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Shin, Dong Won,Lee, So Young,Lee, Chang Hyun,Lee, Kwan-Soo,Park, Chi Hoon,McGrath, James E.,Zhang, Mingqiang,Moore, Robert B.,Lingwood, Mark D.,Madsen, Louis A.,Kim, Young Taek,Hwang, Inchul,Lee, Youn American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.19
<P>Ordered morphologies in disulfonated poly(arylene sulfide sulfone nitrile) (SPSN) copolymers were generated via thermal annealing followed by multiblock copolymer synthesis. While SPSN random copolymers (R-SPSN) showed featureless morphologies, the SPSN multiblock copolymers (B-SPSN) exhibited cocontinuous lamellar morphologies with a center-to-center interdomain size of up to 40 nm. In spite of the well-ordered, interconnected hydrophilic domains, the water self-diffusion coefficient (e.g., <I>D</I> = (0.7–2.0) × 10<SUP>–10</SUP> m<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>) and proton conductivity (e.g., σ = 0.16–0.20 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP> in deionized water at 30 °C) through B-SPSN were lower than those of the corresponding R-SPSN (e.g., <I>D</I> = (3.5–3.9) × 10<SUP>–10</SUP> m<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP> and σ = 0.21 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP>) due to the relatively lower water uptake of the B-SPSN after thermal annealing. The reduced water uptake of B-SPSN was beneficial to reduction of peroxide degradation rate. Thermal annealing produced significant gains in morphological ordering and finer control over desired membrane properties for proton conduction applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-19/ma400889t/production/images/medium/ma-2013-00889t_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma400889t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Young-oh Kweon ),( Soon-ho Um ),( Byung-ho Kim ),( Young Suk Lim ),( Seung Woon Paik ),( Jeong Heo ),( Heon-ju Lee ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Tae Hun Kim ),( Young-sok Lee ),( Kwan Soo B 대한간학회 2017 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.23 No.4
Background/Aims: Long-term data on antiviral therapy in Korean patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of entecavir (ETV) and lamivudine (LAM) over 240 weeks. Methods: Treatment-naive patients with HBeAg-negative CHB were randomized to receive ETV 0.5 mg/day or LAM 100 mg/day during the 96 week double-blind phase, followed by open-label treatment through week 240. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with virologic response (VR; hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA< 300 copies/mL) at week 24. Secondary objectives included alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and emergence of ETV resistance (week 96), VR and log reduction in HBV DNA levels (week 240), and safety evaluation. Results: In total, 120 patients ( >16 years old) were included (ETV, n=56; LAM, n=64). Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. A significantly higher proportion of ETV-treated patients achieved VR compared to LAM at week 24 (92.9% vs. 67.2%, P=0.0006), week 96 (94.6% vs. 48.4%, P<0.0001), and week 240 (95.0% vs. 47.6%, P<0.0001). At week 96, ALT normalization was observed in 87.5% and 51.6% of ETV and LAM patients, respectively (P<0.0001). Virologic breakthrough occurred in one patient (1.8%) receiving ETV and 26 patients (42.6%) receiving LAM (P<0.0001) up to week 96. Emergence of resistance to ETV was not detected. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and unrelated to the study medications. Conclusions: Long-term ETV treatment was superior to LAM, with a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving VR. Both treatments were well tolerated. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2017;23:331-339)
Dinanath B.Fulse,Ju Yuel Baek,Kwan Soo Kim 한국당과학회 2008 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1
Synthesis of dibenzyl (6-O-naphtylmethyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactofuranosyl)- (1→5)-(2,3-di-O-benzoyl-6-O-benzyl-β-D-galactofuranosyl)-(1→4)-(3-O-benzyl-2- O-pivaloyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-di-O-benzoyl-α -D-glucopyranosyl phosphate (A), a protected form of the tetrasaccharide phosphate of the linkage region of the arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex in mycobacterial cell wall, has been accomplished. Key steps include the coupling of four monosaccharide building blocks with complete stereoselectivity by glycosylations employing thioglycosides, 2'–carboxybenzyl glycosides, and glycosyl fluorides as glycosyl donors. The α-glycosyl phosphate linkage was also stereoselectively elaborated by reaction of a tetrasaccharide hemiacetal with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate in the presence of a base.
Ji Yoon Cho,D. B. Fulse,Kwan Soo Kim 한국당과학회 2010 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1
The mycolyl arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex is one of the major polysaccharide segments of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and plays an essential role in the survival and pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The synthesis of mAGP motifs is significant because it helps to understand their potential as antitubercular drugs as well as their biological significance as substrates for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall. We previously synthesised an octaarabinofuranoside of the arabinan,1 a tetrasaccharide phosphate of the linkage region,2 and cyclic galactooligofuranosides3 from cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this work, the synthesis of a suitably protected fragment 1 of the subunit from the arabinogalactan of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is reported. Nine monosaccharide building blocks were assembled by stereoselective glycosylations employing 2'-carboxybenzyl glycosides and glycosyl fluorides as glycosyl donors.
( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Young-Suk Lim ),( Si-Hyun Bae ),( Hyung Joon Kim ),( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Won Young Tak ),( Byoung Kuk Jang ),( Ki Tae Yoon ),( Seung Woon Paik ),( Kwan Soo Byun ),( Sunjin Hwang ),( B 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: In this Phase-3 randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study in 425 HBeAg-negative patients, the efficacy of TAF was demonstrated to be non-inferior to that of TDF at Week48 in the proportion with HBV DNA<29 IU/mL with improved bone and renal effects. Here we present the subgroup efficacy analysis of Korea patients in the study. Methods: Patients with HBeAg-negative CHB were randomized 2:1 to TAF 25mg or TDF 300mg, and treated for 96weeks. The primary efficacy analysis was the proportion with HBV DNA<29 IU/mL at Week48. The results for the subgroup of Korean patients were compared to non-Koreans. Results: Of the 425 patients who were randomized and treated, 45 subjects (11%; TAF 30; TDF 15 subjects) were enrolled in Korea. In contrast to the non-Korea population, the Korea population for the TAF and TDF groups included a higher proportion of females (60% and 47%) a lower mean baseline HBV DNA level, and more treatment experienced subjects. Nearly all were genotype C. Key efficacy end points are summarized in the Table. The percentages of Korean subjects with HBV DNA levels<29 IU/mL at Week48 were 100.0% with TAF and 80.0% with TDF. The results were consistent with the non-Korean and overall populations. A greater percentage of patients treated with TAF also achieved normalization of serum ALT values. The rates of treatment discontinuations and serious AEs were low and similar in the two arms. No viral resistance was observed overall. Similar to non-Korean subjects, those from Korea who were treated with TAF also showed smaller declines in BMD at hip and spine and in CrCl at Week48 compared with TDF subjects in Korea. Conclusions: Compared to TDF 300mg, the efficacy and safety of TAF 25mg in patients with HBeAg-negative CHB from Korea were consistent with those of the nonKorea and overall populations at Week48.