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        Review : The 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 Receptor Agonist-induced Actions and Enteric Neurogenesis in the Gut

        ( Miyako Takaki ),( Kei Goto ),( Isao Kawahara ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.1

        We explored a novel effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonists in vivo to reconstruct the enteric neural circuitry that mediates a fundamental distal gut reflex. The neural circuit insult was performed in guinea pigs and rats by rectal transection and anastomosis. A 5-HT4R-agonist, mosapride citrate (MOS) applied orally and locally at the anastomotic site for 2 weeks promoted the regeneration of the impaired neural circuit or the recovery of the distal gut reflex. MOS generated neurofilament-, 5-HT4R- and 5-bromo-2`-deoxyuridine-positive cells and formed neural network in the granulation tissue at the anastomosis. Possible neural stem cell markers increased during the same time period. These novel actions by MOS were inhibited by specific 5-HT4R-antagonist such as GR113808 (GR) or SB-207266. The activation of enteric neural 5-HT4R promotes reconstruction of an enteric neural circuit that involves possibly neural stem cells. We also succeeded in forming dense enteric neural networks by MOS in a gut differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells. GR abolished the formation of enteric neural networks. MOS up-regulated the expression of mRNA of 5-HT4R, and GR abolished this upregulation, suggesting MOS differentiated enteric neural networks, mediated via activation of 5-HT4R. In the small intestine in H-line: Thy1 promoter green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice, we obtained clear 3-dimensional imaging of enteric neurons that were newly generated by oral application of MOS after gut transection and anastomosis. All findings indicate that treatment with 5-HT4R-agonists could be a novel therapy for generating new enteric neurons to rescue aganglionic disorders in the whole gut. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:17-30)

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        The Current State and Future of Plasma Cell-Free DNA Analysis in Urologic Malignancies

        Shusuke Akamatsu,Kei Mizuno,Takayuki Sumiyoshi,Takayuki Goto,Takashi Kobayashi 대한비뇨기종양학회 2023 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.21 No.1

        Genomic medicine based on comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, there are certain limitations to CGP based on tissue analysis. Liquid biopsy, particularly plasma cellfree DNA (cfDNA), has emerged as a less invasive source of information to complement tissue-based analysis. To use cfDNA analysis effectively in the clinical setting, it is important to know the characteristics and specific limitations of cfDNA analysis. Moreover, the utility of cfDNA testing differs between cancer types, which is not widely recognized. Furthermore, in addition to its use in CGP, there are broader applications for cfDNA testing, including its use in detecting minimal residual disease or even epigenomic profiling. In this review, we first describe the detailed characteristics of cfDNA and the limitations of cfDNA analysis, and then focus on the utility of cfDNA analysis in urologic malignancies.

      • Automatic Judgment of Open/Closed Eye States for Accurate Interpretation of Awake Background EEG

        Ayon Kumar Das,Takenao Sugi,Yoshitaka Matsuda,Satoru Goto,Shigeto Nishida,Kei sato,Keiko Usui,Takefumi Hitomi,Masao Matsuhashi,Akio Ikeda,Takashi Nagamine,Hiroshi Shibasaki 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

        Automatic judgment of open/closed eye states from the awake background electroencephalogram (EEG) recording has been always in a high demand for neurological signal analysis and plays an important role for posterior dominant rhythm (PDR) analysis. PDR appears predominantly in occipital lobes and contains significant information for interpreting fundamental brain dysfunctions. The aim of this research is to develop a system that can properly differentiate between open and closed eye states, so that some specific segments can be chosen for PDR analysis that appears just after eye open/close. In this proposed method, a computer assisted automatic system for eye-opening/closing detection from awake background EEG has been developed. EEG data that was visually inspected by a qualified electroencephalographer (EEGer) was taken into account for separating open and closed eye states by creating parameters for each states. Later using those parameters and conditions, new equations were developed and implemented for accurate detection of open/closed eye. Based on the automatic detection result, some specific segments that appears just after eye open/close will be selected for PDR analysis. Organization, frequency, amplitude and their asymmetry these characteristics will be taken into account for PDR analysis.

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