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박형관,한정우,선용호,조영일 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1989 논문집 Vol.21 No.1
The transport characteristics of electrolyte osmosis through the perfluorinated cation exchange membrane, Nafion NX-430, was inverstigated. The order of electrolyte permeation velocities of single valent ions was:??>??>??>??. At constant concentration ratio the electrolyte fluxes have shown maximum and minimum values with respect to electrolyte concentration, which is called anomalus osmosis. The correlations between potassium ion fluxes and concentration ratios was shown as follows. ?? The effective charge density calclated from membrane potential was 1% of the fixed charge concentration.
Rapid Mapping of Active Site of KSI by Paramagnetic NMR
Joe, Yong-Nam,Cha, Hyung-Jin,Lee, Hyeong-Ju,Choi, Kwan-Yong,Lee, Hee-Cheon Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.9
Active site mapping has been done for ${\Delta}^5$-3-ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) by analyses of paramagnetic effect on $^1H-^{15}N$ HSQC spectra using 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (HyTEMPO) and an intermediate analog (equilenin). Our result revealed that residues in hydrophobic cavity of KSI, particularly active site region, mainly experienced a high line-broadening effect of NMR signal with HyTEMPO, while they experienced full recovery of a lineshape upon the addition of equilenin. The mapped region was very similar to the active site of KSI as described by the crystal structure. These observations indicate that a combined use of paramagnetic reagent and substrate (or analog) could rapidly identify the residues in potential active site of KSI, and can be applied to the analysis of both active site and function in unknown protein.
Development of a Genetic Algorithm for the School Bus Routing Problem
Moohong Kang,Sung-Kwan Kim,Joe T. Felan,Hyung Rim Choi,Minje Cho 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.5
The School Bus Routing Problem (SBRP) covers the issue of establishing plans to efficiently transport students distributed across a designated area to the relevant schools using defined resources. As with the similar Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), the SBRP may have diverse constraints such as heterogeneous vehicles, the allotted time window and multiple depots. Many solutions for effectively solving the problem are currently being studied. By their nature, these routing problems are NP-Hard (non-deterministic polynomial-time hard) problems in which the search domains increase exponentially as they become larger, thus making it difficult to obtain solutions using an exact approach except for relatively simple and localized problems. Therefore the heuristic approach is being studied in many regions. In this study, an algorithm was developed using genetic algorithms, which stem from meta-heuristic algorithms, and the algorithm was tested against diverse problems to identify its performance and practicality.
Li, Dong Xun,Park, Young-Joon,Oh, Dong Hoon,Joe, Kwan Hyung,Lee, Jung Hoon,Yeo, Woo Hyun,Yong, Chul Soon,Choi, Han-Gon Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 2010 Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology Vol.62 No.4
<P>OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a novel itraconazole-loaded gelatin microcapsule without ethanol with enhanced oral bioavailability. METHODS: Various gelatin microcapsules were prepared using a spray-drying technique. Their physicochemical properties, dissolution, characteristics and pharmacokinetics in rats were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial product. KEY FINDINGS: The gelatin microcapsule at a weight ratio for itraconazole/gelatin/citric acid of 1 : 3 : 0.3 was spherical in shape with a smooth surface and inner hole, and gave a maximum drug solubility of about 700 microg/ml. The gelatin microcapsule dramatically increased the initial dissolution rate of itraconazole compared with a commercial product in simulated gastric fluids (pH 1.2). Moreover, at the same dose as the commercial product, it gave significantly higher initial plasma concentrations, C(max) and AUC of itraconazole in rats than did the commercial product, indicating that providing the drug in the gelatin microcapsule caused enhanced absorption in rats. At half dose, it gave similar AUC, C(max) and T(max) values to the commercial product, suggesting that it was bioequivalent to the commercial product in rats. CONCLUSIONS: The itraconazole-loaded gelatin microcapsule without ethanol developed using a spray-drying technique at half the dose of the commercial product can deliver itraconazole in a pattern that allows fast absorption in the initial phase, making it bioequivalent to the commercial product.</P>
Kim, Sang Ryong,Chung, Eun Sook,Bok, Eugene,Baik, Hyung Hwan,Chung, Young Cheul,Won, So Yoon,Joe, Eunhye,Kim, Tae Hyong,Kim, Soung Soo,Jin, Min Young,Choi, Sang Ho,Jin, Byung Kwan Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH - Vol.88 No.7
<P>We have shown that prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2), a domain of human prothrombin distinct from thrombin could activate cultured rat brain microglia in vitro. However, little is known whether pKr-2-induced microglial activation could cause neurotoxicity on dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vivo. To address this question, pKr-2 was injected into the rat substantia nigra (SN). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry experiments demonstrate significant loss of DA neurons seven days after injection of pKr-2. In parallel, pKr-2-activated microglia were detected in the SN with OX-42 and OX-6 immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription PCR and double-label immunohistochemistry revealed that activated microglia in vivo exhibit early and transient expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and several proinflammatory cytokines. The pKr-2-induced loss of SN DA neurons was partially inhibited by the NOS inhibitor N<SUP>G</SUP>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, and the COX-2 inhibitor DuP-697. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were activated in the SN as early as 1 hr after pKr-2 injection, and localized within microglia. Inhibition of these kinases led to attenuation of mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2 and several proinflammatory cytokines, and rescue of DA neurons in the SN. Intriguingly, following treatment with pKr-2 in vitro, neurotoxicity was detected exclusively in co-cultures of mesencephalic neurons and microglia, but not microglia-free neuron-enriched mesencephalic cultures, indicating that microglia are required for pKr-2 neurotoxicity. Our results strongly suggest that microglia activated by endogenous compound(s), such as pKr-2, are implicated in the DA neuronal cell death in the SN. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>