文山 李載毅의 삶과 交遊

李鍾虎(Lee Jong-Ho) 한국인물사연구소 2010 한국인물사연구 Vol.13 No.-

Moonsan is Lee Jae-ui(1772~1839)'s pen name. He is born the eldest grandson of the Jeonju Lee's Dukchun family line. Jeonju Lee's family is a prince of the blood in Chosun dynasty.. His noble birth make him a proud person. His birthplace was Seoul, but he have lived in Yongin, Kyunggi province. Especially he is a great-grandson of chief general, Lee Ju-guk who loved by king Jungjoe. Lee Jae-ui should carry out a duty of descendant offering sacrifice to his ancestors. That is a devout and unavoidable fate for him. Because he has a strong consciousness of offering sacrifice to his ancestors. He didn't go into government service at all. Instead of it, he made an effort to cultivate his morals and manage the family. Lee Jae-ui was taught chinese literature by Nam, you-do and the confucian scriptures by Ryu, Jung-mo in early years. During adult ages, he was a disciple of Park, yoon-won and Song, hwan-ki who are prominent scholars of confucianism. And then he promoted a friendship with lung, Jaw-meun Ann, ho Kim, young Sim, Ryu Song, Myung-hee lung, Yak-yong etc., they are his senior scholars. Whang, Gi-chun and Hong, Jik-pil, Lee, Man-jung and Sim, Du-young are Lee Jae-ui's best friends, First of all, he was known by lung, Yak-yong's argument parter of human nature. We hope that Lee Jae-ui's literature and thought is studied deeply sooner or later.

李重煥의 生涯와 『擇里志』의 成立

이문종(Moon-Jong Lee) 한국문화역사지리학회 2004 문화 역사 지리 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to elucidate Jung-Hwan Lee's life and the process of completing book, Taekriji(擇里志, A classical cultural geography of the Korean settlement). The conclusion of the study is summarized as follows. 1. Jung-Hwan Lee's career can be divided into two periods, before and after the time when he was involved in Sinimoksa)(辛壬獄事, party strife in Sinchuk year( 1721) and Imin year(1722)) and banished to a distant island. Coming of the Lees of Yeoju, one of noble families, he had talent for poetry and prose in his childhood. At the early age of 24, he passed Kwago(科擧, the highest-level state examination to recruit ranking officials during Josun Dynasty) and began government service. During the service, he formed and led a circle of literary men. With In-Bok Lee and Kwang-un O, he played an important role in a progressive group in Namin, one of political parties in the Josun Dynasty. Meanwhile, Jung-Hwan Lee had an interest in geomancy from his twenties and explored the mountains in Gyeonggi-do, Hwanghae-do, and Chungcheong-do to find a good graveyard for several months with a geomancer, Ho-Ryong Mok. His friendship with Ho-Ryong Mok, which was considered as conspiracy against the king, caused him to be arrested and tried as suspect. His survey expenence of various places with Ho-Ryong Mok as well as excellent talent for poetry and prose can be said to be an important basis of his writing Taekriji later. The latter half of Jung-Hwan Lee's life was the time of frustration and adversity, for about 30 years when he lost his government position, retired from the world, and led a wandering life. Although struggling with adversity, he left a masterpiece of Taekriji through exploring the whole country. He explored 6 Provinces in Josun personally except Jeonra-do. His personal exploration made him "have a sharp eye for geographical phenomena". Through his exploring the whole country, Jung-Hwan Lee found a new Taekriji. 2. Ik Lee, Seong-Kwan Mok, Hoe-Kyeong Mok, Bong-Hwan Lee, and Eon-Yu Jeong who wrote prefaces and epilogues to Taekrij were Jung-Hwan Lee's contemporaries. Closely related by mamage, they had a similar appreciative eye for things, and in addition, all of them suffered from a party strife directly or indirectly except Eon-Yu Jeong. That's why they understood each other and had the consciousness of kind. Ik Lee, a cousin of jung-Hwan Lee's grandfather, was his senior in the family and academic stay. Jung-Hwan Lee frequently corresponded with him. Seong-Kwan Mok was a nephew of jung-Hwan Lee's wife, and Hoe- Kyeong Mok was the person who wrote down the achievements of Cheon-Im Mok, jung-Hwan's brother-in-law and Seong-Kwan Mok's life history. Bong-Hwan Lee could have been jung-I-Iwan Lee's cousin, but became his distant relative since his father, Yeon-Hyu had been adopted. jung-I-Iwan Lee's grandmother was a daughter of Man-I-Iwa jeong, one of the jeongs of Dongrae, who came from the same family as Eon-Yu Jeong. Those who wrote prefaces and epilogues to Taekriji were jung-Hwan Lee's relatives as above. 3. Five persons who wrote prefaces and epilogues helped Taeknji be known to the world, but Ik Lee played a distinguished part. It is considered that writing Taekriji began at least after April of the 25th year of king Y oungjo (1749). Taekriji is believed to have been completed in a relatively short time and at the last phase of jung-Hwan Lee's life. Prefaces and epilogues to Taekriji were written sometime between the 28th year of king Youngjo (1752) and the 29th year of king Youngjo (1753). Accordingly, we may say Taekriji is had been completed by that time. However, there are two views of what year "the beginning of early summer in Baekyang year" in the epilogue written by jung-Hwan Lee himself means: some believe it is Sinmi year and others Gapsul year. Sinmi year is the 27th year of king Youngjo (1751) and Gapsul year is the 30th year of king Youngjo (1754). If jung-Hwan Lee l

전통주 주박의 항혈전 활성 평가

김미선(Mi-Sun Kim),이예슬(Ye-Seul Lee),김종식(Jong Sik Kim),신우창(Woo-Chang Shin),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.8

전통주 주박을 이용한 고부가가치 식품소재 개발을 위해, 상업적 시설에서 생산된 3종 약주(J-B, J-S, J-Y) 및 2종 탁주(J-H, J-W) 주박의 ethanol 추출물 및 열수 추출물을 조제하고 이들의 혈액응고 저해활성, 혈소판 응집저해 활성 및 인간 적혈구 용혈활성을 평가하였다. 5종 주박의 pH는 3.90~4.29로 유사하였으나, brix는 5.0~27.0으로 다양하게 나타났으며, 수분 및 알코올 함량에서도 시료에 따라 1.8배의 차이를 나타내었다. 주박의 색차와 성분은 첨가된 부재료 및 사용누룩에 좌우되었으며, J-W 주박의 경우 수분함량이 80.3%, brix 13, 알코올 함량 1.8%를 함유하여 다른 주박에 비해 다양한 식품제조에 용이하게 이용 가능하리라 판단되었다. Ethanol 추출효율은 J-H, J-W, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 순, 열수 추출효율은 J-S, J-B, J-W, J-H, J-Y의 순으로 높았으며, 총폴리페놀 및 총플라보노이드함량은 ethanol 추출물 중에서는 J-H, 열수 추출물 중에서는 J-Y 주박에서 가장 높았다. 5종 주박의 10종 추출물은 모두 5 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성이 나타나지 않았으며, J-B, J-S, J-Y의 약주 주박의 ethanol 추출물에서 유의적인 혈액응고저해 활성이 나타났으며, J-W 탁주 주박의 열수 추출물에서 thrombin 저해 활성과 J-B, J-S 및 J-H 주박 열수 추출물에서 혈액 응고인자 저해활성을 확인하였다. 혈소판 응집저해 활성평가의 경우 J-W 탁주 주박의 ethanol 및 열수 추출물에서만 아스피린에 필적하는 우수한 활성이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 다양한 약주 및 탁주 주박이 항혈전 활성을 가지고 있으며, 주박으로부터 항혈전제 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다. In this study, ethanol and hot water extracts of lees from Korean traditional wine (J-B, J-S, J-Y, J-H, and J-W) were prepared, and their effects on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and hemolysis of human red blood cells (hRBCs) were investigated to develop functional food ingredients from lees. The pH and brix of the lees ranged from 3.90 to 4.29 and 5.0 to 27.0o, respectively, and there was a huge difference in the water and ethanol content among the lees. The nuruk and additives used affected the color and physicochemical properties of lees. The J-W takju made from only rice and traditional nuruk, which has 13o brix and 1.8% of alcohol, has potential as functional food ingredient. With regard to the extraction yields of lees, higher yields were obtained from J-H, which contains different medicinal plants, in ethanol, followed by J-W, J-B, J-S, and J-Y. Higher extraction yields of lees were obtained from J-S in hot water, followed by J-B, J-W, J-H, and J-Y, respectively. The ethanol extract of J-H and the hot water extract of J-Y had the highest contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoids among the lees extracts. The 10 lees extracts did not show hemolysis activity against hRBCs up to 5 mg/ml. In an anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extracts of three yakju lees (J-B, J-S, and J-Y) and the hot water extract of J-W inhibited thrombin activity, whereas the hot water extract of J-B, J-S, and J-H inhibited blood coagulation factors. In an antiplatelet aggregation activity assay, only the J-W takju lees showed significant inhibition activity. Our results suggest that lees from traditional wine had high potential as a novel antithrombosis agent.

鄕吏制度의 變遷과 腐敗에 關한 一考察 : A Study on the Change and Corruption of Hyang-Ree System

李鍾恒 慶北大學校 1963 論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Ⅰ. Here I considered the cause of Corruption of the Hyang-Ri (The Local Officers in Lee Dynasty), which was said that the main reason of decline and fall of the Lee Dynasty. I concluded the cause of corruption of the Local Officers into three: 1. Under Lee's regime, the government did not paid the salary to the local officers for keeping their living at all. In Silla and Koryo period all local officers were paid the salary though was not so much but still enough to keep their living, while in Lee Dynasty government did not care for the local officers living through her all period. So we can easily imagine that this was a main cause to the local officers to run quickly be corrupted. 2. In Lee dynasty all high ranking officers, who were mainly chosen by very strict national examination, were quite unacquainted with the loca1 business because these high ranking officers were selected among the small size of high class, and also they were forced to study from their childhood only confucian classics and poems, which was the course of the national examination. Usually the county chief. who is appointed from central government, is amateur in dealing with the local business while local officers who are well trained to be low ranking officers from their childhood were very skilful to managing all their daily duteis. This let them took the power to handle the business and gave them the chance to be corrupted endlessly 3. Usually the term of high ranking officers were very short so they did not had the time to accustomed to their duties. This also offer the chance to the local officers to be powerful in dealing the county business and the local officers could do anything they wish. Ⅱ. I traced to the origin of this kind of local officers in the middle part of Silla Period, According to the Samkuk-Yusa(unauthorized three countries history)we can find an anecdote of one local officer whose name is An-Kil(安吉), and this is only prove that there were Hyang-Ri in Silla also, but except this example there are no records on the local officers. And at the end of Silla Period most of local provinces and counties were apart from the central governmental control and became a kind of automonous body. Then we can imagine that in that most of loc포1 officers were also absorbed by these automonous body. After Koryo founded there arose a new local officers which was a ill treated low class and it continued through the Lee Dynasty. So I concluded the direct ancestor of the Hyang-Ri in Lee Dynasty is in the early part of Koryo though its origin is in Silla. Conclusion : The corruption of the Hyang-Ri in Lee period was a main cause of the decline and fall of the Lee dynasty. Seeing this example in the modern time the corruption of low rank officers will be a cause of hampering the progress of the democratic state, because even in now the low ranking officers are huge in number and is doing very important duties to earring out the democratic state.

현와 이도의 삶과 문학

이종호(Lee, Jong-ho) 대동한문학회 2014 大東漢文學 Vol.40 No.-

이 글은 17세기 고령의 선비, 현와 이도의 삶과 문학을 조명한 것이다. 현와는 임란 직후 서울에서 양녕대군의 6세손으로 태어나 평탄한 소년기를 보내다가 광해조 대북정권의 난정에 가담한 백형 이심이 인조반정으로 처형되면서 집안형편이 어렵게 되었다. 그즈음 현와는 영남의 선비 이대기의 딸과 혼인하면서 초계로 낙남했고, 그 이후로 점차 영남사인으로 정착하게 된다. 소과에는 입격했으나 대과에 매번 불리하여 일정 시기에 와서 과거를 그만두었고, 고령으로 거처를 옮긴 뒤 60세를 전후하여 음직으로 종묘서 직장, 안기도 찰방 등을 역임했다. 현와의 문학세계를 개괄적으로 검토했는 바, 현와의 시 중에서 척화파 대신 정온과 성주의 병졸 이사룡의 절의정신을 노래한 작품이 수작으로 꼽히는데 모두가 병자호란이 낳은 문예적 분비물인 셈이다. 장편 산문작품은 가야산을 유람하면서 견문한 내용과 느낌을 기록한 유람기로 묘사의 사실성이 돋보이는데, 그가 초계 지역사회에서 주도적 인물이었음을 알게 해준다. 단편으로는 안동의 기녀 당아와 나눈 로맨스를 담담하게 묘사한 송별 서문과 문생 전형의 서재 이름을 풀이한 두암팔경시 서문이 평가할 만하다. 현와는 선진양한 고문을 전범으로 삼아 학습한 어우 유몽인에게서 고문을 배웠기에 장자의 문장을 전범으로 삼고 장자적 상상력에 기초하여 문장구법을 구사하려 했다. 그러나 그의 문법이 전고의 활용 등과 같은 부분에서 다소 의미전달력이 떨어져 문체가 통창하지 못한 결함이 간혹 엿보인다. 이 글에서는 지역한문학의 활성화라는 의도 아래, 새로운 작가의 발굴이라는 면에 중점을 두고, 현와의 삶과 교유를 구체적으로 살펴 향후 심화될 그의 문학세계 검토에 토대를 마련하고자 힘썼다. 아울러 이 글을 통해 17세기 병자호란 이후 나타난 蹈海의식과 忠憤정신의 형상화가 고령지역 한문학의 주된 주제였음도 확인하였다. This paper studied on the literature of Hyunwa Lee Do(1593~1668) who has lived in 17th century. Hyunwa, his literary name, was born on 1593 right after Japanese Yimjin Invasion of Korea for the 6th descendant from Yanneong-Daegoon. Eventually Gwanghae's misgovernment committed by Daebuk regime caused Yinjo Banjung(coup). As soon as his oldest brother who get involved in a misgovernment died by execution, his family was broken up. He was married Lee Daegi's daughter, and then he moved to Chogea of Youngnan Province from Seoul. Hyunwa was gradually settled immigrants in Yeungnam as a provincial Sunbi. Until then he passed Samasi but still failed Mungwa. By the way, before long he moved to Goryung, and took up a public office as a Jongmyouseo Jikjang, Angido Chalbang. We can summarize a literary world of Hyunwa as follows. Poems that vividly described Jong-on and Lee sa-ryong's faithful mind was loved to recite, and prose writings as a diary of Gayasan sight-seeing, farewell preface about pure love with gisaeng Dang-a, reading expressed his thoughts on Duarm which was a Joan-hyong's studying room are his major work. In short, he was one of the talented provincial intelligentsia in 17th century of Choson dynasty, used Jangja's imagination to write prose. To conclude, I believe that his literary works based on Byungja-horan which broke out in 1636. Also his Dohae mind and Chungboon sprit stemmed from the bitter experience forced to give in to Chung, Manchurian empire treated as a Barbarian.

북한 김정은 정권의 국가목표와 군사정책 방향: 새로운 위협 요소의 등장과 한국의 대응전

이영종(Lee, Young-jong) 한국전략문제연구소 2020 전략연구 Vol.27 No.1

지난 2018년 초 대남 유화국면으로 급전환하며 대미협상을 주축으로 한 새로운 생존 전술을 구사하는 모습을 연출한 김정은 북한 국무위원장은 약 2년 만인 2019년 말 노동당 중앙위원회 제7기 5차 전원회의 개최를 계기로 다시 강경 노선 쪽으로 선회하며 “조·미 간의 교착 상태는 불가피하게 장기성을 띠게 되어있다”고 선언했다. 세계적 대유행 양상을 빚고 있는 신종 코로나바이러스(코로나19)는 대북 문제에 대한 관련국들의 집중력을 떨어트리고 있으며, 북한 또한 ‘셀프제재’로까지 불리는 사실상의 교류·교역 전면차단 조치를 취하면서 방역에 전력투구하고 있다. 이런 상황 속에서 북한이 향후 어떤 전술이나 전략을 앞세워 대남, 대미 정책을 펼쳐나갈지는 한반도와 주변 정세에 결정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변수가 될 수 있다. 하지만 2012년 김정은 체제 등장 이후에 북한의 핵 실험과 장거리 미사일 도발이 이어졌음에도 불구하고 이에 대한 면밀한 연구나 대응책 마련이 북한의 국가목표나 군사정책 차원에서 깊이 있게 다뤄지지 못한 측면이 있다. 김정은 집권 이후 통치노선이나 스타일에서 드러난 두드러진 특징 가운데 하나는 ‘국가’로서의 북한체제를 공식화하고 부각시키고 있다는 점이다. 김정은 스스로 ‘국무위원회 위원장’이란 직함을 사용하고, ‘조선인민군 최고사령관’이란 호칭 대신 ‘조선민주주의인민공화국 무력 최고사령관’으로 칭해지고 있는 점에서도 이를 확인할 수 있다. 김정은 체제는 대남 및 대미 외교와 경제·사회 등의 분야에서 이전과 다른 전향적 조치들을 취함으로써 변화와 개혁·개방에 대한 기대를 불러일으키기도 했으나 △당 국가 체제의 유지 △핵보유국 지위 굳히기 △경제·핵 병진 노선과 그 변용 △대미접근과 미국에 대한 이중적 인식 등에서 북한 체제의 국가목표 근간이 그대로 유지·고수되고 있음을 드러내고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 김정은 정권의 중요한 국가 목표 중 하나는 핵과 미사일의 완성을 기반으로 하는 한반도 적화통일이며, 군사정책도 이런 대목에 초점이 맞춰진 것이다. 북한의 이런 국가목표나 군사정책에 대한 우리의 정책적 대응은 △북핵 불용에 대한 공감대 형성과 대북압박 △사실상의 ‘핵보유국’ 북한에 대한 현실적 대응 △개혁ㆍ개방 및 국제무대 유인 등이 고려될 수 있다. North Korea"s policy in the midst of rapid changes in the situation on the Korean Peninsula can have a major impact on inter-Korean relations and surrounding circumstances. The need for closer analysis on North Korea"s military policy directions, the nature of its national strategy as well as its nuclear weapon and missile has grown. The purpose of this article is to analyze the ultimate national goal and military policy direction pursued by the Kim Jong-un regime and to diagnose Korea"s counterstrategy. One of the prominent features of Kim Jong-un"s policy line after his inauguration was his emphasis on the North Korean regime as a “state”. The Kim Jong-un regime"s national goals and visions were presented concretely at the Labor Party"s 7th Labor Party Congress held in May 2016, setting a five-year strategic period for national economic development (2016-2020) and building a socialist economic power as a banner. Yet, more national goals and visions still remain undisclosed, considering most of them are often secretly established and promoted. North Korea"s appeasement toward South Korea and the United States since 2018 has changed the impression of the Kim Jong-un regime from an aggressive, provocative regime to open, reconciling and cooperation-oriented regime. However, North Korea showed no more than superficial and tactical gestures, failing to take fundamental actions like denuclearization. As military policy line of Kim Jong-un regime backed by nuclear missile weapon gets more sophisticated and belligerent, importance of South Korea"s countermeasures have grown. Strategic counteractions based on military power should be taken against North Korea’s two-sided strategy such as nuclear and missile provocations and unification frontline tactics. Furthermore, counter strategies that can closely analyze and cope with the United States and China’s policies refer to Korean Peninsula are nessesary.

화학적 요부 교감신경절 차단에서 한 분절 차단과 두 분절 차단의 비교

김종일,이규종,이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Chemical Lumbar Sympathetic Block: Comparison of One- Versus Two-needle Techniques Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Kyu-Jong Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^* Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain Clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: It was frequently noticed in the course of performing a two-needle sympathectomy, that satisfactory spread of contrast solution could be produced by injection through only one of the needles. This led to a closer examination of the merits of single-needle technique. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the single-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second or third lumbar sympathetic ganglia, while patients in the two-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second and thired lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Lumbar sympathetic blocks were performed using 3 ml of alcohol and the spread of injectate was verified with C-arm fluoroscopy. The indicators of a successful sympathetic block are increasing skin temperature, decreasing pain, and anhidrosis in the distal extremity. Results: The duration of anhidrosis was 12.2 ?? 2.6 months (mean ?? SD) in the single-needle group versus 13.6 ?? 3.6 months (mean << SD) in the two-needle group. Conclusions: As these results were not significantly different from those obtained in patients having considered to be effective for a neurolytic ;i,bar sympathectomy. (korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 439~443)

李箱 小說의 文體 硏究

李鍾和 全北大學校 大學院 國語文學硏究會 1983 國語文學硏究 Vol.- No.13

The difficulty understanding Lee-Sang's world of literature is not in his queer life, but in the peculiar uses of words in his works. It may be reasonable in theses on him that everyone should search for the secrecy of writing hinted by his literary style. But there are few theses that have dealt with the style of Lee-Sang as a leading topic. And most of theses on him have had a tendency to remain within the line of superficial observations till now. Under these conditions, I analysed Lee-Sang's short stories in the method of semantic stylistics and of statistics for the scientific objectivity. I selected 10 works from Lee-Sang's short stories, and 2 works from each writers such as Kim- Yu Jeoung, Kim-Dong In, Lee-Hyo Seuk, Chai- Man Sik, and compared them with each other. The main subject of this thesis consists of two chapters. In chapter one, I analysed the vocabulary of the work, especially put emphasis upon the analysis of a part of speech, meaning, and colour words. In chapter two, I analysed the kinds of the metaphor and its functions and the imagery made by metaphor. And then, I synthesized the minor conclusions to excavate the consciousness of Lee-Sang and his writing habits. By the use of the above-mentioned methods, I could reach the following conclusion. 1. The common motif of his literature is the conflict of SELF and the exploration of proper form of existence of SELF, between morality of 19th century and material civilization of 20th century as an efferminate intellectual. 2. After all, he failed in finding out the proper form of existence of SELF, and he wrote his works in compensation for the despair. As the result of this compensation, he concealed his true character and revealed disguised one in his works, and arranged several literary devices(for instances, his excessive norminal style, sentences consisted mainly of narratives, miscellaneous overtones, metaphors and images) to disguise his disguised character. 3. It is appropriate for naming the process mentioned above as "the double paradox" and "The Law of Diminishing Returns" applied to most of his short stories weaken the expressiveness of his literary

李朝 黨派 分裂의 原因에 關한 一考察

李鍾恒 慶北大學校 1958 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Introduction Chap. Ⅰ, Process of the Party Division. Sect. 1, Begining of the Party Division. Sect. 2, Cell Division of the Party Chap. Ⅱ. Causes and characteristics of the Party Division. Sect. 1, C aracteristics of the Party Division. Sect. 2, Cause of the Party Division, Conclusion. It is well known that the political history of Lee Dynasty from its middle part on, especially the reign of Senjo(宣祖) onwards, is that of party struggles. Through detailed study on the party struggles attempted by scholars home and abroad, their process has been already well clarified. This Thesis is not, therefore, intended to go into another detailed description of history of the party Struggles. Observation of their history reveals several points that are peculiar to Lee Dynasty's party struggles compared with those which are often found in the struggle of political party in other nations, and these characteristics are as follows. 1. Party is diveded like "Cell" division. A party which gains political power is divided into two, and They are engaged in struggle with each other until one of them is entirely gotten rid of. Then the other remaining party begins to be further divided into two. At first the political world is composed of two parties, East Men(東人) and West Men(西人). East Men is then divided into South Men(南人) and North Men(北人), then North Men into Big North(大北) and Small North (小北), and finally Small North into Clear North(淸北) and Dirty North(獨北). I'd like to call such process as "Cell division of political party in Lee Dynasty" 2. The political party is divided as soon as it gains the political power. It means that soon after it takes over the power, the East Men comes into South Men and North Men, then at the very beginig of achievement of its political purpose North Men into "Big" and "Small North" and again at the time when Small North acquires the superior positions in politics, it is further divided into two. 3. As time goes on, the party struggle becomes more intensified and worse. When the party is first divided into two, it is not considered a matter so significant and serious. However as it continues further division, the struggle becomes more serious and gloomy than before, and the meaner and more unfair methods of struggle sre resorted. Above mentioal are the characteristic points of the party struggle. and now it is attempted to clarify the cause and reason for the party struggle adopting the principle of "Enemy-Friend Relationship" of Carl Schmitt (1888- ) It is my opinion that the party struggle in Lee Dynasty came from the absence of this "Enemy-Friend Relationship" which ougst to have been in the ideal on which the state of Lee Dynasty was founded. When the state was founded, it was determined to be subordinated to china(Min明) without any thought of going against it. So, from the begining, there was no enemy that threatened them from outside. Therefore They we e necessarily obliged to seek some political enemy within the country. This the very reason that defines the peculiar charcter of the party struggle which never heppens in other countries. Looking into the ancient history of Korea, though its was through the positive assistance on the part of Tang(唐) that Silla(新羅) came to unify devided three into one state, it was never thought to be subordinate to Tang. Next, Koryo(高麗) thought them as successor of KoKuryo(高句麗), had a firm spirit of independence and held a strong antagonistic attitude toward Kitai(契丹) and other Kingdoms in China. Accordingly it is natural that inner party struggle of any serious nature can not be traced. Contrary to it, from the beginging, the Lee Dynasty Came under Min as a subordinate state and absolutely gave up the spitit of independence, that naturally resulted into the harsh party struggle at home.

족저압력분포 측정장비를 이용한 골프 스윙시 족저압 분석

이동기,이중숙,이범진,이훈식,김용재,박승범,주종필 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회지 Vol.15 No.1

D. K. LEE, J. S. LEE, B. J. LEE, H. S. LEE, Y. J. KIM, S. B. PARK, J. P. JOO. PIantar foot pressure analysis during golf swing motion using plantar foot pressure measurement system. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 75-89, 2005. In this study, weight carrying pattern analysis and comparison method of four foot region were suggested. We used three types of club(driver, iron7, pitching wedge). This analysis method can compare between top class golfer and beginner. And the comparison data can be used to correct the swing pose of trainee. If motion analysis system, which can measure the swing speed and instantaneous acceleration at the point of hitting a ball, is combined with this plantar foot force analysis method, new design development of golf shoes to increase comfort and ball flight distance will be available. 1. Address acting, forces concentrated in rare foot regions and lateral foot of right foot. Back swing top acting, relatively high force occurred in medial forefoot region of left foot and forefoot region of right foot. Impact acting, high force value observed in the lateral rarefoot region of left foot and medial forefoot region of right foot. Finish acting, force concentration observed on the lateral region and rarefoot region of left foot. 2. Forces were increased in address of right foot with clubs length increased. All clubs, back swing top acting, high force value observed in the lateral forefoot region of right foot. All clubs, in impact, high force value observed in the lateral rarefoot region of left foot and medial forefoot region of right foot. Finish acting, force concentration observed on the rarefoot region in driver and lateral foot region in iron on left foot. 3. Right foot forces distribution were increased in address, back swing top and left foot force distribution were increased in impact, finnish