ER 브레이크를 이용한 와이어 방전가공기의 장력제어

김기선,조명수 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.5

This paper presents the tension control of a wire-cut discharge machine using electrorheological(ER) fluid based brake system. On the basis of the tension level required in the machine, an appropriate size of the ER brake which features design simplicity, fast response and salient controllability is designed. Considering the Bingham property of ER fluid and actuator response time, the governing equation of the ER brake is derived. And a tension propagation of wire electrode is modeled via frequency response. The tension control performance of the discharge machine is simulated by using a robust sliding mode controller.

한국어 형태소 처리와 사전 : 접속정보를 이용한 한글 철자 및 띄어쓰기 검사기 Hangul Spelling and Word-spacing Checker Using the Connectivity Information

김덕봉,최기선,강재우 서울대학교 어학연구소 1990 語學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

This paper describes the Hangul spelling and word-spacing checker, HSPELL. HSPELL was implemented in C and runs under UNIX^TM 4.3 BSD. The system finds spelling or word-spacing errors in the text of written Hangul and points out it by batch mode. For this processing, HSPELL uses the connectivity information between morphemes and the dictionary with 7,000 morphemes. In this paper, a morphological analysis method called shortest match strategy is proposed for the Hangul spelling and wordspacing checking. This method allows efficient search for separable morphemes in a word phrase.

退溪先生 胎生風水 硏究 : 朱子 高祖母墓와 比較分析을 通하여

김기선 慶北大學校 退溪硏究所 2003 退溪學과 韓國文化 Vol.- No.32

우리들은 흔히 '人傑는 地靈'이라는 말을 들어왔다. 오랜 세월 風水地理 工夫를 하면서 필자는 有名人士의 先祖 山所에는 반드시 明堂이 있었음을 확인한 바가 있다. 따라서 筆者는 '東方의 朱子'라고 불리고 있는 退溪 李滉先生(1501-1570)처럼 大儒學者의 경우에도 마찬가지일 것이라고 생각했다. 그러나 風水界에 잘 알려져 있는 眞城李氏 始祖산소, 퇴계선생 胎室, 그 옆의 祖父母와 父母山所 등을 보았으나 마음에 흡족하지는 못하였다. 그래서 나머지 祖上 산소인 鳴洞의 2세 松安君(자좌 병오파) 내외산소와 佳邱洞 가매기 3세(高祖父) 云候(자좌 병오파) 산소, 道律洞 3세비 安東權氏 산소(자좌) 와 鵲山先生의 증조부모 李禎墓와 安東金氏墓(임좌)들을 찾았다. 새로 방문한 산소들 모두가 비교적 좋은 편이었으나 그 중에서도 高祖父 산소가 正穴에 入葬되고 朝山도 秀麗하여 상당히 좋았지만 主山이 높지 못하고 明堂局勢가 狹小하여 鵲山先生의 曾祖父母 산소에는 미치지 못하였다. 曾祖父母 산소를 찾은 순간, '바로 이 山所였구나!' 하는 생각이 들 정도로 만족하였다. 主山이 文筆峯이요, 사방에 온통 一字文星이 둘렀으니 큰 學者가 나오지 않을 수가 없다는 생각이 들었다. 더구나 그 유명한 鶴駕山을 太祖山으로 하고 있으니, 퇴계선생과 같은 大儒學者 겸 高官이 나오는 자리가 될 것이 아닌가? 退溪先生과 같은 큰 선비나 大儒學者를 배출하는 데에는 鶴駕山과 같은 名山의 힘을 받은 文筆峰이나 一字文星이 主山이나 案山으로 짜낸 調和로운 明堂局이 필요하다고 본다. 風水工夫를 깊이 하려면 中國의 古代典籍들을 보지 않을 수가 없다. 그중에서도 明나라 徐善繼·徐善述 형제가 지은 『人子須知資孝地理心學統宗』이란 책에 朱子(1130-1200)는 高祖母 程氏夫人墓가 좋아서 태어났다고 했다. 그래서 두 묘를 한번 비교해 보면 재미있겠다는 생각이 들었다. 程氏夫人墓는 일찍이 宋의 국사인 吳景鸞이 點穴하면서 課記에 "오랜 세월이 흐른 후 孔子와 같은 聖人이 나오리라(當出一賢人聰明如孔子)"고 예언을 하고 事實로 판명된 묘로도 유명하다. 穴場은 산의 높은 곳에 위치하는 데다 물은 멀리 떨어져 있으니 初代에는 不利하므로 擴中을 파서 마무리할 때에 큰 바위로 눌러서 덮어야한다고 하였는데 후에 과연 不利하여 이장하려고 하였으나 바위 바위 때문에 그쳤다고 한다. 1,059년 그 곳에 朱子의 高祖母 程氏夫人墓를 쓰고 그 후인 1,130년에 朱子가 태어나 이처럼 課記에 符合하니, 徐善繼·徐善述 형제의 말처럼, 누가 風水地理를 否定할 수 있겠는가? 이제 퇴계선생의 曾祖父母墓(李禎墓)와 程氏夫人墓를 비교해 보도록 하자. 첫째, 大儒學者(文章·科第·顯貴·名譽)를 상징하는 커다란 文筆峰이 李禎墓에는 主山이 되었으나 程氏墓에서는 案山(鵝子峰)과 朝山(信州鴉山)이 되었다. 일반적으로 풍수에서 穴이 氣運을 받음에 있어 位置上으로는 主山이 더 좋지만 穴 자리의 性格을 端的으로 나타내는 案山과 朝山도 穴 자리가 힘이 있으면 무방하다. 李禎墓의 主山 文筆峰이 좀 弱한듯 하나 太祖山인 鶴駕山과 龍虎 및 案山의 一字文星이 補完해 주고 있다. 둘째, 坐向은 兩墓 共히 壬坐丙向이다. 셋째, 兩墓 共히 龍虎는 一字文星이다. 넷째, 兩墓 共히 重重包裏하여 調和로운 明堂局을 만들었다. 다섯째, 兩墓 共히 물이 九曲으로 흘러나간다.(程氏墓 처음은 元辰水) 여섯째, 兩墓 共히 穴 뒤쪽의 頭腦部位가 豊富하다. 以上에서 共通點을 추출해 보았으나 兩墓의 相異點을 對比해보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 李禎墓는 낮은 곳에 위치하나 程氏墓는 높은 곳에 있다. 둘째, 李禎墓는 直龍結穴이나 程氏墓는 橫龍結穴이다. 셋째, 李禎墓는 來龍이 弱하나 程氏墓는 强하다. 넷째, 李禎墓는 乳穴이나 程氏墓는 窩穴이다. 다섯째, 李禎墓는 仙人讀書形(신선이 책을 읽고 있는 모양)이나 程氏墓는 金斗穴梁上形(손잡이가 달린 다리미형)이다. 여섯째, 李禎墓는 內明堂局이 相對的으로 작지만 程氏墓는 外明堂局이 크다. 退溪先生의 曾祖父母 李禎內外墓와 朱子의 高祖母 程氏墓와 比較해볼 때, 主山 또는 朝案의 文筆峰과 龍虎案의 一字文星, 豊富한 頭腦部分과 彎環屈曲의 九曲水, 重重包裏 속에서의 調和로운 明堂局이 작용하고 있다는 共通點을 찾을 수 있었다. 우리들은 일일이 모르고 있지만, 실제로 朱子나 退溪先生의 例에서 보듯이, 偉大한 人物의 背後에는 合當한 明堂이 있었음을 確認하였다는 事實은 커다란 意義가 있다고 본다. 積善을 많이 베풀어서, 明堂에 살거나 先祖를 明堂에 모시면, 心身도 健康하고 運命을 改善할 수 있다. 그리고 偉大한 後孫을 배출하면 道義昻場과 文化暢達을 통하여 國家社會의 發展과 繁榮에도 寄與할 수 있다. From ancient times, Korean and Chinese felt they shared a fate with the earth. They saw a magical link between man and the landscape. So they used feng shui(風水) as a way of linking man's destiny with that of nature by placing graves and residences at auspicious spots, to tap the earth's chi(地氣), where the chi flows smoothly and yin and yang(陰陽) are in harmony, making a productive cycle of the five elements(五行). Nature imitates life. Life imitates nature. Feng shui, as a language of symbols, is the key to understanding the silent dialogue between man and nature. The environment takes on a metaphorical quality. They believed that unless the deceased were properly buried, the descendants would suffer. The offspring of an ancestor with an exceptionally good grave on the basis of accumulated virtuous deeds(積善) for generations, it is believed, will be rewarded with wealth, health, lots of sons, longevity, and even a high position. Besides its offspring, even the fate of a nation depends, it is said, on the correct location of the ruler's residence and the correct burial of his ancestors. According to The Form School(形勢學派), the mountain shapes & configurations(山形) can influence the deceased's descendants, while The Compass School(理氣學派) focuses on the orientation(方位). Man is thus affected by yin and yang dwellings(陰陽宅) - the houses of the dead and the places of the living. I assumed, it would he much more truthful especially when it comes to the case of distinguished scholar like Toegye. Therefore, this article is to examine the feng shui on the residency where Toegye(退溪), known as a Korean Chu Hsi(東方朱子), was born and the tomb sites of his ancestors to reveal which one of those influenced him most strongly to be born a great scholar, in comparison with the case of Chu Hsi(朱熹), a respected neo-Confucian Chinese scholar. The writer visited to find Toegye's great-grand parent's graves(曾祖父母墓), buried on the correct spots where one can find no geomagnetic disturbance phenomena(地磁氣 攪亂 現象), backed by mountain shaped like a calligraphy brush(文筆峰) as the high black tortoise mountain(玄武, 主山) and flanked by & facing many surrounding mountains, in many folds, shaped like the horizontal line(一字文星) impling a successful scholar, making a big round bright yard(大明堂) in the center with views of a front pond and a zigzagged, meandering flow of water, which, I am sure, spurred him scholarly success. In case of Chu Hsi, his great-great-grand mother's grave(高祖母墓) surrounded by various mountains in many folds, especially faced two high mountains shaped like a big calligraphy brush(大文筆峰) soared high in the sky as the lower & higher vermilion birds(朱雀, 朝案) making a bigger wide outer bright yard, which, it is said, actualized him to become a famous neo-Confucian scholar. Finally, we analyzed that very distinguished scholars like Toegye & Chu Hsi were born due to the exceptionally good graves of their ancestors, buried correctly on the most comfortable spots where one can find geomagnetic homogenization effect(地磁氣 均一化 效果), backed or faced by the mountains shaped like a big calligraphy brush comprising a successful scholar in terms of feng shui. Feng shui tells us that locating the correct & auspicious spot, through the accumulation of virtuous deeds, plays a decisive role in casting the destiny of the occupants(residences), its descendants(graves) and even a nation(residence of the ruler & graves of his ancestors, city's shapes & public planning). Let's improve and harmonize the environment for one's better life, a prosperous nation and a peaceful world!

Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation by a Benzothiazole Derivative

Kim, Eun-A,Kim, Han-Wook,Ahn, Jee-Yin,Hahn, Hoh-Gyu,Kim, Key-Sun,Kim, Tae-Ue,Cho, Sung-Woo Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.30 No.1

We previously reported that KHG21834, a benzothiazole derivative, attenuates the beta-amyloid (A${\beta}$)-induced degeneration of both cortical and mesencephalic neurons in vitro. Central nervous system inflammation mediated by activated microglia is a key event in the development of neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we show that KHG21834 suppresses inflammation-mediated cytokine upregulation. Specifically, KHG21834 induces significant reductions in the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of microglia and production of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interlukin-1${\beta}$, nitric oxide, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In addition, KHG21834 blocks the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK, p38 MAPK, JNK, and Akt. In vivo intracerebroventricular infusion of KHG21834 also leads to decreases the level of interleukin-1${\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in brain. These results, in combination with our previous findings on A${\beta}$-induced degeneration, support the potential therapeutic efficacy of KHG21834 for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders via the targeting of key glial activation pathways.

COLLOQUIA / CO6-5 : STRUCTURAL BASIS OF DEATH DOMAIN INTERACTIONS IN FADD - MEDIATED APOPTOSIS

(Key Sun Kim) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 1999 6th IUBMB SEOUL CONFERENCE Vol.- No.-

Suppression of Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity by 2-Cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline Hydrochloride in Rat Glial Cultures

Kim, Eun-A,Hahn, Hoh-Gyu,Kim, Key-Sun,Kim, Tae Ue,Choi, Soo Young,Cho, Sung-Woo Springer-Verlag 2010 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.30 No.5

Multifunctional Role of Fas - Associated Death Domain Protein in Apoptosis

Kim, Key Sun 생화학분자생물학회 1998 BMB Reports Vol.35 No.1

Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Controls Morphine Reward by Glutamate Receptor Activation in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mouse Brain

Kim, Juhwan,Lee, Sueun,Kang, Sohi,Jeon, Tae-Il,Kang, Man-Jong,Lee, Tae-Hoon,Kim, Yong Sik,Kim, Key-Sun,Im, Heh-In,Moon, Changjong Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.5

Crosstalk between G-protein signaling and glutamatergic transmission within the brain reward circuits is critical for long-term emotional effects (depression and anxiety), cravings, and negative withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid addiction. A previous study showed that Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) may be implicated in opiate action in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the mechanism of the NAc-specific RGS4 actions that induce the behavioral responses to opiates remains largely unknown. The present study used a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knock-down of RGS4 in the NAc of the mouse brain to investigate the relationship between the activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and RGS4 in the NAc during morphine reward. Additionally, the shRNA-mediated RGS4 knock-down was implemented in NAc/striatal primary-cultured neurons to investigate the role that striatal neurons have in the morphine-induced activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The results of this study show that the NAc-specific knock-down of RGS4 significantly increased the behaviors associated with morphine and did so by phosphorylation of the GluR1 (Ser831) and NR2A (Tyr1325) glutamate receptors in the NAc. Furthermore, the knock-down of RGS4 enhanced the phosphorylation of the GluR1 and NR2A glutamate receptors in the primary NAc/striatal neurons during spontaneous morphine withdrawal. These findings show a novel molecular mechanism of RGS4 in glutamatergic transmission that underlies the negative symptoms associated with morphine administration.

Multifunctional Role of Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein in Apoptosis

Kim, Key-Sun Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2002 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.35 No.1

Symposium 6 : Structural Biology and Enzymology ; Understanding complexity of signal transduction by multifunctional protein analysis

( Key Sun Kim ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2001 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2001 No.-