농업생산효율을 위한 생육환경모니터링 시스템 개발

심종열 ( Jong Yeal Shim ),문석표 ( Seok Pyo Moon ),김용주 ( Yong-joo Kim ),임성오 ( Seong Oh Lim ),한태호 ( Tae Ho Han ),남규철 ( Kyu Chul Nam ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

작물은 환경 조건에 따라 생육 상태, 병해, 환경장해 등이 발생하며, 이는 수확량의 수급 불균형을 초래하여 급격한 수확량 변동과 작물의 가격불안을 유발한다. 작물의 생육을 관리하기 위해서는 생육에 필요한 환경조건의 고려가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기후의 급변으로 인해 기존의 예측방법에 의해 예측하기가 더욱 어려워지고 있는 실정으로 특수한 환경에서의 기상데이터 획득에서 오는 문제점들을 극복하기 위한 안정적이고 효율적인 생육환경 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. 생육환경 모니터링 시스템은 생육환경 센서, 데이터 수집 장치, GPS로 구성되어 있으며, 생육환경 센서는 외기센서, 토양센서, 조도센서 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 데이터 수집 장치로는 마이크로 컨트롤러 보드인 Arduino (ATMEL, Mega 2560, USA)가 사용되어, 데이터 수집 장치에 삽입되는 메모리에 자동 저장되어지게 개발 하였다. 개발한 생육환경 모니터링 성능평가는 강우 전후의 환경데이터를 분석하였으며, 기상청에서 제공하는 실시간 환경데이터와 오차를 비교, 분석함으로써 수행되었다. 측정 주기는 예비시험에서 1시간 내에 대기 온·습도, 토양 온도·수분·전기전도도, 조도의 값이 급격하게 변화가 없는 것으로 판단되어 1시간 주기로 메모리에 자동으로 저장하도록 설정하였다. 생육환경 모니터링 시스템의 시험은 대전광역시에 위치한 충남대학교 부속 농장에 설치하였으며, 측정 결과, 생육환경 모니터링 시스템과 기상청의 대기온도와 습도는 유사한 경향을 보여 주었으나 비가 온 날은 다소 차이가 발생하였으며, 이는 생육환경모니터링과 기상청의 측정 위치에 차이가 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 대전지방기상청의 대기온도 및 대기습도의 오차는 각각 14%, 10% 으로 낮게 나와 개발된 시스템을 이용하여 작물의 생육환경 측정이 가능함을 알 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후에는 무선통신 등을 활용하여 농민 또는 사용자에게 실시간으로 생육환경 정보를 제공하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

메쉬접지극의 매설깊이 변화에 따른 특성 분석

김종수(Jong-Soo Kim),최홍규(Hong-Kyoo Choi),박준열(Jun-Yeal Park),심용식(Yong-Sik Shim),김태훈(Tae-Hoon Kim),신혜영(Hye-Young Shin) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2010 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.5월

Grounding electrodes with higher burial depths are evaluated to have better performance, due to the domestic practice that puts the grounding resistance as the standard of performance evaluation, while grounding resistance decreases as the burial depth increases. However, the performance evaluation of mesh grounding electrodes for uses in power stations and substations should include not only grounding resistance but also the dangerous voltage(mesh voltage and step voltage) in precaution towards the increase of land-voltage at the occurrence of ground-fault. This article investigates on the changes in grounding resistances and dangerous voltage(mesh voltage and step voltage) according to the changes in burial depths of mesh grounding electrode.

석회 및 3 요소 시용수준이 겉뿌림 산지초지에 미치는 영향 3 . 목초의 무기성분함량 및 3 요소 이용율의 변화

정연규,이종열,심재성 ( Yeun Kyu Jung,Jong Yeal Lee,Jai Sung Shim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This field experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of two rates of Ca(OH)₂ (0, 250 ㎏/l0a) and five rates of N-P₂O_5-K₂O (0-0-0, 0-10-10, 6-15-15, 12-20-20, 24-25-20 ㎏/l0a) on the grassland establishment, forage yield and quality, botanical composition, and persistence of different forage species in a mixed grass/ clover sward established by oversowing method on new reclaimed steep mountain. This third part was concerned with the concentrations and uptake of mineral nutrients, and percentage recovery of NPK. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Liming increased concentrations of N, Ca, Mg and Na in mixed forages, but effect of liming on concentrations of K and P was inconsistent. By increasing the NPK rate, concentrations of N, P, K, Rnd Ns in mixed forages were increased, whereas Ca and Mg concentrations tended to be reduced. 2. Overall values of Mg concentrations in mixed forages were below 0.15%. That value is considerably below 0.15%. That value is considerably below the critical level for forage growth and likelihood of grass tetany ($lt;0.2%). Amounts of individual and total mineral uptake, and total concentration of minerals were increased by both liming and increasing the NPK rate. 3. Liming increased markedly the percent recoveries of N,P and K, Percent recovery of N was reduced by increasing the N rate, whereas those of P and K were inconsistently affected by their application rates. The percent recoveries of N, P and K by mixed forages were highest in the order; K$gt;N$gt;P. 4. Forage quality was greatly influenced by both liming and applications of NPK. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na were lower in weeds than in seeded forages.

Analysis of Harvesting Part for Radish Harvester

( Yeon-jun Jung ),( Hyeon-ho Jeon ),( Hee-jong Jung ),( Taek-jin Kim ),( Jong-yeal Shim ),( Tae-ho Han ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Hae-yoon Tak ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The agricultural labors are rapidly decreasing due to the aging of the agricultural population and the feminization. In Korea, radishes account for around 78.1% of the root vegetables in 2014, and the ratio of labor in harvesting and transporting work is about 26.7%. Therefore, it needs to develop the agricultural mechanization technology, especially radish harvester, because radish harvester of pulling type is directly contacted with soil during harvesting. Then, strength analysis of harvesting part is needed. In this study, finite element analysis was carried out using ANSYS Workbench in order to find out the weak point of the harvesting part of the harvester. The 3D model of the harvesting part including driving pulleys, shafts, and V-belts was designed by using CATIA V5 R18. The maximum load of 16.82 Nm measured in the field test was input to the driving shaft. The driving pulleys, shafts, and V-belts were simulated, and analyzed the deformation and equivalent stress. Simulation results revealed the maximum deformation and equivalent stress on the driving shaft. The results showed that the driving shaft of the radish harvester is the weakest point. Thus, the simulation results should be sufficiently considered during the design of the driving part of the harvesting part.

Development of Simulation Model for Hydraulic System of Rice Transplanter using AMESim

( Abu Ayub Siddique ),( Wan-soo Kim ),( Seung-yun Beak ),( Taek-jin Kim ),( Jong-yeal Shim ),( Tae-ho Han ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Hae-yoon Tak ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Rice transplanter is an inevitable advanced technology in agricultural machinery sector. Nowadays, several problems like lower sustainability, brittleness are facing with existing electronic control devices applied in the hydraulic system of rice transplanters. In addition, mechanized transplanters are gradually decreasing its demand due to the technological gap with developed countries like USA, Japan, and so on. Hence, it is emergency to upgrade those mechanized technologies for the longevity of the machine using advanced electronic control devices. At present, performance evaluation of machinery is performed by simulation because of being cost-effective, time-consuming, and required lower labors. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to develop and simulate a transplanter simulation model using commercial simulation software, and optimization of the model for the quality enhancement, and finally performance evaluation of rice transplanter. The hydraulic system of rice transplanter (Yanmar YR6D) is composed of the engine, hydrostatic transmission (HST), hydraulic pump, power assisted steering mechanism, horizontal control system, and ascending/descending system. The parameters of the simulation were the input and output torque, power, and the rotational speed of hydraulic pump and motor. The simulation was performed in three conditions of the engine power like the ideal, rated, and maximum. The efficiency of the HST was determined by operating the transplanter. The engine power was calculated on the basis of the engine torque and rotational speed. All the parameters of the simulation model are considered with respect to real agricultural machinery and actual design criteria. The simulation results were performed in the simulation environment according to the hydraulic pump discharge rate. It is accounted that the highest displacement of the piston for ascending/descend and horizontal control systems were approximately 0.007 m and 0.07 m, respectively. In case of ascending/descending system, it can be noticed that actuator pressure at point 1 was slightly unstable due to the leakage coefficient of the actuator. It was also found that the efficiency of HST was about 71.82%. The simulation model was performed well under the simulation environment. In the future study, it is required to develop control algorithm for the hydraulic system of rice transplanter, and also needed field test for the validation of the model.

트랙터용 작업기 구동 펌프의 내구 시험 프로세스 개발

문석표 ( Seok-pyo Moon ),한태호 ( Tae-ho Han ),심종열 ( Jong-yeal Shim ),김용주 ( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.1

농업 기계용 기어 펌프의 수명 평가는 펌프의 사양을 통해 시험되기 때문에 농작업 환경을 반영하지 못하는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 트랙터용 작업기 구동 펌프의 농작업 환경을 고려한 수명 시험 프로세스 개발을 위하여 수행하였다. 수명 시험 방법은 가속수명 시험방법으로, 무고장 수명시험시간과 가속계수를 통해 개발이 가능하다. 농작업 부하 계측은 농작업 환경을 수명 시험 프로세스에 반영하기 위하여 실시되었으며, 쟁기 경운, 로타리 경운, 베일러 작업, 랩핑 작업을 실시되었다. 작업기 구동 펌프의 농작업별 부하 데이터는 등가 부하 계산식으로 계산되었으며, 하나의 값을 가지는 통합등가부하로 계산하여 사용되었다. 작업기 구동 펌프의 통합등가압력과 유량은 각각 103.62 bar, 30.56 L/min으로 설정되었다. 통합등가부하를 이용한 가속 수명 시험 프로세스 개발 결과, 무고장 수명시험 시간인 12,790시간을 2,478 시간으로 단축하여 시험이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 향후 농작업 환경을 고려한 기어 펌프의 수명 시험 평가를 통해 내구성 확보가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Gear Strength Analysis of Transmission for 55 kW Agricutural Tractor

( Pa-ul Lee ),( Nam-gyu Lee ),( Taek-jin Kim ),( Hae-yoon Tak ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Jong-yeal Shim ),( Tae-ho Han ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Agricultural tractors are one of the most widely used machines among agricultural machinery. “The tractors are usable for a variety of operations, as well as many multipurpose usages. Gear system of transmission which took large proportion of the tractor price is most important. The gear system is only designed with empirical method because it is not easy to measure precise load cycle under various working conditions and soil types. Both empirical method and computer simulation software are needed for the efficient design of gear system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze gear of transmission for a 55 kW agricultural tractor using the gear simulation software (KISSsoft and KISSsys). The gear strength such as safety factor and fatigue life was simulated in various input load conditions. The safety factors and fatigue life were calculated based on ISO 6336 and Modified Miner’s rule using the gear simulation software, respectively. Finally, the gear of the transmission was evaluated under various conditions.

Safety Factor Simulation of Hydraulic Mechanical Transmission of Agricultural Tractor

( Jeong-hoon Jang ),( Seung-min Baek ),( Sun-ok Chung ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Hae-yoon Tak ),( Teak-jin Kim ),( Jong-yeal Shim ),( Tae-ho Han ),( Yong-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Tractors are agricultural machines that perform various farming operations. As the tractors work on various terrains such as slope land, and reclaimed land, uneven field, various types of transmission have been used. Gears are components of transmission and transmit the power of an engine to a machine and offer numerous speed ratios, a compact structure, and high efficiency of power transmission. In the automotive and construction machinery field, powertrain design uses simulation software. However, transmission of tractor design for agricultural applications uses the empirical method because of the wide range of load fluctuations in agricultural fields. Recently, continuously variable transmissions have been widely used in field tractors. The continuously variable transmission is composed of planetary gear system, helical gear sets, hydrostatic unit, and hydraulic values. Planetary gears system is composed of planetary gears, carriers, sun gears, and ring gears, and have various gear ratios according to various combinations of gears. However, planetary gear system has difficulty in designing and assembling. So, virtual modeling and analysis of planetary gear system using simulation software are needed. In this study, the planetary gear system applied in continuously variable transmission of agricultural tractor was developed by using the gear analysis software Romax DESIGNER. In addition, safety factor and lifetime of planetary gear system were evaluated in various input load conditions. Finally, safety factor and lifetime of planetary gear system were compared in various conditions.

Development of Baler Working Mode for an Agricultural Tractor using Workloads

( Wan-soo Kim ),( Yong-joo Kim ),( Dae-hyun Lee ),( Seung-yun Baek ),( Sun-ok Chung ),( Chang-hyun Choi ),( Hae-yoon Tak ),( Teak-jin Kim ),( Jong-yeal Shim ),( Tae-ho Han ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The performance of the tractor was evaluated through field test and full load test. These methods have disadvantages such as equipment construction and manpower consumption. In addition, it is difficult to obtain reliable data because it is affected by many variables such as soil condition, climate, and operator. In the automotive area a standardized driving cycle was developed to solve those problems and performance evaluation using driving cycle was performed in the indoors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop baler working mode for agricultural tractors using workloads. A load measurement system was installed on a 71 kW tractor to collect field data from loads acting on the transmission input shaft, the PTO input shaft, and the hydraulic pumps. Baler operation was conducted on ten farmlands of similar size. The processes of the baler operation were divided into bailing, tying a bale, and discharging. The results showed that most of the torque was generated on PTO input shaft among various components. The engine load during baler operation showed a similar pattern with the PTO input shaft torque. The maximum engine torque was about 270 Nm. The baler working mode was developed using methods of mode development and measured workload in the field. The verification of developed working mode was conducted by comparing with conventional method. The results showed that the developed baler working mode can be applied to performance evaluation of agricultural tractors.