연잎, 연자육, 연자방 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 활성

이은주(Eun-Joo Lee),서유미(Yu-Mi Seo),김용현(Yong-Hyun Kim),정정욱(Chungwook Chung),성화정(Hwa-Jung Sung),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn),박종이(Jong-Yi Park),김종식(Jong-Sik Kim) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.4

연은 아시아 국가에서 음식과 약재로 널리 사용되는 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 연의 잎(leaf, NL), 자육(seed, NS), 자방(seedpod, NSP)으로부터 에탄올 추출물을 제조하고 이들의 항염증 활성과 작용기전을 규명하였다. 이들의 항염증 활성을 연구하기 위하여 LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 nitric oxide (NO) 생산을 측정하였다. NL, NS, NSP는 세포 생존율에 영향을 주지 않으면서, 농도의존적으로 NO의 생산을 현저하게 저해하였으며, iNOS 및 COX-2와 같은 pro-inflammatory 중재자들의 단백질 발현을 감소시켰다. 또한, NL, NS, NSP는 MAPKs 단백질의 인신화를 감소시키고 NF-κB p65의 핵으로의 이동을 저해함으로써, 세 추출물에 의한 항염증 활성은 MAPKs 경로와 NF-κB 경로를 조절함으로써 이루어짐을 제시한다. 게다가, ROS의 생성이 세 추출물에 의해서 모두 저해되었으며, HO-1의 발현과 HO-1의 전사조절인자인 Nrf2의 핵으로의 이동이 증가되었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구결과는 연의 다양한 부위의 추출물인 NL, NS 그리고 NSP는 항염증 활성을 가지고 있으며, MAPKs, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1 등 다양한 신호경로를 통해 조절할 수 있음을 제시한다. Nelumbo nucifera, also known as sacred lotus, has mainly been used as a food throughout the Asian countries. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extracts from leaf (NL), seed (NS), and seedpod (NSP) of Nelumbo nucifera and investigated their anti-inflammatory activities in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of NL, NS, and NSP, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. NL, NS, and NSP significantly reduced NO production in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viabilities. NL, NS, and NSP dramatically decreased the protein expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2. NL, NS, and NSP also suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 indicating they have their anti-inflammatory activities via regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. In addition, we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment of NL, NS, and NSP. All extracts reduced ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. And also, they increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and the nuclear translocation of nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2). In conclusion, our results suggest that Nelumbo nucifera has its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.

건조 상추 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 활성

이은주(Eun-Joo Lee),서유미(Yu-Mi Seo),김용현(Yong-Hyun Kim),정정욱(Chungwook Chung),성화정(Hwa-Jung Sung),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn),박종이(Jong-Yi Park),김종식(Jong-Sik Kim) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

상추는 가장 선호하는 녹색 채소 중 하나이다. 상추는 폴리페놀성 화합물을 비롯한 다양한 성분을 함유하고 있으며, 항균, 항산화, 항염증 등의 생리활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 건조상추의 에탄올 추출물(DLE)을 제조하고 이들의 항염증 활성을 연구하였다. DLE의 항염증 활성을 측정하기 위하여 LPS로 활성화된 마우스 대식세포 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 nitric oxide (NO) 생성을 측정하였다. DLE는 세포주의 생존에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 NO 생산을 현저하게 저해하였다. DLE에 의해 염증 유전자인 iNOS와 COX-2의 유전자와 단백질의 발현이 모두 감소하였으며, 6개의 염증관련 cytokine 유전자(IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1F6, TNF-α, CSF2, 그리고 CXCL10)의 발현이 모두 감소하였다. 또한, DLE의 처리는 MAPKs 경로의 인산화를 모두 저해하였으며, NF-κB p65의 핵으로의 이동을 저해하였다. 이러한 결과는 DLE의 항염증 활성은 MAPKs 경로와 NF-κB 경로를 조절함으로써 이루어짐을 시사한다. 또한, DLE는 농도의존적으로 reactive oxygen species (ROS)의 생산을 저해하였으며, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) 단백질의 발현을 증가시켰으며, HO-1의 전사조절인자인 Nrf2의 핵으로의 이동을 증가시켰다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구결과는 DLE가 염증관련 유전자의 발현을 감소시키며, MAPKs, NF-κB, 그리고 Nrf2/HO-1 등 다양한 경로를 조절함으로써 항염증 활성을 가지는 것을 제시한다. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most popular green leafy vegetables, and it contains various beneficial components including polyphenolic compounds and has been known to possess various biological functions such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extract of dried lettuce (DLE) and investigated its anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of DLE, nitric oxide (NO) production was measured in LPS-activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. DLE significantly suppressed NO production in these cells without affecting cell viabilities while resveratrol was used as a positive control. DLE dramatically decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2 at the mRNA and protein levels and reduced the expression of several cytokines including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1F6, TNF-α, CSF2 and CXCL10. In addition, DLE suppressed phosphorylation of MAPKs and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 indicating DLE shows its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs pathway and NF-κB pathways. And also, DLE reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner. DLE increased HO-1 protein expression, and also increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Overall, our results suggest that lettuce down-regulate various pro-inflammatory genes and have its anti-inflammatory activity via regulating MAPKs, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.

급성하벽심근경색에서 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의

정병천,배호상,곽동훈,김영태,배용학,황종현,임현주,류재근,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자에서 심전도상 흔히 동반되는 전흉부유도 ST절 하강의 의의를 알아보았다. 방법 : 심근경색후 24시간에서 48시간에 얻은 심전도를 기준으로 52명의 급성하벽심근경색증 환자를 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누었으며 심도자, 관상동맥조영술, 심초음파도 및 방사성 핵종을 이용한 좌심구혈율 측정 등을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 좌심실확장기말압은 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우에서 16.9±5.33mmHg로 없는 경우의 11.0±4.02mmHg보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 운동량 및 좌심구혈을은 흥부 유도상 ST절의 하강이 있는 경우 7.6±3.0 METs 및 53.9±9.1%로 없는 경우의 9.1±2.7 METs 및 54.6±9.5%보다 낮았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.180, p=0.823). 2) 관상동맥조영술상 전흉부 ST절의 하강이 동반된 군에서는 유의한 좌전하행지나 좌회선지의 협착이 있는 경우가 60.9% 및 57.9%로 ST절의 하강이 없는 군에서의 34.5% 및 7.7%와 비교해 좌관상동맥에 협착이 동반된 경우가 많았다(p=0.050, p=0.001). 3) 관상동맥조영술상 세 혈관질환의 빈도는 흉부유도상 ST절의 하강을 보인 23예에서 10예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 2예에 비하여 유의하게 많았고(P=0.007), 단 혈관질환의 빈도는 ST절의 하강을 보인 군에서 23예중 5예로 ST절 하강이 없었던 29예중 17예에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P=0.002). 두 혈관질환의 경우에는 각각 8예와 10예로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 흉부유도상 ST절 하강의 빈도는 단 혈관질환 22예 중 5예에서, 두 혈관질환 18예중 8예, 세 혈관질환 12예 중 10예에서 관찰되어 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수가 많을수록 ST절의 하강이 나타나는 빈도가 많음을 보였다(p=0.00308). 그러나 흉부유도상 나타난 ST절의 하강을 모두 합하여 구한 ST절 하강의 합은 협착이 있는 관상동맥의 수와 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 5) 심초음파도상 좌심실 하벽의 벽운동은 ST절 하강을 보인 군에서는 akinesia가 83.3%, hypokinesia가 11.1%, 정상 벽운동이 5.6%로, ST절 하강이 없었던 군에서의 dyskinesia가 3.6%, akinesia가 39.3%, hypokinesia가 25.0%, 정상 벽운동이 32.1%와 비교하여 ST절의 하강이 있는 군에서 유의하게 벽운동의 장애가 빈번함을 보였다(p=0.03891). 그러나 좌심실전벽, 측벽 및 중격부위에서는 유의한 벽운동의 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 급성하벽심근경색증 환자의 전흉부유도에서 ST절의 하강이 동반되는 경우 다혈관 질환의 가능성이 높으며 좌심실확장기말압이 상승되었고 운동능력은 감소되어 있었다. 또한 심초음파도상 좌심실하벽의 벽운동장애도 심하였다. 따라서 전흉부 ST절의 하강을 동반한 급성하벽심근경색증 환자는 전흉부유도에 ST절 하강이 없는 경우보다 예후가 불량할 것으로 생각되며, 보다 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of precordial ST segment depression appearing during acute inferior myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation of that with angiographic finding. 52 patients were allocated into two groups based on the existence of precordial ST segment depression : 23 patients with ST segment depression and 29 patients without ST segment depression. The extent of coronary artery disease as well as the prevalence of significant stenosis (≥70%) in left anterior descending artery were more frequent in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.050) and the result were similar in cases of left circumplex artery (p=0.001). On echocrdiographic examination of left ventricular (LV) wall motion, it showed more severely decreased inferior LV wall motion in patients showing precordial ST segment depression than in patients not showing them (p=0.03891) even though the other segment of LV wall motion didn't show the statistical difference between both groups. The other cardiac parameters such as LVEDP, exercise amount (METs) and ejection fraction were tend to showing bad profile in patients with precordial ST segment depression. From the above results, we could deduce that patients with precordial ST segment depression have relatively large infarction or concomitant left coronary artery disease, so they need more caution and intensive theraphy.

Adriamycin이 Mouse의 肝細胞 小器官에 미치는 影響

朱垣,鄭鎬三,李圭植 한양대학교 의과대학 1985 한양의대 학술지 Vol.5 No.1

Adriamycin(daunorubicin) which is an authracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius and is of very potent cytotoxic to mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo, has been widely used in clinics in the field of cytotoxic chemotherapy. It is well known that adriamycin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis in mammalian cells. Possible mechanisms accounting for the inhibitory effect of adriamycin include 1) interference of the template activities of the DNA by incorporating with DNA double helix; and 2) inhibition of the action of the DNA dependent DNA polymerase. Most of the active antitumor drugs have their major inhibitory activity during DNA synthesis. Unfortunately these compounds offer little, if any, specificity and they are about equally active against tumors and normal cells. The Author has demonstrated the effect of adriamycin on the hepatocytes of mice, observing changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes. The animals of the adriamycin treated group were give 15mg of the antibiotic per kg of body weight of mouse in the form of adriamycin in distilled water and the animals of control group were given distilled water through intrapertioneal injections, respectively. After an administration of adriamycin or distilled water, the animals were killed at intervals of 6 hours and 12 hours. The specimens which were obtained from the anterior lobe of the liver, were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with JEM 100B electron microscope. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Pronounced dilatation, sacculation and fragmentation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were associated with detachment of the membrane boundribosomes and disaggregation of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 2. The proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of the glycogen particles were observed. 3. The formation of the autophagic vacuoles, multivesicular bodies and residual bodies were recognized in the hepatocytes of adriamycin treated mice. Consequently it is suggested that intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin would induce a degenerative changes of the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes in albino mice.

한 남자에서 수면 박탈 시 cDNA Microarray 분석에 의한 유전자 발현

정영철,홍미숙,정주호,김종우 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.2

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 약 8000개 이상의 사람의 주요 유전자를 검색할 수 있는 TwinChip Human 8K cDNA miceoarray를 이용하여, 수면 박탈이 이러한 주요 유전자의 발현 양상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 대량으로 확인하고 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : Mendelson이 시행한 수면 박탈 방법을 변형하여 4일간의 일정으로 수면 박탈을 시행하였으며 첫째날(baseline) 수면 박탈 시행전과 4일째 수면 박탈 실험 완료 후에 각각 혈액채취를 하였다. 수면 박탈전과 수면 박탈후에 채취한 혈액을 대상으로 단핵세포를 분리하여 RNA를 추출후 TwinChip Human 8K cDNA microarray 반응을 시킨 후 결과를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 분석된 8287개의 유전자들 중 fluorescence ratio (Cy5/Cy3)가 3 이상인, 즉 수면 박탈 후 3배 이상 발현에 증가되었다고 볼수 있는 유전자는 NTS, RHAG, CLIPR-59, FLJ0849, Homo sapiens TFT-I interacting peptide 20mRNA, GRM3, ELK3, ETS-domain protein(SRF accessory protein 2), RBMS1 등으로 8개였고, fluorescence ratio(Cy5/Cy3)가 0.33 이하인, 즉 수면 박탈 후 3배 이상 발현이 감소되었다고 볼 수 있는 유전자는 ESTs, IL-2, ATP6V0A1, Homo sapiens cDNS FLJ31377 fis, clone NESOP100008, CYP11A, RECQL4, IGSF3, CGI-94, CALR 등으로 9개로 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과에서 발현의 변화를 보인 유전자들을 RT-PCR이나 western blot 등의 방법을 이용하여 확인하는 후속 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 향후 수면의 다양한 양상이 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 더 자세하게 알기 위해서는 cDNA microarray를 이용한 연구가 더욱 유용할 것으로 생각한다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sleep deprivation on gene expression by cDNA microarray analysis. Methods : Subject of this study is one 27 years old male physically and psychologically healthy without sleep/wake complaints. Baseline blood sample was done at 09:00 of the day 1. Subject slept 4 hours on the day 1, 2 hours on the day 2. and total sleep, deprivation on the day 3. Blood samples was done in the morning of the day 4. Using cDNA microarray technique. gene expression profile was assayed. Results : There were 8 qenes up-regulated and 9 genes down-regulated after sleep deprivation Up-regulated genes were NTS(neurotensin), RHAG(Rhesus blood group-associated glycoprotein), CLIPR-59(CLIP-170-related protein), FLJ0849(hypothetical protein FLJ10849). Homo sapiens TTF-l interacting peptide 20mRNA, GRM3(glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3), ELK3 ETS-domain protein(SRF accessory protein 2) RBMS1(RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1) and down-regulated genes were ESTs, IL-2(interleukin-2), ATP6V0A1 (ATPase, Htransporting, lysosomal V0 subunit a isoform), Homo sapiens cDNS FLJ31377 fis, clone NESOP100008 CYPl1A(cytochrome P450, subfamily XIA cholesterol side chain)), RECQL4(RecQ protein-like 4), IGSF3(immuno-globulin suerfamily, member 3), CGI-94(CGl-94 protein), CALR(calreticulin). Conclusion : The results of the present study cannot fully explain the effects of sleep deprivation with respect to the expression of certain genes, but they provide fundamental data for the involvement of sleep deprivation or gene expression profiles Further in-depth studies are required to confirm the differential expression of these genes by RT-PCR or Western blot.

표준형교사에서의 교과교실 운영에 따른 학생 이용행태 및 공간의 중요도 분석

정금호,정주성 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.11

In this study, analysing the corresponding relation of a learning activities and a physical system by an alteration into the 7th curriculum, I would like to find the obstacles of facilities. Inspecting the above, this paper gets a technical data to build the facilities rearrangement model which is able to cope with the new curriculum. For this purpose, we analyse the hierarchy about space and the students' behavior on variation type in the standard school building, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) to rearrange the rural middle and high school by the variation type. For the purpose of this study, the participants in this survey were the teachers from the five schools instructing the students on variation type with standard school building, the survey is about the gravity of physical facilities including a study space, an athletic space, a living space, a management space and a pathway. Added to this, to get the students' moving characteristics, we observe the second-year students's moving behavior in the special class room and general class room of the BS high school in recess.

自然音韻論에 對한 한 考察

鄭周鎬 西原大學校 1983 西原大學 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

It should necessarily be considered in phonology which segments are more valid, and which connections of segments are more natural. Of these, since Prague School had, for the first time, issued 'markedness theory' taking note of the neutralization of contrasting segments, SPE succeeded after all in systemizing the form of natural phonology with its 'marking-linking conventions'. Phonological processes of human languages, however, have been proved to be so complicated that it can't be satisfactorily explained only by means of formalism, and accordingly many factors in the marking-linking conventions were presented to be reviewed based upon functionalism. Schane claims that the segments more convenient to pronounce and more effective to perceive are the more valid, and the phonological processes directing to this tendency are the more natural, supplying the physiological and psychological base to his natural process theory. Stamps holds that a child learns his language by imposing suppression, limitation, ordering constraints, and learnt rules to his innate system of phonological process and that the intrinsic system freed from the four amendments is the fixed universal set of natural process. For now it is not clear, however, just how all the information thus far considered about natural phonology is to be integrated into the grammars of individual languages. Since phonological throry has not yet been able to provide us with a complete and reliable account of natural phonology, we are forced to write even the most natural rules, as though they were specific rules of the individual languages, rather than universal processes. Natural phonology aims to write eventually a universal grammar which defines the form lauguae will naturally take. Given such a grammar it would be necessary in describing individual languages only to note those areas where the language in question deviated from the natural uvuversal pattern, but many quetions are left to be answered before we can write this sort of natural phonology. More studies need to be done.

May-Thurner Syndrome 환자의 좌측 하지 심부정맥혈전증 : Pigtail 카테터 회전을 이용한 치료의 효용성과 안전성 Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis of May-Thurner Syndrome

정구용,염차경,이주호,강병철 대한혈관외과학회 2004 Vascular Specialist International Vol.20 No.1

균 spheroplast 및 large unilamellar vesicle의 식물 protoplast로의 도입

주충노,강철호,이희봉 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1987 學術論文集 Vol.19 No.-

A. tumefaciens의 식물 protoplast로의 도입을 확인하는 방법으로 방사성 인산(Na_2H^32PO_4)을 함유한 0.8% nutrient broth에서 증식한 Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58를 사용하여 방사성 spheroplast와 방사성 Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome을 만들어 Danus carota protoplast로의 도입을 시도한 결과 다음과 같은 실험 성적을 얻었다. 1. A. tumefaciens에서 추출한 Ti plasmid를 Reverse Phase Evaporation 법으로 phosphatidyl-choline, stearylamine과 함께 Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome을 제조한 결과 17%의 Ti plasmid가 liposome안으로 편입되었다. 2. 방사성 Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome과 Dacus carota root protoplast를 polyethyleneglycol-Ca^2+법으로 처리한 결과 introduction frequency는 38%이었다. 3. A. tumefaciens C58의 spheroplast와 Dacus carota root protoplast를 polyethyleneglycol Ca^2+ 법으로 처리한 결과 introduction frequency가 47.6%였다. 4. 본 연구에서 얻은 실험결과로 부터 liposome법, spheroplast법 모두 Ti plasmid의 식물 protoplast로의 도입은 용이하게 일어나는 것으로 생각된다. It was attempted in the present study to prepare radioactive Ti plasmid to identify the introduction frequency of Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome into Dacus carota root protoplast. Agrobcterium tumefaciens C58 was cultured in 0.8% nutrient broth containing radioactive phosphoric acid(H_3^32PO_4) and the radioactive Ti plasmid wad isolated. Radioactive Ti plasmid was encapsulated into phosphatidyl choline-stearylamine liposomes by reverse phase evaporation technique and the encapsulation frequency was found to be about 17%. Radioactive Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome and Dacus carota root protoplast was treated by polyethyleneglycol Ca^2+ procedure. The introduction frequency was 38%. The spheroplast of A. tumefaciens C38 was prepared from the bacteria cultured in 0.8% nutrient broth containing radioactive phosphoric acid using lysozyme. As much as 47% of the spheroplast were found to be introduced into Dacus carota protoplast.

안면신경 마비 환자에 있어서의 측두근 및 근막피판을 이용한 안면근 기능 회복 증례보고

정창주,권혁도,엄인웅,우승철,민승기,정호용 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1994 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.16 No.1

Generally, the totally paralyzed face can never be made normal by any of the current methods of reconstruction. Careful selection of patients based on sound judgment of what can and cannot be achieved by the proposed surgical technique is paramount to a successful operation and a satisfied patient. The results are related to time of delayed between injury and repair : the shorter the delay the better are the results. The objectives in correcting facial paralysis are to achieve normal appearance at rest ; symmetry with voluntary motion ; control of the ocular, oral, and nasal sphincter; symmetry with involuntary emotion and controlled balance when expressing when expressing emotion ; and no significant functional deficit secondary to the reconstructive surgery. It must be employed a number of concepts, for treatment of the paralyzed face by surgeon, depending on the cause, time interval, and wound characteristics, as well as the availability of and necessity for neuromuscular substitution. Nerve grafts, crossovers, muscle transfers, free muscle and nerve-muscle grafts, micronuerovascular muscle transfers, and regional muscle transpostion are the principal methods being developed. We applied the tmporal musle transposition for reanimation of unilatrally paralyzed faces for long times on two patients. The results of muscle transposition can be enhanced by the patient's learning to activate the transposed muscle by voluntary effort, and are best in patients who are motivated to learn the necessary motor-sensory coordination techniques.