General Formulas for Evaluation of Singular Modulus of the Complete Elliptic Integral

K. R. Vasuki,G. Sharath,N. Bhaskar 장전수학회 2010 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.20 No.1

The complete elliptic integral of the first kind K(k) is defined for 0 < k < 1 by K(k) := π /2Ɵ=0dƟ/√1 − k2 sin2 ƟThe real number k is called the modulus of the elliptic integral. The complementary modulus is k' = √1 − k2 (0 < k' < 1). Let ⋋ be a positive integer. The equation K(k') = √K(k),defines a unique real number k(k') (0 < k' < 1) called the singular modulus of K(k). In this paper, we establish certain general formulas for evaluating k(λ), by employing Ramanujan’s modular equation.

Group nearest-neighbor queries in the L₁ plane

Son, W.,Bae, S.W.,Ahn, H.K. North-Holland Pub. Co ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Theoretical computer science Vol.592 No.-

<P>Let P be a set of n points in the plane. The k-nearest-neighbor (abbreviated as k-NN) query problem is to preprocess P into a data structure that quickly reports k closest points in P for a query point q. This paper addresses a generalization of the k-NN query problem to a query set Q of points, namely, the group k-nearest-neighbor query problem, in the L-1 plane. More precisely, a query is assigned with a set Q of at most m points and a positive integer k with k <= n, and the distance between a point p of P and a query set Q is defined as the sum of L-1 distances from p to all q is an element of Q. The maximum number m of query points Q is assumed to be known in advance and to be at most n. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, one based on the range tree and the other based on a data structure for segment dragging queries, and obtain the following complexity bounds: (1) a group k-NN query can be handled in O (T-min log n + (k + m(2))(log logn + logm)) time after preprocessing P using O(m(2)nlog(2)n) space, where T-min = min {k + m, m(2)}, or (2) a group k-NN query can be handled in O ((k + m)log(2) n + m(2)(log(is an element of) n + log m)) time after preprocessing P using O (m(2)n) space, where is an element of > 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. We also show that our approach can be applied to the weighted group k-nearest-neighbor query problem and the group k-farthest-neighbor query problem. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Stoichiometric Layered Potassium Transition Metal Oxide for Rechargeable Potassium Batteries

Kim, Haegyeom,Seo, Dong-Hwa,Urban, Alexander,Lee, Jinhyuk,Kwon, Deok-Hwang,Bo, Shou-Hang,Shi, Tan,Papp, Joseph K.,McCloskey, Bryan D.,Ceder, Gerbrand American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.18

<P>K-ion batteries are promising alternative energy storage systems for large-scale applications because of the globally abundant K reserves. K-ion batteries benefit from the lower standard redox potential of K/K<SUP>+</SUP> than that of Na/Na<SUP>+</SUP> and even Li/Li<SUP>+</SUP>, which can translate into a higher working voltage. Stable KC<SUB>8</SUB> can also be formed via K intercalation into a graphite anode, which contrasts with the thermodynamically unfavorable Na intercalation into graphite, making graphite a readily available anode for K-ion battery technology. However, to construct practical rocking-chair K-ion batteries, an appropriate cathode material that can accommodate reversible K release and storage is still needed. We show that stoichiometric KCrO<SUB>2</SUB> with a layered O3-type structure can function as a cathode for K-ion batteries and demonstrate a practical rocking-chair K-ion battery. In situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical titration demonstrate that K<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>CrO<SUB>2</SUB> is stable for a wide K content, allowing for topotactic K extraction and reinsertion. We further explain why stoichiometric KCrO<SUB>2</SUB> is unique in forming the layered structure unlike other stoichiometric K-transition metal oxide compounds, which form nonlayered structures; this fundamental understanding provides insight for the future design of other layered cathodes for K-ion batteries.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Urea와 K₂SO₄ 처리에 의한 복숭아 '미백도'에서 수확 시 과실의 무기성분 농도 및 과피색 변화

문병우,윤익구,문영지,남기웅,이영철,Moon, B.W.,Yoon, I.K.,Moon, Y.J.,Nam, K.W.,Lee, Y.C. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2013 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.15 No.1

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of Urea and K₂SO₄ treatment at stone hardening stage and 20 days before harvest on soil chemical properties, mineral nutrient concentration and quality of 'Mibaekdo' fruit peach. K concentration after Urea and K₂SO₄ treatment in soil was increased significantly by Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g/tree(standard amount) treatment at stone hardening stage, K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray, Urea 81g+K₂SO₄ 94g/tree(half amount), Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g/tree and Urea 324g+K₂SO₄ 376g/tree(double amount) soil treatment before harvest 20 days compared to control. T-N, K and Ca concentration in leaf was increased significantly by all treatment. but Na concentration in leaf was increased by Urea 0.5% and K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray treatment before harvest 20 days. T-N concentration in fruit skin was increased significantly by standard amount soil treatment, which decreased by K₂SO₄ 1.0% tree-spray and half amount soil treatment. T-N, K and Ca concentration in fruit flesh(1~10mm depth flesh from peel) were increased markedly by all treatment excepted Urea 0.5% tree-spray. The leaf weight at harvest was increased markedly by Urea 0.5% tree-spray, standard amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit weight was increased significantly by standard amount compared to all treatment. Red fruit skin(Hunter a value) progress was effective by K₂SO₄ tree-spray, half amount and double amount treatment before harvest 20 days. Fruit SSC was increased significantly by Urea 0.5% and K₂SO₄ tree-spray before harvest 20 days, standard amount treatment at stone hardening stage compared to control.

Study of B^+/-→K^+/-(K_SKπ)⁰ decay and determination of η_c and η_c(2S) parameters

Belle Collaboration,Vinokurova, A.,Kuzmin, A.,Eidelman, S.,Arinstein, K.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Bakich, A.M.,Balagura, V.,Barberio, E.,Belous, K.,Bhardwaj, V.,Bondar, A.,Bozek, A.,Bracko, M.,Brodzic North-Holland Pub. Co 2011 Physics letters: B Vol.706 No.2

We report the results of a study of B<SUP>+/-</SUP>→K<SUP>+/-</SUP>η<SUB>c</SUB> and B<SUP>+/-</SUP>→K<SUP>+/-</SUP>η<SUB>c</SUB>(2S) decays followed by η<SUB>c</SUB> and η<SUB>c</SUB>(2S) decays to (K<SUB>S</SUB>Kπ)<SUP>0</SUP>. The results are obtained from a data sample containing 535 million BB@?-meson pairs collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> collider. We measure the products of the branching fractions B(B<SUP>+/-</SUP>→K<SUP>+/-</SUP>η<SUB>c</SUB>)B(η<SUB>c</SUB>→K<SUB>S</SUB>K<SUP>+/-</SUP>π<SUP>@?</SUP>)=(26.7+/-1.4(stat)<SUB>-2.6</SUB><SUP>+2.9</SUP>(syst)+/-4.9(model))x10<SUP>-6</SUP> and B(B<SUP>+/-</SUP>→K<SUP>+/-</SUP>η<SUB>c</SUB>(2S))B(η<SUB>c</SUB>(2S)→K<SUB>S</SUB>K<SUP>+/-</SUP>π<SUP>@?</SUP>)=(3.4<SUB>-1.5</SUB><SUP>+2.2</SUP>(stat+model)<SUB>-0.4</SUB><SUP>+0.5</SUP>(syst))x10<SUP>-6</SUP>. Interference with the non-resonant component leads to significant model uncertainty in the measurement of these product branching fractions. Our analysis accounts for this interference and allows the model uncertainty to be reduced. We also obtain the following charmonia masses and widths: M(η<SUB>c</SUB>)=(2985.4+/-1.5(stat)<SUB>-2.0</SUB><SUP>+0.5</SUP>(syst)) MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP>, Γ(η<SUB>c</SUB>)=(35.1+/-3.1(stat)<SUB>-1.6</SUB><SUP>+1.0</SUP>(syst)) MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP>, M(η<SUB>c</SUB>(2S))=(3636.1<SUB>-4.2</SUB><SUP>+3.9</SUP>(stat+model)<SUB>-2.0</SUB><SUP>+0.7</SUP>(syst)) MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP>, Γ(η<SUB>c</SUB>(2S))=(6.6<SUB>-5.1</SUB><SUP>+8.4</SUP>(stat+model)<SUB>-0.9</SUB><SUP>+2.6</SUP>(syst)) MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP>.

MOBILE NYLON BAG 기법에 의한 NaOH 처리 보리의 젖소 각 소화관내 영양소 분해율 측정

김병기(B . K . Kim),문여황(Y . H . Moon),이상철(S . C . Lee) 한국영양사료학회 1995 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.19 No.4

Expression levels of three bacterial blight resistance genes against K3a race of Korea by molecular and phenotype analysis in japonica rice (O. sativa L.)

Jung-Pil Suh,Tae-Hwan Noh,Ki-Young Kim,Jeong-Ju Kim,Yeon-Gyu Kim,Kshirod K. Jena 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.3

Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive disease of rice in the major rice growing countries of Asia. In 2003, a serious bacterial blight epidemic occurred in the southwestern coastal areas in Korea, causing significant yield loss due to the emergence of a new race, K3a. IR24 near-isogenic lines containing Xa4, xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes conferred different degrees of resistance to the most virulent K3a isolate, HB01009 in an inoculation experiment in the greenhouse. Expression levels of the resistance genes, Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 were studied in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between elite japonica cultivars and an advanced backcross breeding line possessing Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 genes. F2 progenies segregated for K3a resistance (R) and susceptible (S) phenotypes in a ratio of 3(R):1(S) indicated that K3a resistance was controlled by a major dominant gene. Three PCR markers tightly linked to the resistance genes Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 confirmed the presence of the genes and their interaction with each gene. This study demonstrated that the Xa21 gene dominantly contributed to K3a resistance. However, the Xa4 gene also contributed to the full expression of resistance. The level of expression of strong resistance to K3a race was attributed to the presence of Xa21 and Xa4 genes irrespective of the presence of xa5 gene. Our results suggest that the R-gene combinations of Xa4+Xa21 could be a useful and effective strategy toward improving resistance to K3a race of Korean japonica cultivars. Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive disease of rice in the major rice growing countries of Asia. In 2003, a serious bacterial blight epidemic occurred in the southwestern coastal areas in Korea, causing significant yield loss due to the emergence of a new race, K3a. IR24 near-isogenic lines containing Xa4, xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes conferred different degrees of resistance to the most virulent K3a isolate, HB01009 in an inoculation experiment in the greenhouse. Expression levels of the resistance genes, Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 were studied in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between elite japonica cultivars and an advanced backcross breeding line possessing Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 genes. F2 progenies segregated for K3a resistance (R) and susceptible (S) phenotypes in a ratio of 3(R):1(S) indicated that K3a resistance was controlled by a major dominant gene. Three PCR markers tightly linked to the resistance genes Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 confirmed the presence of the genes and their interaction with each gene. This study demonstrated that the Xa21 gene dominantly contributed to K3a resistance. However, the Xa4 gene also contributed to the full expression of resistance. The level of expression of strong resistance to K3a race was attributed to the presence of Xa21 and Xa4 genes irrespective of the presence of xa5 gene. Our results suggest that the R-gene combinations of Xa4+Xa21 could be a useful and effective strategy toward improving resistance to K3a race of Korean japonica cultivars.

Formaldehyde 처리 귀리의 젖소 소화관내 영양소 분해율 측정

이상철(S . C . Lee),김병기(B . K . Kim),문여황(Y . H . Moon),문점동(C . D . Moon),안병홍(B . H . Ahn) 한국영양사료학회 1996 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Comparison of the Effect of Vitamin K2 and Risedronate on Trabecular Bone in Glucocorticoid-Treated Rats: A Bone Histomorphometry Study

Jun Iwamoto,Hideo Matsumoto,Tsuyoshi Tadeda,Yoshihiro Sato,James K. Yeh 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.2

Purpose: To compare the effect of vitamin K2 and risedronate on trabecular bone in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley female rats, 3 months of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into 5 groups according to the following treatment schedule: age-matched control, GC administration, and GC administration with concomitant administration of vitamin K2, risedronate, or vitamin K2 + risedronate. GC (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5.0 mg/kg) and risedronate (10 μg/kg) were administered subcutaneously three and five times a week, respectively. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg) was administered orally three times a week. At the end of the 8-week experiment, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on trabecular bone of the tibial proximal metaphysis. Results: GC administration decreased trabecular bone mass compared with age-matched controls because of decreased bone formation (mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate) and increased bone erosion. Vitamin K2 attenuated GC-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing GC-induced decrease in bone formation (mineralizing surface) and subsequently reducing GC-induced increase in bone erosion. Risedronate prevented GC-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing GC-induced increase in bone erosion although it also suppressed bone formation (mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate). Vitamin K2 mildly attenuated suppression of bone formation (mineralizing surface) and bone erosion caused by risedronate without affecting trabecular bone mass when administered in combination. Conclusion: The present study showed differential effect of vitamin K2 and risedronate on trabecular bone in GC-treated rats. Purpose: To compare the effect of vitamin K2 and risedronate on trabecular bone in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley female rats, 3 months of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into 5 groups according to the following treatment schedule: age-matched control, GC administration, and GC administration with concomitant administration of vitamin K2, risedronate, or vitamin K2 + risedronate. GC (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5.0 mg/kg) and risedronate (10 μg/kg) were administered subcutaneously three and five times a week, respectively. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg) was administered orally three times a week. At the end of the 8-week experiment, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on trabecular bone of the tibial proximal metaphysis. Results: GC administration decreased trabecular bone mass compared with age-matched controls because of decreased bone formation (mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate) and increased bone erosion. Vitamin K2 attenuated GC-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing GC-induced decrease in bone formation (mineralizing surface) and subsequently reducing GC-induced increase in bone erosion. Risedronate prevented GC-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing GC-induced increase in bone erosion although it also suppressed bone formation (mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate). Vitamin K2 mildly attenuated suppression of bone formation (mineralizing surface) and bone erosion caused by risedronate without affecting trabecular bone mass when administered in combination. Conclusion: The present study showed differential effect of vitamin K2 and risedronate on trabecular bone in GC-treated rats.

Bacteroides fragilis의 독소 유전자 분석 및 발병기전에 관한 연구

오희복,이근영,정경태,성원근 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-