레이저를 사용한 산림측정기술 개발 : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

윤광배 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

Advances in the world of technology in laser diodes, electronic vertical angle encoders and fluxgate compasses are moving us from an age of hand compass and inclinometers an age of multi-purpose instrument. This new technology is producing the forest inventory crews with an instruments that has more versatility, ease of use and accuracy than has ever been available before. The CRITERION 400 provides the capability to determine and display tree heights and diameters with ease. In addition, it can determine and display slope distance, horizontal distance, slope in degrees and percent and azimuth. The opportunity now exists to build on the proven technology of CRITERION 400 and proceed with the development of the next generation of instruments.

ANALYSIS OF FIRE CHARACTERISTICS IN APARTMENT BUILDING THROUGH FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT AND ZONE MODEL SIMULATION

Yoon,Myong-O,Park,Jin-Kook,Kim,Choong-Ik,Ryou,Hong-Sun,Kim,Jin-Gon,Kim,Myung-Bae,Choi,Jun-Seok,Kim,Kwang-Il 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Fire characteristics of a typical apartment building in Korea was studied through full scale experiment and zone model simulation. The fire was ignited at the living room and allowed to spread to other parts of a single unit in a five storied apartment building. Various data including temperatures, species concentrations, and images were collected in the experiment. A zone model(CFAST) was used to analyze the same apartment building that represents the average households in Korea. The results were compared with a full scale experiments. While CFAST allows one compartment involved with fire, the experiment allowed the fire to spread to other compartments. Therefore, the comparison between experimental data and Zone-Model data is valid until the living-room fire spread to other parts of the apartment. Flashover occurred at approximately 380 seconds in a fire experiment, and at approximately 420 seconds in Zone-Model. Based on all of data between experimental data and Zone-Model data, it is concluded that the safe escape time is about 250 seconds.

林業의 構造改善에 관한 硏究

尹光培 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1993 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

To study the proposals for the advanced structure of forestry project in Korea. We analyze the structure of ownership, capital, labor, maturity and management unit. The advanced structure of forestry project is up to improve the production and marketing structure(flow system). The recommendation about advanced structure of forestry can be summarized as follows: 1) It is insufficient for the combination of five kinds of production factor to the forestry development. 2) The cooperative forest owner's management is advantageous to the scale-up to the forest land size and the adaption of intensive forest management. 3) Expansive of government support is needed for the forest road investment, regional forest policy, marketing project, and benefit from taxation is necessary,(if the case for forest management inheritance tax exemption and so on) 4) It is desirable that forestry association rearranges the inner organization to activities the forest network system. 5) It is necessary to improve the software factor like the forest law and forest extension system. And to specialize the extension function into the Forestry Administration officials organization.

林道 施設과 그 利用에 관한 比較 硏究

尹光培,李成基 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1992 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

This study that promote the forest road which deserve of the special of our country is devided into three parts such as the arrangement of forest road, the mechanical character of forest road and the utilizition of forest road. The result of these studies as follows: The line arrangement of forest road can be made by the shape of mountain and the resource of it.That is, the first, we have to choose forest road to acquire the shortest distance and the biggest efficiency. The second, if the condition of field is not suitable for the object, we have to install annexed facilitate like the working road and the mechanical road. In order to do these easily, we have to pay attention to surveying and project.

원위피판과 이개연골을 이용한 외이재건치험례

최광배,민대홍,윤진호,김승홍 大韓成形外科學會 1982 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.9 No.2

The auricle, diverging from the side of the head, consists of a delicate shell of elastric cartilage between the anterior and posterior of the thin skins. Thus, a radiacl chage in the outlook for the results of ear reconstruction has occured in recent years due to the delicate anatomical specificity. Inspite of the challenge of the many plastic surgeons, successful resconstruction of acquired defects may be extrimely difficult or impossible- especially, in patients who have suffered total traumatic loss of the auricle in which the local soft tissues are destroyed or deeply scarred. We experienced the case of total auricular loss with severe periauricular abrasion and dirty tattooing, and can obtained successful total ear reconstuction using buried cartilage and the distant flap.

전자근관장측정기 Root ZX의 정확도에 관한 실험적 연구

강대훈,정관희,윤수한,배광식 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro accuracy of Root ZX(Torita Co., Japan) which is the ratio type electronic apex locator. The 86 extracted human palatal roots of maxillary molar with fully formed apices were used. File lengths with the file tip just visible at the foramen were compared to those measured with Root ZX. For length measuring with Root ZX, saline test model with which the apical 1/3 of each root was submerged into normal saline were designed. The root canal lengths were determined with Root ZX and the radiographs were taken with a file in the canal. The distances from file tips of Root ZX lengths to apecies in radiographs also were measured with Profile projector PJ311(Mitutoyo Co., Japan). The results were as follows : 1. The root canal length determined with electronic apex locator was 0.78±0.53 mm shorter than the length with visual measurement. 2. The file tip of Root ZX lengths was located at 0.85±0.49 mm away from the apex in radiograph. 3. The accuracy of the Root ZX was 79.1% within 0.5mm of visual working length and 96.5% within 1.0mm.

치수 치근단 병소의 전구 위험요인으로서의 제 2 형 당뇨의 역할에 관한 소고

김진희,배광식,서덕규,홍성태,이윤,홍삼표,금기연 大韓齒科保存學會 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.3

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome accompanied with the abnormal secretion or function of insulin, a hormone that plays a vital role in controlling the blood glucose level (BGL). Type 1 and 2 DM are most common form and the prevalence of the latter is recently increasing. The aim of this article was to assess whet her Type 2 DM could act as a predisposing risk factor on the pulpo-periapical pathogenesis. Previous literature on the pathologic changes of blood vessels in DM was thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, a histopathologic analysis of artificially-induced periapical specimens obtained from Type 2 diabetic and DM-resistant rats was compared. Histopathologic results demonstrate that the size of periapical bone destruction was larger and the degree of pulpal inflammation was more severe in diabetic rats, indicating that Type 2 DM itself can be a predisposing risk factor that makes the host more susceptible to pulpal infection. The possible reasons may be that in diabetic state the lumen of pulpal blood vessels are thickened by atheromatous deposits, and microcirculation is hindered. The function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte is also impaired and the migration of immune cells is blocked. leading to increased chance of pulpal infection. Also, lack of collateral circulation of pulpal blood vessels makes the pulp more susceptible to infection. These decrease the regeneration capacity of pulpal cells or tissues, delaying the healing process. Therefore, when restorative treatment is needed in Type 2 DM patients, dentists should minimize irritation to the pulpal tissue under control of BGL. 당뇨(Diabetes Mellitus)란 혈당을 조절하는 인슐린의 분비나 기능에 장애를 야기하는 질환으로 인슐린 의존성 여부에 따라 제 1 형과 제 2 형으로 분류된다. 본 종설은 최근 증가 추세에 있는 제 2 형 당뇨가 치수 치근단 병소의 병인 과정에 전구 위험 요인으로 작용할 수 있는지를 평가 하고자 문헌고찰을 통해 당뇨의 병인 과정에서 특징적으로 나타나는 혈관 합병증에 관해 알아보고, 부가적으로 제 2 형 당뇨 쥐 모델에서 인위적인 치수감염 후 얻은 치근단 조직의 조직병리학적 분석을 시행하였다. 조직학적 관찰 결과 제 2 형 당뇨 쥐에서 대조군에 비해 치수 치근단 병소의 크기가 증가하였고, 치수 염증 반응도 심하게 나타난 것으로 보아 당뇨 자체가 숙주를 감염에 취약한 상태로 만드는 전구 위험요소로 작용하였음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 이유로는 첫째, 당뇨 시 전반적으로 나타나는 혈관 내 죽상 침착(atheromatous deposits)에 의해 혈관 내벽의 두께가 두꺼워져 미세 순환의 장애는 물론 탐식 세포의 기능 저하, 면역 세포의 혈류 이동이 차단되어 치수 감염 시 쉽게 치근단 병소로 이환될 가능성이 높고, 둘째 치수 혈관에서 특징인 측부 순환(collateral circulation)의 부재에 따른 살균성 다형핵 백혈구의 활동 억제를 포함한 미세 혈관계의 취약성으로 인해 치수 조직의 재생능이 저하되어 추가적인 감염원의 공격에 대한 방어 및 치유 저하를 더욱 심화시키기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 제 2 형 당뇨 환자의 수복치료 시 치과의사는 당뇨 조절 하에서 치수 조직의 자극을 최소화하기 위한 세심한 처치가 필요하다.

제2형 당뇨병 동물모델인 OLETF 쥐에서 장기간 라미프릴 투여가 내당능 및 췌도 베타세포에 미치는 효과

고승현,윤건호,김명미,안유배,송기호,유순집,손현식,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:최근 소개된 HOPE(Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation)study의 결과에 의하면, 심혈관질환이나 이에 대한 위험인자가 1가지 이상인 9,541명을 대상으로 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 일종인 라미프릴을 투여하여 사망율과 뇌졸증, 심부전, 당뇨병 합병증이 개선되었을 뿐 아니라 다른 항고혈압제에 비해 새롭게 당뇨병으로 진단되는 환자가 줄었음을 보고한바 있다. 이에 저자들은 라미프릴(ramipril)을 제2형 당뇨병 동물모델에 장기간 투여함으로써 당뇨병을 예방하거나 고혈당 상태 또는 인슐린 감수성을 개선시킬수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:생후 24주된 체중 400∼450g의 OLETF와 LETO 쥐를 대상으로 6개월간 라미프릴 경구투여 하였고 혈압, 24시간 단백뇨 및 인슐린 내성검사를 시행하였다. 6개월 이후로는 8주간 투여군과 대조군의 체중을 비슷하게 맞추어 내당능 상태를 평가하였고 이후 다시 8주간 고농도 포도당을 투여하였다. 경구당부하검사를 시행한 후 희생시켜 조직표본을 만들어 guinea pig anti­human insulin 항체로 염색후 DAB로 발색하여 point count 법으로 베타세포를 정량하였고, 면역염색으로 췌도의 변화와 섬유화의 정도를 관찰하였다. 결과:라미프릴을 6개월간 투여하였을 때 OLETF 쥐에서 1)체중 증가가 적었으며 2)경구 당부하검사시 포도당하 면적은 의미있게 감소하였고 3)인슐린 내성검사상 Kitt가 증가되는 경향을 보였으며 4)수축기, 이완기 혈압과 24시간 단백뇨양이 의미있게 감소하였고 5)체중을 맞추면 내당능 상태가 비슷해졌다가 고농도 포도당 주입시 다시 포도당하 면적이 대조군에서 더 증가되었다. 라미프릴 투여군에서 췌도변형 및 파괴와 탈과립, 췌도내 섬유화가 감소하였다. 결론:본 실험에서는 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨병 동물 모델인 OLETF 쥐에서 당뇨병 발생 이전 단계부터 장기간 라미프릴을 투여할 경우 체중증가가 적었고, 투여군과 대조군의 체중을 맞추었을 때는 내당능상태의 차이가 없아가 고혈당 투여시 다시 투여군과 대조군에서 의미있는 차이를 보였다. 라미프릴 투여가 베타세포의 기능면에서 이로운 효과를 보일 것으로 생각되었다. 따라서 비만한 환자에서 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기투여는 단백뇨 감소, 혈압강하 효과 이외에 체중증가의 억제 및 당뇨병 발생을 억제할 가능성을 시사한다. Background : In a Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation HOPE study, ramipril, a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, significantly reduced the death rates the number of myocardial infarctions, strokes, heart failure as well as the risk of complications related to diabetes and of diabetes itself. However, it is known that ACE inhibitors improve glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity or reduce the incidence of diabetes. Methods : 24 week-old OLETF (Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty) rats weighing 400 ~ 450 g were used in this study. 4 groups of rats were examined in parallel for 40 weeks. The OLETF rats were randomized for treatment with an aqueous solution of ramipril (5 mg/Kg) daily [OL (RMP), n=10)] and with saline [OL (CON), n=10)]. The LETO rats were also randomized in the same was as the OLETF rats (LT(RMP), n=10, LT (CON), n=10). The blood glucose level, body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was assessed every month. At 3 and 6 months, the 24hrs urinary protein concentration was measured, and as insulin tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test were conducted in all experimental groups. After 6 months, the body·weight was matched for 2 months in each corresponding group. Subsequently, a 15% sucrose loading was done for 2 months. After the glucose tolerance test, the pancreas was excised and immuno histochemical staining was conducted for insulin to quantify the beta cell mass by a point-counting method. In addition, the islet morphology was evaluated in the pancreas. Results : Ramipril treatment for a period of 6 months improved the 2hr blood glucose level, the area under the glucose curve in the oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity in addition to lowering significantly systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 24hrs urinary protein level significantly in OLETF rats. Of note, a lower weight gain was observed in both the ramipril-treated animals at 6 months. After weight matching, the AUC g and 2hr blood glucose level values were similar between the corresponding groups, but a 15% sucrose loading worsened the AUC g value. Histologically, the islets were less disorganized and the extent of fibrosis was lower in the ramipril-treated OLETF rats in the trichrome stain. Conclusion : Long-term treatment of ramipril, a long acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor may be useful for suppressing weight gain and proteinuria in addition to having a protective effect on the islet to harmful stimuli such as hyperglycemia (J Kor Diabetes Asso 25:469~482, 2001).

근관충전방법에 따른 폐쇄효과의 비교

이동경,윤수한,배광식 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of various canal filling methods. Palatal roots of ninety extracted human maxillary molar teeth were resected at cementoenamel junction. Eighty of them were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, ten were served as positive and negative controls. All canals were prepared to #40 using Profile. Experimental groups were obturated by lateral condensation technique, Thermafil technique, Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique, and down-pack & back-fill technique of Obtura-Ⅱ, each with root canal sealer. Control groups were not obturated. Teeth were immersed in resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for 5 days at 4℃, and the resin was allowed to polymerize completely for 4 days at room temperature. Teeth were then ground horizontally at 1.5mm(level 1), 2.5mm(level 2), 3.5mm(level 3) from the anatomical apex and examined with a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. The gap between the canal wall and the filling material, which was obtained by calculating the ratio of the area of the resin to the total area of the canal and was analyzed statistically(Rank-sum test). The results were as follows : 1. At the level 1, there was the greatest leakage in the Thermafil group and Obtura-Ⅱ group, and the difference between the Obtura-Ⅱ group and Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique group was statistically significant(p<0.05). 2. At the level 2, there was the least leakage in the Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique group, but there was no statistically significant difference between each group(p>0.05). 3. At the level 3, there was no statistically significant difference between each group(p>0.05).

임지의 가격변동과 가격형성에 관한 연구

이용법,윤광배 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.2

Since Korea began its industrialization in the early 1960s, the Korean land prices have grown rapidly. Between 1974 and 1997, the period for which the official land price statistics are available, the forest land price has grown 16.6 times and 17.6 times in the nationwide. In 1992, land prices in Korea experienced minus growth rate for the first time since 1975. This trend continued four years and the maximum rate of decline was showed -9.14 percent in 1993. And, forest land showed higher rate of price increase in Gun. We found that the rise of forest land value brought about bad effects. The bad effects is that forest land value increases induced the forest land speculation and reducing the forest investments.