The Structure Renewal of the Korean church: With Special Analysis Through Paul Hievert's Set Theory

Kim, Hong-Kwan 한국기독교학회 2006 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.45 No.-

The Structure Renewal of the Korean Church: With Special Analysis through Paul Hieberts Set Theory Kim, Hong-Kwan (Mokwon Univ., Missiology) This study is an attempt to explpore the structural renewal of the Korean churches. In order to analyze the structure of Korean churches will be used Paul Hiebert set theory. On the basis of Hieberts theory, Korean churches can be judged to be affected by bounded set thinking. Although the world is changing more rapidly than ever before, most Korean churches seem to be stuck in time, clinging to tradition and structures at the expense of fulfilling the biblical mission. Korean churches are in trouble. Using bounded set theory, three structural characteristics of Korean churches will be delineated: local church centeredness, hierarchical structure and leadership, and institutionalization.Korean churches have had difficulty in communicating the gospel in an economically, politically and culturally changing society. Looking at this situation, it seems that Korean churches have not responded adequately to the changing culture. They have not sufficiently examined their effectiveness in ministry to people in a changing socio-cultural context. Consequently, Korean churches are experiencing a plateau in growth and some are even experiencing a stage of stagnation. One factor in Korean church decline is that the structure of church is more serious than others. The role and site of structe in mission and ministry is very important. In this paper, I would like to investigate an issue related to church renewal and structure in the missional perpectives. What is the effective church structure for evangelism of the unchurched in the Korean context?

Developmental characterization of embryo size mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Hong,Soon-Kwan 한국자원식물학회 2002 Plant Resources Vol.5 No.2

In this experiment, three kinds of mutations(ge, re, and eml )relating to the size of embryos were used to study their generation, genetic mechanism and developmental characteristics, and the interactions between embryo and endosperm were also examined. Giant embryo mutation comprises 7 kinds including the already isolated ge, and ge-2, which share an identical gene site. The SAM and the size of radicule for the ge showed little difference compared to a normal type. The number of embryo cells did not increased as much as it would affect the size of embryo. Therefore, the enlargement of embryo was due to the enlargement of scutellum that originated from the corpulence of each cell. Both F$_1$ 수식 이미지 s of re ]and odm 49 formed reduce embryos, and other combinations of hybridization showed all wild type of embryo sizes. Accordingly, the odm 49 must have an identical gene site of re 1, while odm 48 and odm 62 have different gene sites. Their shoots and radicules also shrank by the same ratio, however no sign of physical change was noticed. The size of embryo cell showed no change, while the number of cells was the half of that of wild types. The three gene sites of re represent all of them control the size of the entire embryo forming organs. The eml 1 was defined to have temperature sensibilities that the generation of endosperms was active at a high temperature while that was hampered at a low temperature.

차별금지법 제정 방안에 관한 검토

홍관표 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2021 이화젠더법학 Vol.13 No.2

Fifteen years have passed since the National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRCK) released its recommendation for the enactment of anti-discrimination legislation in July 2006, but the Anti-Discrimination Act has still not been enacted. In particular, after the withdrawal of two bills proposed by lawmakers in April 2013, until the end of the 20th National Assembly session, there had been a period of silence in which not only the government but also any lawmakers had not proposed a anti-discrimination bill for more than seven years. Meanwhile, as the 21st National Assembly session began, changes were made in this frustrating situation. Hye-young Jang, a lawmaker of the Justice Party, proposed the anti-discrimination bill in June 2020, and Sang-min Lee, a lawmaker of the Democratic Party of Korea, proposed the bill on equality in June 2021. The NHRCK also presented a draft bill on equality and anti-discrimination to the National Assembly in June 2020 and expressed its opinion that the legislation should be carried out as soon as possible. And in June 2021 the NHRCK reiterated its call for the National Assembly to accelerate its efforts for the introduction of an equality law (comprehensive anti-discrimination law). The enactment of the Anti-Discrimination Act is necessary to realize the principle of equality, prevent discrimination, and effectively rescue victims affected by discrimination. And international human rights bodies, including the Human Rights Council, the Human Rights Committee, and the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, have recommended Korea to enact a comprehensive anti-discrimination law several times. In this paper, based on the need to enact the Anti-Discrimination Act, I wish to examine the specific legislative issues, including grounds, types, areas and exceptions of discrimination, remedy for discrimination and the name of the law, focusing on the contents of two bills of lawmakers and the draft bill of the NHRCK. 국가인권위원회가 2006년 7월 ‘차별금지법 권고법안’을 권고한 지 15년이 지났지만, 여전히 차별금지법은 제정되지 못하고 있다. 특히 지난 제19대 국회 임기 중이던 2013년 4월 2건의 의원 발의 법률안이 철회된 이후에는, 제20대 국회의 임기가 만료될 때까지 7년 이상의 기간 동안 정부는 물론 어떤 국회의원들도 차별금지법안을 발의하지 않는 침묵의 암흑기가 이어졌었다. 그러던 중 제21대 국회가 시작되면서, 이러한 답답한 상황에 변화가 이루어졌다. 2020년 6월에 정의당 장혜영 의원이 「차별금지법안」을 대표발의했고, 2021년 6월에는 더불어민주당의 이상민 의원이 「평등에 관한 법률안」을 대표발의했다. 국가인권위원회도 2020년 6월 ‘평등 및 차별금지에 관한 법률 시안’을 제시하며 국회에 조속한 입법을 추진할 필요가 있다는 의견을 표명했고, 2021년 6월에는 평등법(포괄적 차별금지법)의 조속한 제정을 다시 한 번 국회에 촉구했다. 차별금지법의 제정은 우리 헌법의 최고원리이자 기본권 중의 기본권인 평등의 원칙을 구체적으로 실현하고 차별을 예방하며 차별로 피해를 입은 피해자를 효과적으로 구제하기 위하여 필요하다. 그리고 유엔 인권이사회와 자유권규약위원회, 사회권규약위원회 등 국제인권기구들은 이미 여러 차례 우리나라에 대하여 포괄적 차별금지법의 제정을 권고한 바 있다. 이 글에서는 차별금지법 제정의 필요성을 전제로 하여, 차별금지법을 제정함에 있어서 구체적으로 고려해야 할 검토사항들을 차별금지법의 명칭, 차별금지 사유, 차별금지 유형, 차별금지 영역, 차별금지의 예외, 차별피해에 대한 구제수단 등으로 나누어 검토하되, 제21대 국회에서 안건으로 심사될 대상인 「차별금지법안」 및 「평등에 관한 법률안」과 국가인권위원회의 ‘평등 및 차별금지에 관한 법률 시안’의 내용을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다.

우수여자 유도선수들의 연간 트레이닝과 디트레이닝에 따른 무산소성 역치의 변화

홍관이,정정진,김학렬,김기진,조현철,손태열,노성규 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.1

The seasonal variance for estimate of exercise intensity, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of elite women judo players(Group Ⅰ:4,Group Ⅱ: 4) was measured during 3,5,7,9,10month. The results of this study is as follows. 1. Exercise intensity by %HRmax during seasonal training was shown range of 56.45-73.62, 65.56-82.15, 80.03-86.62, 62.06-68.83%HRmax, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warm up, additional exercise, main exercise and cooling down. 2. Energy expenditure per min during seasonal training was shown range of 4.09-7.96, 5.41-8.66, 8.95-9.90 and 5.05-6.41Kcal/min, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warn up, additional exercise, main exercise, main exercsie and cooling down. 3. Changes of maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max)during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, maximal heart rate during detraining expressed significant difference(p<0.05) between both group. 4. Anaerobic threshold levels during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, AT-VE(1/min) and AT- work time(min) of group Ⅱ expressed significant difference(p<0.01) in the seasonal variance.

직장 및 직장 후방 질환에 대한 Posterior Approach

홍관희 인제대학교 1990 仁濟醫學 Vol.11 No.1

중하부 직장 및 직장 후방의 질환에 대한 외과 영역에서의 치료는 항문 관약근 기능보존이라는 문제점으로 극히 소수의 외과의에 의하여 posterior approach가 이용되어 왔으나 직장항문 부위의 해부학적 구조와 기능에 대한 정확한 지식은 변실금의 합병증 없이 이 부위에 발생한 질환을 안전하게 치료할 수 있다. This report sumarizes experience with 7 posterior approaches for the rectal and retrorectal disease including four trans-sphincteric, one sacral and two abdominosacral procedures in 1989-1988. This study included 5 women and 2 men, ranging in age from 27 to 64 years. Surgical indications included adenocarcinoma in two patients, epidermal inclusion cysts in two patients, chordoma in one patient, and rectovaginal fistula in one patient. Urinary incontinence ocurred in a patient who had large invasive chordoma, but spontaneous improvement was observed several weeks later. All patient was achieved anal continence and there was no proctocutaneous fistula. One recurrent cancer originated from malignant adenomatous polyp has developed 9 months after submucosal excision. The conclusion is that a posterior approach to the rectum and retrotectal space is a safe and effective procedure for various benign disease, but one recurrence among two rectal cancers has developed.

靑少年의 身體的 發育發達에 關한 硏究

洪寬伊,文炳容,盧成圭,吳壽一 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1987 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.12

This study in to know the development transition of juveniles age(10∼17 of ages) about the relationship of natural developmental, patterns, according to sexes, ages and regions by vertical and crossing methods. To analyze the degree developed through intended training and its related meaning, the objects are chosen from 4 regions(urban, farming and mining community etc). The objects for vertical study are 2000 persons : crossing study, 6400 : experimental study, 320 The results through analyzing statistical date by electronic computer, based on the materials investigation, measurement and experiment, from July 1 to Nov. 30 1987, are following 1. The aspect of the form This report was represented that the body measurement value of the height, the weight, the chst-girth, and the sitting height was continuously increased the growth development till 10∼17 age, according to increased with age, and the cross-sectional change have a tendency both for male and female to excess crossing change. 2. The aspect of the function (in the viewpoint of action fitness element) 1) This report was showed that the fitness of the male continuously in creased till 17 ages, and that of the female in distinctly decreased or maintained after 14 ages. 2) The exercise items prevailed the crossing change were the speed (100M sprint), the power (throwing) and endurance of total body (longtime running (female)) And the exercise items prevailed the vertical change were the power (long jump), endurance (muscle endurance : chinning, chin hanging, sit-ups, endurance of total body : 800M and 1,000M lony-time running) 3. The results through experiments 1) Grip strength (1) Maximal strength The development of strength is almost parallel to the development of body and it shows rapid development speed, especially, in the adolescent juveniles. (2) Muscle Endurance There are outstanding development in both sexes. Because the development speed become slow after being 15 of ages, applying muscle endurance training from being 14 of ages is effective. 2) Long-time running In both sexes the rate of increase is high after they are 15 years old (or after being of 15 ages). To anticipate the good effect of training of long-time running, therefore, it is effective to apply the training after they are 15 years old (or after being 15 ages)

우리 나라 自然洞窟의 現況과 利用에 關한 硏究

洪始煥,朴寬燮,任文淳,全順任 건국대학교 1978 學術誌 Vol.22 No.1

Our country has many limestone caves. There are about two hundred and thirty caves all over the country. Among them ninth percentages are limestone caves. We divide them into four classes as the limestone cove, lava cave erosion cave. We dlassify them with the component of formation for example, the limestone cave in the Karst region, the erosion cave in the seaside and the lava cave around the volcanic zone in Jeaioo Island. With geographical distribution, we could discover the limestone eave generally around the Gangwon Province, the Gyungsang Province the Chungcheung Province and the lava cave in Jea boo Province. The erosion caves are developed along the coast. With the geological period, we could discover the limestone cave mainly in the Cambro-Oldovisian Stage. We can see the anvient creature in the cave, not discovered at the surface, because the living things in the cave were late for the development. And the direction of the cave has connection with geological features. Mainly it agree with a fault plane. Generally Caves maintain the temperature from 14 degrees to 17 degrees. Thus, the fried temperature is a character of the cave. From old time, cave is made use for the place of the residence. Academic study for the cave began in earnest at the late 19th century. Comparaticely spealcing, we started studying only ten years ago. We used only cave for the place of refuse. And the cave is used for storehouse or the place in order to train the mind. Now we had to study to utilize the cave in our new period. For the temperature of the cave is fixed, we can use the cave for store. Now we had to study to utilize the cave in our new period. For the temperature of the cave is fixed, we can use the cave for storehouse of the crops or of the military goods. It is important for the cave to use for the military strategy. And it is possible to captivate the mushroom in the cave. Besides, we can use the pond of the cave for fish-breeding, as Japan is utilizing the cave for a fry-breeding. It is vary important to investigate the size or form of our many caves so as to serve the national safety.

운동선수의 임장불안에 대한 연구

홍관이,이광재,김두경,부기원,노성규,한상준,박기동,오수일,문병용,이철규,박장평,엄기진,박남환 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1984 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

This study is designed to grasp the elements and situations of stage fright in order to propose a part of ways to cope with it. We make 511 top-class high school players, male and female, in the central districts (Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, and Kangweon Province) on object of questionnaire, and get the following results. Through players generally have all-round characters they show weakness in the superiority and emotional stability while showing strength in the sonformity. This fact comes to be related to the elements which cause stage fright. Physiological changes also have many effects on the symptom of stage fright. Especially, stage fright increases when players show sensitive reaction to the self-consciousness of final consequence which comes from the tension or uneasiness of sympathetic nerve, Thus, it turns out that players make use of reducing psychological burden by physical exercise or adjusting the level of demanded result in order to release the stage fright.

간헐적 최대운동 수행시 무산소성 파워, 혈중젖산농도 및 pH의 변화

홍관이,강인섭 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1992 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.17

The content of this research is about the change of anaerobic power, blood lactate concentration and pH, which appear in case of being made the rest for exercise different. The result of this follows. 1. Anaerobic power results in small difference after three set during a ten or twenty seconds' recess and the intermittent exercise. In each management ways there is small decrease during a ten seconds' recess and there is decrease but not small during a thirty seconds' recess. 2. When one does a maximal exercise for ten seconds and then takes a rest for 10sec and 30seconds, maximal blood lactate concentration results in 9.20±1.12, 7.17±1.01mmoles/l each and it results in small differences(P<.05) in two ways. 3. It is resulted that the change of pH decrease to 7.07±0.11, 7.21±0.04 each during the maximal intermittent exercise in three minutes just after exercise and there are small differences in two ways.

動的 筋力트레이닝을 위한 負荷强度의 역치에 關한 硏究

洪寬伊,文炳容 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1986 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.11

In order to inquire the threshold level of loading intensity for the weight training of humerus part, 18 students, who are freshman and sophomore in department of physical education, K Univ., are selected as the objects. Using Bench Press, loading intensity is divided into 6 grade as 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% of maximal strength. In this way, in view of maximal strength and muscle endurance, the next conclusion had come true through 12-weeks training. 1. It seems that the threshold level of the weight training is 20∼30% of maximal strength, but the loading level for the qualitative progress of strength reinforcement is effective when maximal strength is more than 40%. 2. It seems that the effective level of loading intensity of dynamic muscle endurance is 20∼30% of maximal strength.