment, the structure which was assigned several output nodes to the same phoneme. So, the convergence characteristic of the neural network could be improved by the proposed structure for complex learning data and this structure could improve the ability of recognition system by generating the multi-template pattern on a neural network for 8.4%.

煉炭工場 勤勞者의 塵肺症 發生과 肺換氣能에 關한 硏究

李忠揆,金光鍾,車喆煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

A briquet is a source of major energy for heating and cocking in the common households in Korea. For its production, a total of 2,000 workers are employed in 17 briquet factories in Seoul Korea, where they are heavily exposed to the coal dust while working. In this study ail attempt was made to analyze and evaluate the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among 152 coal workers and the ventilatory function in two briquet factories. Also, concentrations of total and respirable dust in The working environment were investigated. To obtain the amount of respirable dust, the total amount of dust in the air of each working place was measured and analyzed based on the size of particles. To determine the prevalence and type of pneumoconiosis, radiographic examinations and pulmonary function test were performed on each workers. The results are as follows: 1. The average concentrations of total and respirable dust in working places of two factories were 16.1mg/㎥ and 10. 2mg/㎥ respectively, both of which are greater than the threshold limit value. The concentrations of the total dust in each section of the factory also were beyond the TLV. The distribution of particles less than 7μ was about 60% of the total amount of dust. 2. The career history of the examines revealed the 5~9 service year group as the largest, with 51 out of 152 workers (33.6%). By the age group, 40~49 year was the largest, 82 out of 152 workers (53.9%). 3. The results of the radiographic examinations showed that 24 workers with pneumoconicsis were advanced to category 1, 2 and 3 with a prevalence rate of 15.8%. The prevalence rate showed a tendency ta increase remarkably in accordance with the age and the number of working years. 4. In case of pneumoconiosis in category 1 , 2 and 3, a high correlation between the age and the number of working years was seen (r=0.547, p<0.01). 5. In the distribution of pneumoconiosis by grade, category 2 was 54.1% of all the cases, category 1, 41.7% and category 3, 4.2%. 6. The %FEV_(1.0) and MMEF of cases were less than that of the normal group. 7. Among the workers exhibiting pneumoconiosis as determined by ventilatory function test, 25% were of obstructive type, 4.2% restrictive type, and 70.8% normal.

무등산 도립공원내 자연휴식연제 구역의 등산로 훼손과 토양환경변화의 비교 : 용추계곡과 평두메계곡을 중심으로 On Youngchoo and Pyungdoome valleys in the Moodeung Provincial Park

오광인,정남철 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1998 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.33 No.-

본 연구는 1991년부터 무등산 도립공원내 자연휴식년제 실시구역으로 지정된 용추계곡(3.291㎢)과 평두메계곡(0.917㎢)일대의 등산로를 중심으로 훼손실태와 그 주변 토양 및 환경의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 용추계곡 토양산도는 각 조사구별 좌, 우측 및 등산로의 평균치가 pH 4.7, 4.67, 4.87인 반면 평두메계곡은 pH 4.62-5.12 사이에서 계속 강산성화되고 있다. 그리고 용추계곡토양의 양이온치환용량(CEC)의 전체평균치가18.19cmol/kg인 반면에 평두메계곡은 9.55cmol/kg로서 용추계곡이 더 높았으며 임상의 교환이 없는 좌,우측이 등산로면보다 더 증가했다. 또한 치환성 양이온 (K??, Mg??, Ca??), 전질소, 가용인산, 수분함량은 유기물함량이 많은 용추계곡이 평두메계곡보다 더 높게 나타났다. 양지역의 주등산로의 답압에 의한 토양경도값은 용추계곡과 평두메계곡이 각각 43.06kg/㎠와 12.4kg/㎠를 나타냈다. 용추계곡은 평두메계곡에 비하여 등산로면의 상태가 대체적으로 양호하였고 평두메계곡은 지형이 가파른 경사조건에 등산로의 종침식이 더 발달하였다. This study was carried out to evaluate the changes of hiking trails, their surrounding area and soil erosion of Yongchoo and Pyongdoome valleys at Mt. Moodeung designated as part of sabbatical year for natural preservation ever since 1991, in the Chonnam Provincial Park. The average soil acidity of Yongchoo valley was pH 4.7, 4.67 and 4.87, whereas it was between pH 4.62 and 5.12. The overall average of CEC at Youngchoo valley was 18.19 cmol/kg, whereas it was 9.55 cmol/kg at Pyungdoome valley. The CEC in the forest follrs of either side of the hiking trails was higher compared to others. K, Mg, Ca, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil moisture content, were higher in Youngchoo valley, where organic matter content was higher than in Pyungdoome valley. The soil hardness wrought up by soil compaction of main hiking trails of both valleys was 4306 kg/㎠ and 12.4 kg/㎠, respectively, in Yongchoo and Pyungdoome valleys. Vertical erosion, however, of the hicking trails was more frequent in Pyungdoome valley, especially when it was steeper.

하수 sludge 시용이 상추의 생육과 토양의 화학성 변화에 미치는 영향

김광수,조경철,김희경,김수영,정순주 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sewage sludge application on the growth of lettuce and the change of chemical properties in soil. The experiment was set up with two different places from Feb. 10 through June 20 of 2000. Each treatment received 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20㎏ of sewage sludge/3.3㎡. The application of the sewage sludge increased the EC, CEC, and the content of available phosphate and organic matter in soil, which resulted in the enhancement of growth characteristics in terms of the number of leaves, leaf area, and fresh and dry weight in all treatments. As lowering the soil pH(pH 6), heavy metal content increased compared with higher pH(pH 7). However, the concentration of heavy metal at pH 6 in the soil did not affect plant growth. This results demonstrated that application of sewage sludge in the soil may play an important role in improving soil chemical properties and promoting the crop growth.

性에 대한 態度調査

金光日,李根德,鄭東哲 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1983 精神健康硏究 Vol.1 No.-

Humic acid가 카드뮴 어독성에 미치는 영향

류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipcs and Cypriruts carpio. 96h~LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 mg/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs (caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinifs carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.

Humic acid가 카드뮴 어독성에 미치는 영향

류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipes and Cyprinus carpio. 96h-LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 ㎎/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5㎎/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs(caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinus carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.