Ki-67 Expression Gives Additional Prognostic Information on St. Gallen 2007 and Adjuvant! Online Risk Categories in Early Breast Cancer

Jung, So-Youn,Han, Wonshik,Lee, Jong Won,Ko, Eunyoung,Kim, Eunkyu,Yu, Jong-Han,Moon, Hyeong-Gon,Park, In Ae,Oh, Do-Youn,Im, Seock-Ah,Kim, Tae-You,Hwang, Ki-Tae,Kim, Sung-Won,Noh, Dong-Young Springer - Society of Surgical Oncology 2009 Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol.16 No.5

광센서를 위한 ZnO:Al 투명도전막의 제조 및 특성연구

박기철,이형기,심호섭 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 연차보고서 Vol.1995 No.-

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 AZO(ZnO:Al)막을 증착시켰다. 타겟내의 Al_2O_3의 첨가량, 기판온도, 분위기압, RF출력 등의 증착조건의 변화에 따라 제조된 AZO막의 조성, Al 도핑양, 구조적 특성 등을 XRD, SEM, EDS 및 RBS로 조사하였다. 이와 함께 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 Hall 효과 및 광투과도 특성을 통하여 조사하였다. 증착된 AZO막은 육방정의 wurtzite 구조였으며 모든 증착조건에서 기판에 수직으로 성장하는 (002)면 방향을 가지는 c-축배향성을 나타내었다. 증착된 AZO막내의 AB 도핑량은 타겟내의 무게비에 비례하였으며 Zn : O의 조성비토 1 : 1로 거의 일정하였다. 투명도전막으로서의 최적조건은 3wt%의 Al_2O_3이 첨가된 타겟으로 기판온도가 150℃, 분위기압이 2mTorr, RF출력이 150W로 증착한 경우였으며 이 때 비저항은 4.7×10 exp (4)Ω㎝, 캐리어 농도는 7.5×10 exp (20)㎝^-3이었다. 또 두께가 1500Å인 막의 경우 550㎚에서 광투고도가 90%이상이었으며 광학적 밴드갭은 3.53eV였다. Aluminium doped zinc oxide(AZO)films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method. The chemical compositions, doping concentrations, and the structural char-acteristics of the AzO films were studied in accordance with various deposition parameters, such as Al_2O_3 amount, substrate temperature and working pressure, by XRD, EDS, SEM and RBS. And The electrical and optical properties of AZO films were characterized by Hall effect and optical transmittance measurements. AZO films had were hexagonal wurtzite structure and dominent c-axis orientation. The Al doping concentration in the films were monotonically increased. The atomic ration of Zn : O were 1 : 1. The substrate, working pressure and rf power for optimum condition to fabricate the transparet conductive films using a target containing 3wt% Al_2O_3 were 150 ℃, 2mTorr and 150W, respectively. The resistivity and the carrier density of the AZO film prepared under this condition were 4.7 × 10 exp (-4) Ω㎝ and 7.5 × 10 exp (20) ㎝^-3, respectively. The optical transmittance of 1500 Å thick films at 550㎚ is ∼90% and optical energy band gap was 3.53eV.

외상성 고막천공의 임상적 고찰

박형욱,김용기,임동명,윤신의,최봉남 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1

The authors observed the clinical findings of 99 cases of traumatic drum perforations, who visited the department of otolaryngology of Chosun University Hospital and KwangYang Hospital from January 1988 to August 1991 The results obtained were as follows; 1) As an etiologic factor, the indirect trauma occupies the most case (79.8%), out of which the most cases is by assault. 2) Age distribution indicates 30 decade(32.3%) and 20 decade(26.3%) in the declining order and sex distribution indicates male to female is 1;1.3. 3) On occupation, house wife is the most frequently involved (35.4%) and officials & students are in the next order. 4) Most common complaint is Hearing impairment and the next complaints are tinnitus, otalgia and hemorrhage in order. 5) The most frequent site of perforation is the central portion of anteroinferior and posteroinfehor quadrant, Gradel in size and triangular shape are common. 6) Seasonal variation indicates that the most frequent occurence of perforation is on summer. 7) Average 25-35㏈ of hearing loss is most common, and the degree of hearing loss is well correlated with the size of perforation. 8) Two way of therapeutic measure are compared. a. stimulating with trichloroacetic acid ; spontaneously healing in 22 cases (22.2%) b. closing procedure with paper patch ; healing in 68 cases (68.7%) 9)The overall healing time is within 2 months in the most of case (about 80%).

전신마취 후에 발견된 좌측 내경동맥 폐색에 의한 뇌경색 : 증례보고 A case report

안기량,박해남,권진형 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Stroke is defined as a focal neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours. The complication related to the central nervous system after general anesthesia is unusual and difficult to discover the exact causes. We experienced a case of an unexpected cerebral infarction after lung decortication and clousure of bronchopleural fistula (BPF). His medical problem included diabetus mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis, and history of several episode of focal neurological deficit. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and succinylcholine and maintained with 50% N_(2)0 and 2.0-3.0 vol% enflurane in oxygen. After approximately 10 h in intensive care unit, he was still very lethargic. Immediate brain magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) revealed acute cerebral infarction in left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery(ACA) territory due to left internal carotid artery (ICA) obstruction. An emergency decompressive craniectomy was performed. Therefore cerebral thrombosis, hypotension could be considered the possible etiology. We concluded that cerebral infarction can unexpectedly develop during perioperative and after postoperative and that close monitoring of patient and adequate management are essential.

방재공학협동과정 재난관리전공 교육과정 (충북대학교 사례)

김형신, 박기용, 원정훈, 김성보 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2018 建設技術論文集 Vol.37 No.2

본문 참고

紫雲英裁培沓에서 窒素와 石灰의 施用이 紫雲英의 腐熟과 벼 生育에 미치는 影響

윤봉기,김희권,최형국,박인진 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

녹비작물로서 자운영을 재배한 논에 수포를 재배할 때 시용한 자운영의 부숙촉진방법을 구명하기 위하여 자운영의 개화 성기와 결실기에 자각 예취하여 시용하고 질소 0, 30, 60, 질소 30+석회 1000, 석회 1000㎏/㏊의 5가지 부숙촉진 처리로 2000년부터 2년동안 포장시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 44.5㎝, 생초수량 23.88Mg/㏊였으며 결실기에는 초장43.6㎝, 생초수량 19.53Mg ㏊^(-1)이였다. 무기성분 함량은 자운영 개화성기에 T-N 2.6%. T-C 78.6%, P₂O_(5) 0.57%, K₂O 2.73%였으며 결실기에는 T-N 2.3%, T-C 82.8%, P₂O_(5) 0.53%. K₂O 2.15%였다. 2. 개화성기에 시용한 자운영의 부숙정도는 경운후 10일에 82.5~86.8%로 급증하여 이후 완 만한 경향을 보였으며 결실기의 부숙정도는 경운후 10일에 62.2~67.1%로 개화성기보다 낮았다. 부숙처리에 따라서는 개화성기에 예취하여 시용하고 부숙처리한 시험구중 석회 1,000㎏/㏊처리에서 최고의 부숙정도를 보였으며 결실기 처리구에서는 질소 30+석회 1,000㎏/㏊ 처리구에서 높은 부숙도를 의였다. 3. 벼의 생육은 출수기의 초장은 102.0~l12.4㎝, 수확기의 간장은 76.6~84.2㎝, 수장 17.9~20.0㎝로 개화성기의 부숙 처리에서 초장. 간장, 수장이 큰 편이었다. 벼의 수량은 4.89~5.33Mg/㏊로 자운영 개화성기의 부숙촉진 무처리(5.01 Mg/㏊)에 비하여 석회 1,000㎏ ㏊처리에서 4% 증수되었고 결실기의 부숙촉진 처리에서는 무처리 (5.25Mg/㏊)에 비하여 질소 30+석회 1,000㎏ ㏊^(-1)처리에서 1%증수되었으나 기타 처리에서는 1~2%감수되었다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.4~6.0. OM 12.5~13.5g/㎏, CEC 12.4~14.5c㏖/㎏, Ava. P₂O_(5) 38~56㎎/㎏으로 자운영 부숙촉진 처리에저 Ava. P₂O_(5), Ava. SiO₂, CEC, 치환성 K의 함량이 많은 편이었다. The experiment was conducted to find out quick decomposition method of applied milk vetch at rice paddy soil. Decomposition methods were 5 treatments of N fertilizer 0, 30, 60, N 30+Lime 1000 and Lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ at paddy field applied flowering and bearing stage of milk vetch. It was summerized as follows; At flowering stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), K₂O in milk vetch plant was 2.6, 78.6, 0.57, 2.73% respectively. plant height was 44.5 ㎝. green yield was 23.88 Mg/㏊. At bearing stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), K₂O in milk vetch was 2.3, 82.8, 0.53, 2.15% respectively. Plant height was 43.6 ㎝. Green yield was 19.53 Mg/㏊. Decomposition rate of milk vetch at 10 days after application at the flowering stage was 82.5~86.8% and that of bearing stage was 62.2~67.1%. When milk vetch was cut at flowering stage, decomposition rate of milk vetch treated lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ was more than any other treatment. When milk vetch was cut at bearing stage, decomposition rate of milk vetch treated N 30+lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ was highest. Plant height of rice was 102.0~112.4 ㎝ at heading stage and stem height was 76.6~84.2 ㎝, panicle length 17.9~20.0 ㎝ at harvesting stage. Plant height, stem height, panicle length of decomposition treatment plot was trend to longer when milk vetch was cut at flowering stage. When milk vetch was cut at flowering stage, rice yield of lime 1000 ㎏/ ㏊ applied plot increased 4% more than that of control (5.01 Mg/ha). When milk vetch was cut at bearing stage, N30+lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ applied plot was increased 1% than that of control (5.25 Mg/ha). But the rice yield other plot decreased 1~2% than that of control. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.4~6.0, OM 12.5~13.5 g/㎏, CEC 12.4~14.5 c㏖/㎏. The content of Av. P₂O_(5), Av. SiO₂, CEC, Exch. K in soil applied milk vetch was more than that of control.

남부 평야지 자운영재배답에서 논유형과 질소수준이 벼 생육 및 토양 화학성에 미치는 영향

윤봉기,김병호,이인,최형국,박인진,김용웅 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

녹비작물로서 자운영을 재배한 논에 벼를 재배할 때 질소비료의 절감기준을 구명하고자 평야지인 전남 나주의 보통답과 사질답에서 관행, 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%, 자운영+무질소의 5처리로 1999년부터 2001년까지 3년동안 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 43.6~43.9㎝, 생초중 21.79~24.99Mg ha^(-1)이였으며 무기성분 함량은 T-N 2.40~2.64%, P₂O_(5) 0.42~0.46%, K₂O 1.83~2.01%였다. 자운영의 생육은 보통답이 사질답에 비하여 생초중이 많았고 T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), CaO, MgO의 함량도 높았다. 2. 토양중 NH₄-N함량의 경시적 변화는 이앙후 7일에 20.7~47.4㎎ kg^(-1)으로 점차 감소하였는데 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50% 시용구에서 높았다. 3. 벼의 생육은 사질답이 보통답에 비하여 초장 및 간장이 크고 ㎡당경수가 많았고 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%시용구에서 생육이 좋았다. 식물체중의 T-N, P₂O_(5), K₂O함량도 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%시용구에서 많은 편이었다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 관행에 비하여 보통답의 자운영 시용구에서 OM, CEC, Ava, P₂O_(5)함량이 증가하였고 사질답에서는 CEC가 증가하였다. 5. 벼의 수량은 관행(보통답 5.15Mg ha^(-1), 사질답 5.16Mg ha^(-1))에 비하여 보통답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%, 30%시용구에서 각각 3, 6, 4% 증수되었고, 사질답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 3, 5%증수되었다. 6. 남부 평야지에서 자운영을 재배하여 생초 20Mg ha^(-1)를 녹비로 투입하면 벼를 재배시 질수시용 적정량을 보통답에서는 관행시비량의 30%, 사질답에서는 관행시비량의 50%이였다. This study was conducted to find out an amount of N fertilizer for rice culture followed after milk vetch(MV) cultivated at normal and sandy paddy field in Naju which lies to southern plain region from 1999 to 2001. The amounts of N fertilizer were 110(normal paddy) and 130(sandy paddy)㎏ ha^(-1) at control and 0, 30, 50, 70% of control. At flowering stage of MV, Plant height was 43.6~43.9㎝ and fresh weight was more than that of sandy paddy field. Also, the contents of T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), CaO, MgO in MV plant cultivated normal paddy field were higher than those of sandy paddy field. Content of NH₄-N in soil was 20.7~47.4㎎ ㎏^(-1) at 7days after transplanting and 6.1~8.1㎎ ㎏^(-1) at 70days after transplanting of rice plant. Content of NH₄-N in soil was high at the treatments of MV+N50% and MV+N70%. Rice plant height, culm length and the number of tiller per ㎡ in sandy paddy field were higher than those of normal paddy field. Growth of rice plant in MV+N70% and MV+N50% was higher than that in others. And the content of T-N, P₂O_(5) and K₂O of rice plant in MV+N70% and MV+N50% were higher than those in others. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.1~5.9, OM 15.6~20.9g ㎏^(-1). CEC 10.1~13.8cmol ㎏^(-1) and Ava. P₂O_(5) 152~244㎎ ㎏^(-1). The contents of OM. CEC and Ava. P₂O_(5) in soil applied MV at normal paddy field were higher than those of the control, and the content of CEC in soil applied MV at flowering stage, rice yields of MV+N70%, 50%, MV+N30% were increased 3, 6, 4% more than that of control (5.15Mg ha^(-1)) at normal paddy field. Rice yields of MV+N70%, MV+N50% were increased 3, 5% higher than that of control(5.16Mg ha^(-1)) at sandy paddy field. Nitrogen application rate of normal paddy field was 30%, and sandy paddy field was 50% of conventional fertilization rate when 20Mg ha^(-1) MV cultivated paddy field was inputed for rice culture in the southern plains.

남부 중간지 자운영재배답에서 벼재배시 논 유형에 따른 질소시비량 구명

윤봉기,김병호,김희권,이인,최형국,박인진 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

중간지의 보통답과 사질답에서 녹비작물인 자운영을 재배한 논에 벼를 재배할 때 답 유형에 따른 질소비료 시용량을 구명하고자 전남 구례의 보통답과 사질답에서 관행, 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%, 자운영+무질소의 5처리로 2000년부터 2년동안 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 44.1∼44.2㎝, 생초중 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1이였으며 무기성분 함량은 T-N 2.46∼2.68%, P_2O_5 0.56∼0.60%, K_2O 2.05∼2.18%였다. 사질답에 비하여 보통답에서 자운영의 생초중이 많았다. 2. 토양중 NH_4-N함량의 경시적 변화는 이앙 후 7일에 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1으로 가장 높았으며 이앙후 70일에 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1으로 점차 감소하였는데 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%시용구에서 높았다. 3. 벼 수확기의 간장 76∼85㎝, 수장 17.9∼19.2㎝로 사질답이 보통답에 비하여 간장, 수장이 컸다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 21.5∼24.4g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎ ㎏^-1으로 자운영처리구에서 OM, CEC함량이 증가하였다. 5. 벼의 수량은 관행(보통답 5.03Mg ㏊^-1, 사질답 5.18Mg ㏊^-1)에 비하여 보통답의 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 5, 4%증수되었고, 사질답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 7, 4%증수되었다. 6. 남부 중간지에서 자운영을 재배하여 생초 20Mg ㏊^-1를 녹비로 투입하면 벼를 재배시 질소 시용 적정량은 보통답, 사질답 모두 관행 시비량의 50%이였다. This study was conducted to find out fertilizer recommendation rates for rice at a normal and sandy paddy field after planting milk vetch(MV) in Guryae which lies to southern medium altitude region from 100m to 250m above sea level from 2000 to 2001. The amount of N fertilizer were 110(normal paddy) and 130(sandy paddy) ㎏ ㏊^-1 at control and 0, 30, 50, 70% of the control. At flowering stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, P_2O_5, K_2O in plant were 2.46∼2.68%, 0.56∼0.60%, 2.05∼2.18%, respectively. Plant height were 44.1∼44.2㎝. Fresh weight were 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1. Fresh weight of milk vetch cultivated in normal paddy field was more than that in sandy paddy field. The content of NH_4-N in soil was 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1 at 7 days after planting and 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1 at 70 days after planting. Content of NH_4-N in soil was increased at the treatments of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control. Culm length was 76∼85㎝, panicle length was 17.9∼19.1㎝ at harvesting stage. Culm length and panicle length at sandy paddy field were longer than those of normal paddy field. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 15.6∼21.5g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎㎏^-1, respectively. The content of OM, CEC in soil applied milk vetch at normal paddy field was higher than those of the control, and the content of CEC in soil applied milk vetch at sandy paddy field was higher than that of the control. When milk vetch was cut at flowing stage, rice yield of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control plot were increased 5, 4% more than that of control(5.03Mg ㏊^-1) at normal paddy field. Rice yield vetch+N 70, 50 of control were increased 7, 4% more than that of control(5.18Mg ㏊^-1) at sandy paddy field. Nitrogen application rate of normal and sandy paddy field was 50% of conventional fertilization rate when 20Mg ㏊^-1 milk vetch cultivated paddy field was inputed for rice culture in the southern medium altitude.

수술실 오염도감소를 위한 수술실공조시스템에 대한 연구

김천숙,박은정,강규식,김지은,안기량,권진형,유시현,주영철,권순정 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Background: The OR(operating room) should provide an optimum environment that is safe for the patient and the working personnel. The air ventilation system of OR has been studied to decrease the contamination of air. We investigated the flow and contamination of the air in OR at our hospital. Method: Cultures in OR were made and the number of bacteria and fungi were calculated. A two-dimensional model for the cross-section of an operation room is developed for the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. The characteristics of air flow in the empty operation room and in the occupied operation room are calculated by using a CFD program. Results: The current air ventilation system of our hospital does not deliver the clean air to the operating site efficiently in occupied OR. Conclusions: We suggested a new location of air ventilation system which improves air venting with little increase of the cost of equipment.

고해상도 위성영상을 이용한 북한지역 지리정보 구축 실험연구

사공호상,한선희,박진형,서기환 한국지리정보학회 2004 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.7 No.4

남북한간 경제협력과 교류가 어느 때 보다도 활발하게 추진됨에 따라 북한지역에 대한 지리정보의 수요가 날로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 이렇다 할 방법을 찾지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라. 이 연구에서는 고해상도 위성영상을 이용하여 북한지역의 지리정보를 획득하는 방안을 모색하였다. 실효성 있는 연구결과를 도출하기 위하여 북한의 사례지역에 대해 실제로 지리정보를 구축하고, 위치정확도도 검중하였다. 실험연구 결과, 총 52개 망목의 지리정보를 추출하였다. 또한 스테레오 영상의 수평 및 수직오차는 각각 4.6m와 09m로 상당히 정확하였으며, 단영상의 수평오차는 약 9m 정도를 스테레오 영상보다는 크지만 북만관련 업무나 연구의 기초자료로 만족할 수 있는 수준으로 나타났다. As economic cooperation and exchanges between North and South Korea have been glowing much more than before, the demand for geographic information on North Korea is recently increasing. In fact, there is no specific method to be provided with geographic information on North Korea. In this regard, the study searched a method to collect geographic information on North Korea by using the high spatial resolution satellite image. In order to produce its best result, the study collected the geographic information on the case study area and ensured the location accuracy. This study produced total 52 items of geographic information on North Korea. Horizontal and vertical errors of stereo image, which are 4.6m and 0. 9m respectively, showed high accuracy. In addition, even though the horizontal error of single image is 9m, which is bigger than that of stereo image, there is no doubt that it can be used as basic data for North Korean studies and related projects.