日本의 人文·社會科學 硏究動向 調査

李注衡,朴仁熙,韓點洙,金文基,朴晋泰 慶北大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

In January 1983, the writer visited a few universites in Japan to survey the recent trend of studies in cultural and social Sciences. At that time what I researched is as follows; In Japan, many a learned society has been organized and the research activities were very lively. Mass publication of scientific periodicals and prompt translation of foreign writings showed the maturity of scientific atmosphere. It true that their study of literature has been performed on the basis of positivism since 1930'. But now Structuralism which consider's literary works as one organic unity of parts became the main basis of literary studies. And, Learned Society of Educational Law has been organized in Japan. In consequence, the level of researches in educational law could be remarkably high. So, it is necessary for us to study the law of education. For, to make it better, we must know not only the universal principles of education but also specific ones derived from the peculiar characteristics of Korean education. At the same time, in Japan, Department of the Law of Industrial Administration was established in 14 universities including Japan University. And with the help of it, companies could improve the efficiency in dealing with judicial affairs related with industrial administration. So, to be a winner in the international trade competition, it is also required for us to study the judicial affairs of industrial administration.

組織素 分解酵素를 生成하는 高溫性 곰팡이의 分離 및 特性

성낙계,강인수,박채규,정영철,김두현 慶尙大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

고온에서 잘 생육하고 cellulose 및 xylan 분해력 이 우수한 곰팡이를 분리할 목적으로 pH5.0, 50℃, Czapek-Dox pulp 배지에서 celluase complex와 xylanase생산이 우수한 곰팡이 H-702균주를 최종선정하여 균학적 성상을 조사한 결과, Aspergillus속과 거의 일치하였으며, 본 공시균주가 효소 생산에 미치는 영향과 효소학적 성질의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 생육 및 효소생성의 최적온도는 50℃이고, 균체증식 최적 pH는 5.0, cellulase 생산 최적 pH 는 4.5 xyanases는 4.0으로 나타났으며, 효소최대 생성 배양 4일째에, 균체증식은 약 3일경에 최대에 도달하였다.또한 α-1, 4-linkage를 가진 섬유성 물질 왕성하였으며 glucose 와 같은 저분자물질에서는 효소생합성이 현저히 저해되었는데 이런 결과로 볼때 이균주는 carbon catabolite repression을 받고 있었다. 효소생산에 적합한 탄소원으로는 α-cellulose,avicel, filter paper 등 이였으며, 질소원으로는 암모니아가 효과적이었으며 무기염류는 Ca??, Mg??, Mn??, Co??에서 효소생합성이 좋은것으로 나타났다. 계면활성제는 0.15% Tween 80이 좋았다. 개선된 KD배지에서는 각종 효소활성도가 1.2-1.6배 증가하였으며 또한 KD배지에서 각종탄소원을 지질로하여 효소 생합성을 조사한 결과 3% a-cellulose 에서 효소활성도가 좋았고 값싼 기질인폐신문지에서도 효소활성이 높게 나타났다. 조효소의 최적 온도는 cellulas complex 는 70℃, xylanase는 60℃로 나타났으며 열안정성은 cellulas complex 70℃까지는 30분간 , 80℃에서는 잔존활성이 약 93%였고 xylanase는 70℃에서도 거의 안정하였다.최적 pH는 cellulas complex는 5.0, xylanase는 5.5였으며, pH안정성은 3.0-8.0까지 안정하였다.조효소의 미치는 금속이온의 영향은 Ca??,Mg?? Mn??에의해 활성화 되었으며 Pb??, Cu??, Mg?? 에 의해 현저히 저해 현상을 나타냈다. In order to isolate a fungus which grow well in the high temperature and has the excellent decomposing power of cellulose and xylose a fungus. H-702 which produced potently cellulase complex(CMCase,avicelase and β-glucosidase) and xylanase in Czapek-Dox pulp medium (pH 5.0, 50℃) was finally selected. Then as a result of its bacteriological properties investigated it was almost the same properties as Apergillus sp.. The effect influencing to the enzyme production of the isolated strain and enzymological properties are followed. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth and enzyme production were 50℃, 5.0, 4.5 and 4.0.respectively . The highest production of enzyme was shown when the culture time was three days and the greatest growth of cell was shown about after two days. In the cellulosic materials(CMC.avicel and α-cellulose etc.) containing α-1.4-linking the vigorous production if enzyme was shown and in the small molecular substance such as glucose was remarkably repressed. According to these results, this stain was under the control of carbon catabolite repression.α-cellulose , avicel and filter paper were suitable for carbon source in the enzyme production and NH? for nitrogen source and Ca??, Mg??, Mn?? and Co?? for inorganic salt. 0.15% Tween 80 was a good surface active agent. In improved KD medium each enzyme activity was increased 1.2 to 1.4 times. As a result of investigating enzyme biosynthesis, which each carbon source was used as substrate in the KD medium, it was shown a good enzyme activity. The optimal temperature of crude enzyme in cellulase complex and xylanase were 70 ℃and 60℃, respectively. Thermal stability was shown for 30 minutes until 70℃in cellulase complex and its residual activity at 80℃ was about 93%. It almost was stable at 70℃in xylanase. The optimal pH for cellulase complex and xylanase were 5.0 and 5.5.respectively and they were stable in the range of pH 3.0 TO 8.0. The crude enzyme was activated by Ca?? , Mg??and Mn?? but inhibited by Pb??, Cu?? and Ag?? remarkably.

Vitreoscilla Catalase의 분리 및 특성에 관한 연구

박기인,박충웅 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.17 No.-

Vitreoscilla는 헤모글로빈을 갖고 있는 그람 음성 미생물체로써, 이 헤모글로빈을 통한 산소호흡으로부터 파생된 과산화수소를 많은 양의 catalase를 합성하여 효과적으로 분해한다. 이 효소의 분자량은 약 250,000 daltons이며, subunit의 구조는 모든 다른 미생물체에서 보여주는 A_4와는 달리 A_2B_2(A:64,000 daltons, B:58,000 daltons)를 보였다. 최적 pH는 7.0∼8.0이었고, oxidized form의 absorption spectra에서 Soret peak는 406㎚에서 나타났으며 reducing agent인 sodium dithionite로부터 야기된 reduced form의 Soret peak는 442㎚로 이동되었다. 또한 이 효소는 열에 불안정 했고, K_m값은 0.016M hydrogen peroxide를 나타냈으며, tumover number는 25,000mol이었다. 0.25mM potassium cyanide는 경쟁적 저해로써 이 효소의 활성을 저해하였으며, 효소-저해제 복합체의 dissociation constant는 0.67mM을 보였다. 두 subunits의 N-말단 아미노산 서열이 다음 실험을 위한 oligonucleotide 합성을 위하여 결정되었다. Vitreoscilla is a gram-negative bacterium that contains a unique bacterial hemoglobin and grows very well under the condition of low oxygen concentration. It also contain a bacterial catalase to be not correspond with another species on genus Beggiatoa. The primary function of Vitreoscilla catalase may be to remove hydrogen peroxide produced by VitHb oxidation. The molecular size of the catalase was estimated to be approximately 250,000 Da. The subunit structure of this enzyme may be A_2B_2 (A: MW 64,000 Da, B: MW 58,000 Da) but is not clear in the research reported here. Optimum pH is 7.0∼8.0 for catalase activity and Soret peak on absorption spectra of oxidized catalase is represented in 406㎚ and Soret peak of reduced form from sodium dithionite moved at 442㎚. Vitreoscilla catalase is unstable a high temperature, and its Michealis constant, K_m, was 0.016 M hydrogen peroxide. The tumover number of the enzyme was 25,000mol. The 0.25mM potassium cyanide was competitive inhibitor and the dissociation constant of the enzyme-inhibitor complex was 0.67mM. N-terminal amino acid sequences of two subunits are determined for the probe synthesis using to the cloning of Vitreoscilla catalase gene.

제 3형 구상돌기 골절의 수술적 치료

전인호,민우기,오창욱,경희수,박병철,김풍택,인주철,이정엽 대한골절학회 2004 대한골절학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: 8례의 제 3형 척골 구상돌기 골절에 대해 수술적 치료 후 임상적 방사선학적 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 8명의 구상돌기 골절에 대한 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 대상은 모두 남자였으며 평균 나이는 33세였다. 3례에서 척골 구상돌기 단독 골절이었으며 2례에서 주관절 탈구가, 2례에서 요골 두 및 경부 골절이, 1례에서 내측 측부인대 손상이 동반되었다. 전례에서 전방 도달법을 통해 유관나사를 이용한 관혈적 정복 및 내고정이 시행되었다. 평균 추시 기간은 31개월 이었으며 (24~60개월), Mayo Elbow Performance Score로 임상적 결과를 판정하였다. 결과 : 최근 추시에서 평균의 능동적 주관절 가동범위는 105°였다. 평균의 Mayo Elbow Performance Score는 76.9점이었다(50~95). 1례에서 최우수, 4례에서 우수, 2례에서 양호, 1례에서 불량의 결과를 보였다. 결론 : 제 3형의 척골 구상돌기 골절에서 조기의 관혈적 정복 및 안정적인 내고정으로 신뢰할 만한 치료를 제공하였으며, 손상 주관절의 동반된 인대손상과 복합골절은 중요한 예후인자로 간주되었다. Purpose: To review the clinical results of eight cases of typeⅢ coronoid process fractures which were treated operatively. Materials and Methods : Eight patients with coronoid type Ⅲ were reviewed retrospectively. All were men with an average age of 33. There were three isolated fractures, two elbow dislocations, two radial head and neck fractures, and one medial collateral ligament rupture. Open reduction and internal fixation through anterior approach with canulated screws was used. The patients were followed up for a mean of 31 months(24 to 60). Results: Average active elbow joint motion at the most recent follow up was 105°. The average Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 76.9 (50 to 95). There was one excellent result, four good, two fair, and one poor. Conclusion: Early open reduction and stable internal fixation provided a reliable method for the treatment of typeⅢ coronoid process fractures. Any associated ligament injuries to the elbow and fracture comninution were considered as important prognostic factors.

수입각증후군에 의한 급성 복증 1례

정은욱,지삼룡,이영태,박지훈,김동기,제인수,채두근,박성재,박은택,이연재,이상혁,설상영,정정명 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Afferent loop syndrome is an uncommon complication of a gastrectomy and Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction. It may cause symtoms at any time from the first postoperative day to many years after the gastrectomy. Afferent loop syndrome is characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting and elevation of serum amylase. Thus, it is difficult to differentiate afferent loop syndrome from other cause of acute pancreatitis. However, the history of gastrectomy can be an important clue for diagnosing afferent loop syndrome. We experienced one case of chronic afferent loop syndrome with acute pancreatitis. After appropriate management, the abdominal pain disappeared and serum amylase level decreased. We report this case with a review of relevant literatures.

Estradiol과 Medroxyprogesterone Acetate가 골아세포의 성장에 미치는 영향

김기석 ( Kie Suk Kim ),민부기 ( Bu Kie Min ),홍기연 ( Gi Youn Hong ),박승택 ( Seung Taek Park ),이승필 ( Seung Phil Lee ),김인숙 ( In Suk Kim ) 대한폐경학회 2001 대한폐경학회지 Vol.7 No.1

N/A This study was designed to clarify the hormonal effect on the growth of osteoblast. And the osteoblasts from neonatal mouse were cultured in the medium at various concentrations of 17β-estradiol(EST), medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA) in addition 10nM of dexamethasone(DMS) and alcohol for 48 hours. And in order to detect the response of osteoblast on the those hormones, the alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity also was measured. 1. At 48 hours after culture of osteoblasts in media at various concentrations of hormones, EST has an effect on increasing of the cell number in fashion of dose dependent, whereas MPA did not increase the cell number. 2. Dexametasone significantly promoted differentiation of osteoblasts does dependently with increasing of ALP activity. 3. In osteoblasts culture in media supplemented with alcohol in the absence of 10nM DMS, EST increased significantly ALP activity, while decreased ALP activity of osteoblast in the presence of DMS, 4. In culture of osteoblasts treated with alcohol in the absence of 10nM DMS, MPA did not show any change of ALP activity. But in the presence of DMS, MPA decreased ALP activity of osteoblast. 5. EST plus MPA stimulated the ALP activity in osteoblasts treated with alcohol in the absence of DMS. While, in the cells treated with DMS, they synergistically decreased ALP activity.

Ownership Structure of Northeast Asian Countries

Seung Rok Park,Peter Drysdale,Shin Il Kang,In kie Hong 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

1 In the first paper “Determinants of Corporate Ownership Structure and their effects on Corporate Governance in South Korea” by Shin-Il Kang, Korea’s unique characteristics, specifically the ownership structure and corporate governance are examined. The author takes a broad perspective by incorporating corporate culture, business leadership, and ownership structure in Korean corporation. Furthermore, he discusses the substitutability of Korean specific features given the rapidly changing economic environment. Under the Korea’s Chaebol structure, controlling shareholders, who are the real owner of firms, have exercised ownership rights while having a large proportion of shares aided by cross shareholdings. This has been possible through the pyramid ownership control structure as well as cross-shareholding among subsidiaries. Market circumstances related to management costs are not favorable to the firm with a dispersed ownership structure. In Korea, that’s the reason why ownership is concentrated. Given such a structure, the owners minimize costs related to management’s risks. Furthermore it proposes that leadership(firm culture) and ownership are substitutes. Concentrated ownership is needed when the leadership is not mature like Korean Chaebol. 2 The second paper “Issues in Japanese Corporate Governance” by Peter Drysdale examines some of the major issues of Japanese corporate governance today. The role of that main bank in corporate governance and inter corporate shareholding has been well documented. Although Japanese banks have rigorously monitored firms and have had an enormous influence on firms’ decisions and strategies through the owning of shares, firm performance under such a main bank system has not always been positive. Opposing views and their rationale regarding the pessimism behind the performance of firms in the main bank system are also explained in this paper. 3 The paper “Corporate Governance in China” by In Kie Hong discusses the current status and the restructuring efforts of China’s corporate governance. In China, state shareholders possess strong control rights over listed companies allowing them to exercise control even beyond their proportion of shareholding. Various governmental organizations(under the Communist Party) acting as representatives of the state as shareholders have influenced firms enormously, particularly regarding matters of organizing the board of directors as well as electing management. However since they have little incentives to manage state(national) assets and have insufficient capacity to monitor a large number of firms of which they are in charge, the principal-agent problem tends to prevail, which adds to the difficulties in preserving the value of state assets as well. 4 The last paper “Ownership Concentration and Corporate Performances in the Northeast Asian Countries” by Seung-Rok Park compares the relationship between corporate governance structure and corporate performance in Korea, Japan, and China by empirically examining the accounting corporate performances and technical efficiency measures. In the case of Korea, ownership concentration was shown to have positively affected all corporate accounting performance variables such as profit margin, return on shareholders’ funds, return on total assets, and return on capital employed. Furthermore, it was also found that ownership concentration positively affected corporate performance by helping improve the technical efficiency of firms. Unlike Korea, in Japan, there was no sign of a positive effect of ownership concentration on the accounting corporate performance and technical efficiency. Moreover, in the case of China, ownership concentration positively affected profit margin and return on total assets, while no positive effects of ownership concentration were found on return on capital employed and return on shareholders’ funds. It is shown in this study that the difference in the rel

Gliotoxin Reduces the Severity of Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-induced Colitis in Mice: Evidence of the Connection Between Heme Oxygenase-1 and the Nuclear Factor-&kgr;B Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo

Jun, Chang-Duk,Kim, Yurim,Choi, Eun-Yong,Kim, Minsun,Park, Byungrim,Youn, Byungsoo,Yu, Kangyeol,Choi, Kyu-Sil,Yoon, Kwon-Ha,Choi, Suck-Chei,Lee, Myeung-Su,Park, Kie-In,Choi, Minkyu,Chung, Yeuntai,Oh, Crohn's Colitis Foundation of America, Inc. 2006 Inflammatory bowel diseases Vol.12 No.7

BACKGROUND:: Gliotoxin, a fungal metabolite, has been known to show strong immunosuppressive properties, although its mechanisms are not completely understood. In this report, the authors investigated the mechanism whereby gliotoxin has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: Body weight, histological scores, and myeloperoxidase activity were evaluated in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis. Nuclear factor-&kgr;B (NF-&kgr;B) p65, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1&bgr;, IL-12, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. IL-8 secretion was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and I-&kgr;B degradation were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS:: Pretreatment of human epithelial HT-29 cells with gliotoxin significantly blocked the I-&kgr;B degradation and NF-&kgr;B p65 nuclear translocation induced by tumor necrosis factor-α or IL-1&bgr;; these were parallel with the inhibition of IL-8 secretion and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the same cells. Interestingly, gliotoxin induced HO-1 in HT-29 cells and, in turn, inhibition of HO-1 activity by a zinc protoporphyrin IX reversed the effects of gliotoxin in terms of I-&kgr;B degradation, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, and IL-8 production. In trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis, gliotoxin administration significantly improved the clinical and histopathological symptoms. Notably, gliotoxin also induced HO-1 in the colonic mucosa and zinc protoporphyrin IX reversed the protective effects of gliotoxin in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis. CONCLUSIONS:: These results demonstrate for the first time that the anti-inflammatory actions mediated by gliotoxin include HO-1 induction and the subsequent blockade of NF-&kgr;B-dependent signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. The current results also demonstrate that gliotoxin may be an effective agent for the treatment of diseases characterized by mucosal inflammation.

RANKL에 의해 유도되는 뼈파괴세포 분화에 맥문동의 효과

박기인(Kie-In Park),오재민(Jaemin Oh) 대한체질인류학회 2011 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.24 No.4

뼈파괴세포의 생성이나 활성 증가는 원하지 않는 뼈 흡수를 야기한다. 뼈파괴세포의 분화와 기능을 억제하는 천연물에 대한 연구가 뼈엉성증성 뼈질환의 치료와 예방을 위해 진행중이다. 맥문동은 동양의학에서 진해, 거담작용, 구갈 작용을 억제하는 작용 및 강장작용, 혈당 조절 작용, 이뇨작용, 변비를 조절하는 데 사용되어 왔다. 또한 최근에는 항염증 작용과 항혈전작용, 항유착작용이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 맥문동이 뼈파괴세포 분화에 미치는 영향과 그 기전을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 맥문동 물 추출물은 RANKL에 의해 유도되는 큰포식세포의 뼈파괴세포로의 분화를 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 그러나 맥문동 추출물은 세포 독성은 나타내지 않았다. c-Fos, NFATc1, tartrate resistant-acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K의 mRNA의 발현이 맥문동 추출물에 의해 억제되었다. 또한 RANKL에 의해 유도되는 c-Fos, NFATc1의 단백질 발현도 저해되었다. 신호 경로 중에서 맥문동 추출물은 RANKL에 의해 유도되는 p38의 인산화를 저해하였다. 그러므로, 맥문동은 뼈파괴세포 분화에 필수 유전자인 c-Fos, NFATc1의 발현을 억제함으로 뼈파괴세포 분화를 억제한다. 결론적으로 이러한 결과는 맥문동이 특이한 독성 없이 뼈엉성증을 치료하는 유용한 후보물질이 될 수 있음을 암시하는 것이다. Increased formation and activation of osteoclast lead to unwanted bone resorption. Several natural products which have inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and function are under investigation to prevent and treat the osteoporotic bone disease. Liriopis tuber has been used in Oriental medicine for the suppression of cough, expectoration, thirst, and has been used for sthenia, diuresis, blood glucose regulation, treatment of xerostomia, and constipation. Also, recently it has been reported that Liriopsis tuber has anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombic, anti-adhesive activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Liriopis tuber on osteoclast differentiation and was to evaluate of its mechanism. Water extract of Liriopis tuber significantly inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a dose dependent manner. However, water extract of Liriopis tuber did not affect cytotoxicity when compared with control. The mRNA expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, tartrate resistant-acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K induced by RANKL was inhibited by water extract of Liriopis tuber treatment. Also, water extract of Liriopis tuber inhibited the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 expression in BMMs treated with RANKL. Among the signal pathways, water extract of Liriopis tuber suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 induced by RANKL. In summary, Liriopis tuber exerted inhibitory effects on osteoclast diffentiation via suppression of c-Fos and NFATc1 which are essential gene to osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that Liriopis tuber may be a useful candidate in the treatment of osteoporosis without special toxicity.

중합효소 연쇄반응법을 이용한 Helicobacter pylori 감염 진단과 cagA와 위염 중증도간의 상관 관계

이상인,박효진,박인서,정상수,박형석,윤상애,유기숙 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Background/Aims: After the identification of Helicobacter pylori as a major cause of gastric and duodenal ulcer, special attention has been paid to this bacterium. The aim of this study is to prove the usefulness of the 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as a diagnostic method of H. pylori infection in the gastric biopsy specimens and to investigate whether the severity of histological gastritis is related to the cagA. Methods: Biopsy specimens were obtained from the gastric antrum of 46 patients with chronic gastritis during endoscopy. Histological examination, CLO test and PCR using 16S rRNA and cagA primer were performed. Results: The 16s rRNA PCR were positive in 27 out of 28 infected patients, and negative in 3 out of 18 not-infected patients. The sensitivity of 16S rRNA test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was 96.4% and the specificity was 83.3%. The degree of chronic inflammation and activity were more severe in the H. pylori infected patients than in the not-infected controls (p$lt;0.05). No significant difference in histological parameters was noted between cagA positive and cagA negative groups. Conclusions: The 16S rRNA PCR is a highly sensitive but somewhat less specific test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. We suggest that careful cleansing and minimization of the contamination can make PCR clinically useful test. PCR recognition of cagA was not associated with the severity of H. pylori gastritis.