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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : ( Kashif Khan ) (검색결과 35 건)
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Conversion of petroleum emulsion into light fraction-rich upgraded oil in supercritical methanol
Khan, Muhammad Kashif,Kwek, Winarto,Kim, Jaehoon Elsevier 2018 Fuel Vol.218 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Unconventional crude oil extraction, transportation, and downstream refining have encountered a huge formation of petroleum emulsion (or rag layer), which causes serious problems such as equipment corrosion, loss of crude oil, and catalyst poisoning. In addition, if not treated properly, the rag layer engenders toxic and hazardous effects on the environment and living organisms. In this study, we developed a supercritical methanol (scMeOH) route to convert the petroleum emulsions into light fraction-rich upgraded oil with low impurities. Several process variables were investigated, including temperature (350–400 °C), rag layer concentration (16.7–100 wt%), and reaction time (30–90 min). At 400 °C, 35 MPa, 16.7 wt%, and 90 min, a high recoverable oil yield (76.7 wt%) was achieved. In addition, the naphtha-to-diesel fractions increased significantly from 6.0 (rag layer) to 42.0 wt% (upgraded oil), the acidity in terms of total acid number (TAN) was reduced by up to 91.5% from 58.7 (rag layer) to 5.0 mg-KOH/g-oil (upgraded oil), and the heteroatoms (O, N, S) and metallic impurities (Ca, Ni, V, Fe) were reduced significantly in the upgraded oil. A model compound study revealed that esterification is the major deacidification pathway for TAN reduction. The rag layer conversion in scMeOH was compared with those in subcritical water (without adding additional methanol or water) and in supercritical water (scH<SUB>2</SUB>O). Asphaltenes, Ni, and N were completely removed from the toxic rag layer in the presence of scMeOH as compared to scH<SUB>2</SUB>O treatment, which makes it more suitable for upgrading.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recalcitrant petroleum emulsion was demulsified completely in supercritical methanol. </LI> <LI> Almost complete removal of asphaltene, Ni and V at 400 °C and 35 MPa. </LI> <LI> Naphtha to diesel range fractions increased from 6 to 42 wt%. </LI> <LI> More than 90% toxic naphthenic acids were removed. </LI> <LI> Esterification was major reaction pathway in deacidification of model compounds. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Upgrading Heavy Crude Oils and Extra Heavy Fractions in Supercritical Methanol
Khan, Muhammad Kashif,Kwek, Winarto,Kim, Jaehoon ACS AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017 ENERGY AND FUELS Vol.31 No.11
<P>Herein, we report a method of upgrading unconventional crude oils and extra heavy fractions using supercritical methanol (scMeOH) and compare it to supercritical water (scH<SUB>2</SUB>O)-based and pyrolytic upgrading. The yields and properties of upgraded oil are explored as functions of operating parameters (temperature, pressure, and concentration) and feedstocks for high-acid crude oils (Laguna and Bachaquero-13), a heavy crude oil (Rubiales), and a vacuum tower bottom (VTB). As a result, scMeOH upgrading of unconventional crude oils at 400 °C and 30 MPa effectively reduced their asphaltene content to ∼0 wt % and increased that of naphtha–diesel fractions to 30–40 wt %. Conversely, a considerable amount of asphaltenes (8.8–10.0 wt %) was present in oil upgraded using scH<SUB>2</SUB>O and pyrolysis. Additionally, scMeOH upgrading resulted in a more effective reduction of the total acid number (TAN) of high-acid crude oils (<0.5 mg of KOH/g of oil) compared to values achieved by scH<SUB>2</SUB>O and pyrolysis methods. Finally, scMeOH treatment significantly reduced the metal (Ni, V, and Fe) content of the upgraded oil. The effective asphaltene content and TAN reduction realized in scMeOH was attributed to its hydrogen donation and esterification ability, with plausible mechanisms of scMeOH, scH<SUB>2</SUB>O, and pyrolytic upgrading presented and discussed in detail.</P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ef7b02524'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Efficient oil recovery from highly stable toxic oily sludge using supercritical water
Khan, Muhammad Kashif,Cahyadi, Handi Setiadi,Kim, Sung-Min,Kim, Jaehoon Elsevier 2019 Fuel Vol.235 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>One of the main challenges in crude oil extraction and refining is the formation of highly toxic intractable petroleum emulsions (oily sludge). Herein, the simultaneous demulsification and recovery of oil with low impurity content, trapped in petroleum emulsions, was investigated using supercritical water (scH<SUB>2</SUB>O). Various parameters, including temperature (350–400 °C), pressure (25–35 MPa), emulsion concentration (10–100 wt%), and reaction time (30–120 min) were explored to establish the optimized conditions. At 400 °C, the asphaltene content (23.7–3.4 wt%) and total acid number (15.4–2.8 mg-KOH/g-oil) decreased significantly, while the naphtha-to-diesel fraction increased from 9 to 21 wt%. These results indicated effective cracking of the toxic interfacially active species to form their non-toxic, non-interfacially active counterparts. By removing the interfacially active compounds that stabilize the petroleum emulsion, clear oil-water separation was achieved after conversion in scH<SUB>2</SUB>O, thereby facilitating the recovery of the upgraded oil. Additionally, heteroatoms and metallic impurities in the upgraded oil were significantly reduced [reduction efficiencies: 79% (V), 69% (Ni), 99% (Ca), 23% (S), 82% (N)]. Finally, plausible reaction mechanisms for the removal of interfacially active compounds were discussed using model compound reactions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Complete demulsification of toxic oily sludge by non-catalytic supercritical water. </LI> <LI> Efficient oil recovery of 75–80 wt% with negligible coke and gas formation. </LI> <LI> Asphaltenes, nitrogen and residue reduction were 90, 82 and 68% respectively at 400 °C. </LI> <LI> Acidity and heavy metals were sufficiently reduced. </LI> <LI> Alkyl-CO<SUB>2</SUB> and Aryl-CO<SUB>2</SUB> bond scissions are major pathways for deacidification. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan,Abid Aslam Maan,Rana Muhammad Aadil,Akmal Nazir,Masood Sadiq Butt,Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid,Muhammad Inam Afzal 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4
Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel Microwave Assisted Drying and Extraction technique (MADE) for simultaneous drying and extraction/recovery of bioactive compounds from model food products. The time required for drying of samples was 11 (onion) and 16 (ginger) minutes with recovery yield of 87% (onion) and 85% (ginger). The drying time was reduced to 100 times compared to hot air drying and moisture ratio of dried samples was best described by Midilli model. The diffusivities of onion and ginger slices were 1.27 e-11 and 1.43 e-11 m2/s, respectively. Moreover, microwave-based extraction was compared with conventional one. The results of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of condensates obtained through MADE were higher compared to conventional method. In short, MADE exhibited better yield of extraction and drying properties compared to conventional methods.
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Nostalgia Advertising and Consumer Purchase Intention: An Empirical Study from Pakistan
Kashif RIAZ,Syed Karamatullah HUSSAINY,Kamran KHAN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.4
Nostalgia advertising is one of the key and effective tools for marketers to capture the attention of consumers. Prior studies have identified two types of nostalgia, personal and historical. The aim of this research is to learn more about historical nostalgia and its influence on consumer brand purchase intentions. A convenience sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 182 respondents via Google forms. The study then used partial least square structural equation modeling. In PLS-SEM, we applied a measurement model to obtain the results related to reliability, validity, and model fitness. Once the desired results are achieved, the study proceeded to the structural model where results related to hypotheses were obtained. The study’s findings corroborated the literature, revealing that historical nostalgia advertisements have a significant impact on consumers’ cognition and emotions, leading to an effect on attitudes. The serial process has the effect of influencing consumer buying intentions. Hence, the importance of nostalgia advertising proposed in the study was established through empirical evidence. Policymakers, organizations, and advertising agencies in Pakistan are recommended to implement nostalgia advertising techniques based on the findings and are encouraged to do so for immediate benefits.
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Manzoor Kashif,Rasool Fayyaz,Khan Noor,Anjum Khalid Mahmood,Parveen Shakeela 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.5
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most significant fish pathogens, causes edwardsiellosis in a variety of freshwater fish species, and its antibiotic resistance against multiple drugs has made it a health risk worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes of E. tarda and establish its antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, 540 fish (299 Oreochromis niloticus, 138 O.mossambicus, and 103 O. aureus) were collected randomly from twelve fish farms in three districts of Punjab in Pakistan. E. tarda was recovered from 147 fish showing symptoms of exophthalmia, hemorrhages, skin depigmentation, ascites, and bacteria-filled nodules in enlarged liver and kidney. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing proved chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin effective, but amoxicillin, erythromycin, and flumequine ineffective in controlling edwardsiellosis. Maximum occurrence of qnrA, blaTEM, and sul3 genes of E. tarda was detected in 45% in the liver, 58%, and 42% respectively in the intestine; 46.5%, 67.2%, and 55.9% respectively in O. niloticus; 24%, 36%, and 23% respectively in summer with respect to fish organs, species, and season, respectively. Motility, H2S, indole, methyl red, and glucose tests gave positive results. Overall, E. tarda infected 27.2% of fish, which ultimately caused 7.69% mortality. The Chi-squared test of independence showed a significant difference in the occurrence of ABR genes of E. tarda with respect to sampling sites. In conclusion, the misuse of antibacterial agents has led to the emergence of ABR genes in E. tarda, which in association with high temperatures cause multiple abnormalities in infected fish and ultimately resulting in massive mortality.
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