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Reiji Yoshimura,Taro Kish,Hikaru Hori,Atsuko Ikenouchi-Sugita,Wakako Umene-Nakano,Asuka Katsuki,Kenji Hayashi,Nakao Iwata,Jun Nakamura 대한정신약물학회 2012 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.10 No.1
Objective: This study examined the association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Val66Met) polymorphism and the response to the addition of an atypical antipsychotic drug to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) in treatment-refractory depression. Methods: The study enrolled 64 patients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for major depressive disorder who were treated with at least two courses of a single antidepressant, but who had Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) scores ≥15 points that were reduced less than 50% over at least a 4-week treatment period. There were 24 males and 40 females (age range 27-68 years; mean±SD, 48±13 years). The patients' clinical improvement was evaluated using the HAMD-17. Patients with at least a 50% decrease in the HAMD-17 score were defined as responders. Serum BDNF levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the presence of the BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism was determined using the TaqMan genotyping assay. Results: No correlation was found between the BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism and a positive response to adding an atypical antipsychotic drug. No differences were observed in the changes in the serum BDNF levels and HAMD-17 scores between Val66Val and Met-carriers. In addition, in patients who experienced remission, the atypical antipsychotic drug was discontinued after at least 3 months of treatment and the patients were then followed for 1 year; 14 of 27 patients (52%) relapsed within 1 year. Conclusion: These results suggest that the BDNF (Val66Met) polymorphism is not associated with the response to the augmentation of a SSRI or SNRI with an atypical antipsychotic drug, and that the combination of an atypical antipsychotic drug and a SSRI or SNRI should be continued for 3 months or more in refractory depressed patients in the Japanese population.
Japanese Kana-to-Kanji Conversion using Large Scale Collocation Data
( Yasuo Koyama ),( Masako Yasutake ),( Kenji Yoshimura ),( Kosho Shudo ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 국제 워크샵 Vol.1998 No.-
Japanese word processor or the computer used in Japen employs Japanese input method through keyboard stroke combined with Kona (phonetic) character to Kanji (ideographc, Chinese) character conversion technology. The key foctor of Kana-to-Kanji conversion technology is how to raise the accuracy of the conversion through the home-phone processing, since we have so many homophones. In this paper, we repart the results of our Kana-to-Kanji conversion experiments which embody homophone processing using extensive collocation data. It is shown that appraximately 135,000 collocation data yields 9.1% raise of the conversion accuracy compared with the prototype system which has no collocation data.
A Stereochemical Aspect of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Dependent Enzyme Reactions and Molecular Evolution
JHEE, KWANG-HWAN,YOSHIMURA, TOHRU,KUROKAWA, YOICHI,ESAKI, NOBUYOSHI,SODA, KENJI 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1999 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.9 No.6
We have studied the stereospecificities of various pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes for the hydrogen transfer between the C-4' of a bound coenzyme and the C-2 of a substrate in the transamination catalyzed by the enzymes. Stereospecificities reflect the structures of enzyme active-sites, in particular the geometrical relationship between the coenzyme-substrate Schiff base and the active site base participating in an α-hydrogen abstraction. The PLP enzymes studied so far catalyze only a si-face specific (pro-S) hydrogen transfer. This stereochemical finding suggests that the PLP enzymes have the same topological active-site structures, and that the PLP enzymes have evolved divergently from a common ancestral protein. However, we found that D-amino acid aminotransferase, branched chain L.-amino acid aminotransferase, and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase, which have significant sequence homology with one another, catalyze a re-face specific (pro-R) hydrogen transfer. We also showed that PLP-dependent amino acid racemases, which have no sequence homology with any aminotransferases, catalyze a non-stereospecific hydrogen transfer: the hydrogen transfer occurs on both faces of the planar intermediate. Crystallographical studies have shown that the catalytic base is situated on the re-face of the C-4' of the bound coenzyme in D-amino acid aminotransferase and branched chain L-amino acid aminotransferase, whereas the catalytic base is situated on the si-face in other aminotransferases (such as L-aspartate aminotransferase) catalyzing the si-face hydrogen transfer. Thus, we have clarified the stereospecificities of PLP enzymes in relation with the primary structures and three-dimensional structures of the enzymes. The characteristic stereospecificities of these enzymes for the hydrogen transfer suggest the convergent evolution of PLP enzymes.
Yuki Tokutsu,Wakako Umene-Nakano,Takahiro Shinkai,Reiji Yoshimura,Tatsuya Okamoto,Asuka Katsuki,Hikaru Hori,Atsuko Ikenouchi-Sugita,Kenji Hayashi,Kiyokazu Atake,Jun Nakamura 대한정신약물학회 2013 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.11 No.1
Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has proven to be effective in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In recent reports,70% to 90% of patients with TRD responded to ECT. However, post-ECT relapse is a significant problem. There are no studies investigating risk factors associated with reintroducing ECT in depressive patients after remission previously achieved with former ECT. The aim of the present study is to examine such risk factors using a sample of TRD patients. Methods: We conducted a chart review to examine patient outcomes and adverse events over short- and long-term periods. Forty-two patients met the criteria for major depressive disorder. Results: The response rate was 85.7% (36/42). There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of patients exhibiting remission, response or non-response. The rate of adverse events was 21.4% (9/42). Among 34 patients who were available for follow-up, 18 patients relapsed (relapse rate, 52.9%), and 6 patients were reintroduced to ECT. The patients’ age and age of onset were significantly higher in the re-ECT group than non re-ECT group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that older age and older age of onset might be considered for requirement of re-ECT after remission previously achieved with former ECT.