공단지역 및 청정지역 식물 잎권의 잎표면세균 및 내산성세균의 분포

안종훈,방숙진,한남정,송왕영,황소영,이인수,박성주 대전대학교 이과대학 기초과학연구소 1997 自然科學 Vol.- No.-

산성강하물의 영향을 받는 대천공단지역과 영향을 받지 않는 청정지역인 대전 계족산 자연휴양림에서 자라는 밤나무(Castanea crenat)의 잎표면에서 서식하는 총세균수, 생존세균수, 종속영양세균수, 내산성세균수를 1996년 8월부터 1997년 8월까지 5회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 공단지역 잎표면 평균 총세균수, 생존세균수 및 종속영양세균수는 각각 9.9×10^(5) cell/㎠, 1.6×10⁴cell/㎠, 7.1×10³cell/㎠,로서 청정지역에 비하여 각각 1.5배, 2배, 2.6배 정도로 관찰되었다. MPN법으로 측정한 pH 5.6애서의 잎표면 내산성세를수는 공단지역 3.3×10⁴, 청정지역 3.4×10⁴MON/㎠로 거의 같았고, pH 4.0에서의 내산성세균수는 공단지역애서 1.9×10^-(-1)MPN/㎠인 반면 청정지역에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았다. pH 3.0에서의 내산성 잎표면세균수는 공단지역과 청정지역의 잎권 어느 곳에서도 검출되지 않았다. 한편 계절별 잎표면세균수의 분포는 대체로 잎이 나기 시작하여 크기가 가장 작은 5월에 최대를, 그리고 낙엽이 지는 11월에 최소를 나타내었다. 이런 결과는 공단지역의 대기오염물질의 침적이 주변의 식물 잎표면 세균수를 감소시키지는 않으며, 특히 산성강하물의 영향으로 내산성세균수가 증가함을 보여주고 있다. Total, direct viable count, and acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial population sizes were quantified on leaves of chestnut tree (Castanea crenata S. et Z.) near Taejon Industrial Estate affected by acid precipitation and deposition as well as in the clean natural forest area, Mt. Kyejok, in Taejon city from August 1996 to August 1997. Geometric mean numbers of total, direct viable count, and acid-tolerant epiphytic bacteria were 9.9×10^(5) cell/㎠, 1.6×10^(6)cell/㎠, and 7.1×10³cfu/㎠ respecfvely, being 1.5, 2, and 2.6 times those in the clean area. Acid-to-lerant epiphytic bfcterial numbers at pH 5.6 by MPN method were 3.3×10" in the industrial area, about the same as the number,3.4×104 MPNicni, of the clean area. Acid-tolerant bacterial number at pH 4.0 was 1.9×10^(-1)MPN/㎠ in the industrial area, whereas none was detected in the clean area. Acid-tolerant bacteria at pH 3.0 were not detected at all in the industrial area as well as in the clean area. Epiphytic bacterial population sizes were generally the greatest in May when leaves are emerged and grew but the lowest in November when defoliation occurs. These results showed that air pollutant deposition on leaves did not cause a deuease of epiphytic bacteria at least and acid deposition on leaves did cause an increase of acid-tolerant bacteria.

결정형 규산분진에 폭로된 섬유모세포의 자가증식 : Evaluation by H₂O₂and PDGF-AA 와 TGFβ

안병용,김경아,문제혁,정진숙,김은경,임영 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : The aim of this study is to find out the activity of autoproliferation of rat fibroblast exposed to crystalline silica and the role of mediators secreted from rat fibroblast. Methods : The effect of α-quartz on production of growth factor (platelet-derived growth factor-AA and transforming growth factorβ) from rat fibroblasts were evaluated by ELISA and immunocytochemical analysis. Gene expression of these growth factors in rat fibrobast exposed to crystalline silica was evaluated by RT-PCR. Furthermore, fibroblast proliferation by culture supernatant of rat fibroblast was assayed by the neutral red test. Results : The amounts of H2O2 and growth factors synthesized in rat fibroblasts were significantly increased by the stimulation of crystalline silica (α-quartz) , which showed the dose-dependent manner to the concentration of α-quartz with the maximum response at the dosage of 100 ㎍/㎠. The result of RT-PCR demonstrated that α-quartz induced gene expression of PDGF-AA and TGFβ in rat fibroblast. We also found that supernatant of α-quartz-cocultured rat fibroblast induced a significant proliferation of fibroblast. Conclusion : Crystalline silica directly induce functional change In fibroblast such as increased release of reactive oxygen species and growth factors. The products of these functional change promote fibroblast proliferation via autocrine loop.

남녀 중학생의 약물에 관한 태도 및 인식 연구

성윤진,안숙자 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학논집 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study was to survey the attitude and perception of the Middle School Students on a Drug. In this study, 520 middle school students in Seoul response to a questionnaire, which is composed to analyse four categories, i.e. general facts, the actual condition of a drug use, the attitude of a drug, and the degree of demand ort preventive education for a drug. And the students are classified by satisfactory degree on a home background, satisfactory degree on a school life, and school record. The data is analysed by means of frequency, percentage, chi-square test and pearson's correlation using the SPSS-PC^+ package program. The results of this study were as follow : 1. the actual condition of a drug use The frequency of a drug use except a alcohol and the degree of perception on a drug are higher in female students than in male students. The female students are more permissive on the drug use and they are also tend to think more easily the purchase of a drug. The frequency of a drug use and the degree of perception on a drug are higher in the group of the lower satisfactory degree on a home background. Especially, there are many people using a drug surrounging the student in the lower group. The frequency of a drug use and the degree of perception on a drug are higher in the group of the lower satisfactory degree on a school life. The students in the group of a lower school record think more dangerous about the use of a drug. The degree of perception on a drug is higher in a higher group, and the students in a higher group also think more easily the purchase of a drug. 2. the attitude of a drug and perception The more dangerous attitude of a drug was shown by the female students,by the groups of lower satisfactory degree on a home background and a school life and by the group of a lower school record. 3. the degree of demand on preventive education for a drug The student recognize the necessity of the preventive education for drug abuse. But they think negative about on-going education on a drug because of ineffectiveness of that education. The percentage of student using a drug is not high, but the high percentage of student are interest in the drug and they have permissive attitude on the drug. Thus, the preventive education for a drug abuse is to require haste.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

대전대학교내 먹는 지하수의 미생물학적 수질 평가

방숙전,안종훈,박성주 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 自然科學 Vol.8 No.1

지하수 원수의 세균수는 수온과는 상관성이 없었으며, 종속영양세균의 경우 수온이 가장 낮았을 때 개체수가 가장 많았다. 원수의 평균 총세균수와 R2A배지에서 자란 종속영양세균수는 각각 6.9x10? cell/㎖, 6.7x10²CFU/㎖ 이었으며, 수도꼭지의 물에서도 세균수의 변화는 별로 없었다. R2A배지에서 종속영양세균수는 PCA배지에서 자란 종속영양세균수에 비하여 대체로 10배 정도 많았는데, 이는 유기물의 농도가 낮고 세균수가 적은 지하수 세균학의 연구에 R2A배지의 사용이 효과적이라는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 지하수 원수에 비하여 수도꼭지의 물에서 세균수가 현저하게 증가된 이른바 급수관에서 재생장 현상을 보인 세균은 종대장균군으로서 원수에서 8 CFU/250㎖로 35배나 증가하였다. 분변성 연쇄상구균도 급수계통에서 심한 재생장 현상이 나타났으며 분변성 대장균둔이 검출되지 않은 물에서도 검출되는 것으로 보아 지하수의 지표세균우로 필요한 것으로 판단된다. Salmonella와 Shigella는 추정시험용 선택배지에서 정형적인 콜로니가 나타나기는 하였지만 동정결과 진성인 것은 하나도 없었다. Bacterial numbers in raw groundwater were not independent of water temperature, rather the highest number of heterotrophic plate count bacteria (HPC) was recorded at the lowest temperature. MEAN numbers of total and HPC bacteria in raw water were 6.9x10? cell/㎖ and 6.7x10²CFU/㎖ respectively, not changnin even in tap water. HPC numbers enumerated by R2A agar media were generally 1 log higher than by plate count agar (PCA) media, showing R2A is preferable to PCA in the study of groundwater bacteriology having low organic matters and bacterial density. Total coliform (TC) densities tremendously increased in tap waters and coliform regrowth in the distribution system occurred. Eight CFU/㎖ of total coliforms in raw water changed to 281 CFU/250㎖ in tap water, 35 times increase in density. Presumptive fecal streptococci (FS) showed regrowth in the distribution system as well, but presumptive fecal coliforms did not. HIgh FS numbers were recorded even in the samples where no or few TC were detected, which represents FS as well as TC are necessary to assess drinking groundwater quality. Even though some typical colonies of Salmonella or shigella were developed on the presumptive selective media, any true positive pathogens were not identified.

중학교 학생들의 약물사용실태에 관한 연구

성윤진,안숙자 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1998 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study was to surver the actual condition of the Middle School Students on a Drug. In this study, 500 middle school students in Seoul response to a questionnaire, which is composed to analyse two categories, i.e. general facts, the actual condition of drug use (the frequency of drug use, the degree of perception on drugs, the people using a drug surrounding, the degree of purchase on drugs). And the students are classified by satisfactory degree on their home backgrounds, satisfactory degree on their school life, and school record. The date is analysed by means of frequency, percentage, chi-square test and Pearson's correlation using the SPSS-PC+ package program. The results of this study were as follow : The frequency of drug use except a alcohol and the degree of perception on a drug among female students are higher than among male. The female students are more permissive on the drug use and they are also tend to think more easily the purchase of a drug. The frequency of drug use and the degree of perception on drugs are higher in the group of the lower satisfactory degree on their home background. Especially, three are many people using drugs surrounding the students in the lower group. The frequency of drug use and the degree of perception on drugs are higher in the group that has the lower satisfactory degree on school life. The students in the group having low school record have more dangerous though about the use of durgs than the students of high record. The degree of perception on a drug is higher in a higher group, and the students in a higher group also think more easily the purchase of drugs. The percentage of students using drugs are not high, but the high percentage of students are interested in the drugs and they have permissive attitudes on drugs. Thus, the preventive education for drug abuse must be done repidly.

요하지통 환자에서 두 개의 캐눌라를 이용한 박동성 고주파 신경근 응고술의 임상 연구

김천숙,배재영,배덕구,강규식,안기량,권진형,김지은,유시현 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Dorsal root ganglion(DRG) block by the local anesthetics and steroids which has done classically in low back pain(LBP) patients with radiculopathy has high incidence of recurrence rate and side effects of steroids. Recently a new technique of pulsed radiofrequency thermocoagulation(P-RFTC) was introduced and substituted for it because of the benefits such as relatively low recurrence rate, low risk of nerve injury and comfort during the procedure. We experienced 15 patients who had LBP with radiculopathy and no or little response to epidural steroid injection. When we performed DR ganglionotomy by P- RFTC under the C-arm guide in these patients, we tried to approach the exact DR ganglion using tow cannulas - the one for obtaining patient's subjective symptoms and injection of contrast dye, the other for making a RF lesioning after identifying the impedance of sensory and motor stimulation. In conclusion, DR ganglionotomy by P- RFTC using two cannulas in LBP patients is an easy and safe procedure with satisfactory results.

수술실 오염도감소를 위한 수술실공조시스템에 대한 연구

김천숙,박은정,강규식,김지은,안기량,권진형,유시현,주영철,권순정 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Background: The OR(operating room) should provide an optimum environment that is safe for the patient and the working personnel. The air ventilation system of OR has been studied to decrease the contamination of air. We investigated the flow and contamination of the air in OR at our hospital. Method: Cultures in OR were made and the number of bacteria and fungi were calculated. A two-dimensional model for the cross-section of an operation room is developed for the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. The characteristics of air flow in the empty operation room and in the occupied operation room are calculated by using a CFD program. Results: The current air ventilation system of our hospital does not deliver the clean air to the operating site efficiently in occupied OR. Conclusions: We suggested a new location of air ventilation system which improves air venting with little increase of the cost of equipment.

제대혈 분리방법의 차이에 따른 단핵구 및 조혈모세포의 수득 효과에 관한 비교연구

박정숙,이영호,최안홍,노신애,김태겸,한진영 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1998 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.3 No.1

연구배경 : 최근에 보고된 변형적 Ficoll-Hypaque 방법을 이용한 제대혈 분리방법이 지금까지의 고식적 Ficoll-Hypaque 분리방법에 비하여 조혈모세포의 수득효과면에서 얼마나 차이가 있는지 또한 비교적 수득효과가 크다고 알려져 있는 3% gelatin을 이용한 분리방법에 비하여 얼마나 효과적인지를 알아보고, 제대혈 분리방법의 차이에 따라 단핵구와 조혈모세포 사이에 어떤 상관관계가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 21명의 건강한 산모로부터 정상 질식 및 제왕절개 분만 후 제대정맥에서 해파린 처리한 주사기를 사용하여 제대혈을 채취하였다 채취한 제대혈은 동일하게 3개월 시험관에 나누어 실온에서 24시간 이내에 고식적 Ficoll-Hypaque분리법, modified Ficoll-Hypaque 분리법, 3% gelatin 분리법을 이용하여 각각 단핵구 분리를 시도하였으며 이들의 단핵구수 및 생존률, CD34 양성세포수, 집락수를 측정 비교 하였다. 또 상관분석을 이용하여 단핵구수, CD34양성세포수와 CFU-GM집락수 사이의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결과: 1) 세포 생존률은 고식적 Ficoll-Hypaque 분리법, 변형적 Ficoll-Hypaque 분리법, 3% gelatin 분리법 사이레 통계적 차이가 없었다. 2) 단핵구수는 3% gelatin으로 분리했을 때가 4.56±1.86 (×10^(6)/mL)로 수득효과가 가장 높았으며 (P=0.0001), Ficoll-Hypaque으로 분리했을때는 각각 1.54±0.06(×10^(6)/mL), 1.36±0.67(×10^(6)/mL)로서 고식적 방법과 변형적 방법 차이에 통계적 차이가 없었다. 3) CD34 양성세포수는 3%gelatin으로 분리했을 때가 6.08±3.99(×10⁴/mL)로 수득효과가 가장 높았으며 (P=0.0001), Ficoll-Hypaque으로 분리했을 때는 각각 2.18±2.17(×10⁴/mL), 2.24±1.63(×10⁴mL)로서 고식적 방법과 변형적 방법사이에 통계적 차이가 없었다. 4) CFU-GM 집락수는 3% gelatin으로 분리했을 때가 15.72±8.93(×10³/mL)로 수득효과가 가장 높았으며 (P=0.0002), Ficoll-Hypaque으로 분리했을 때는 각각 3.12±1.45(×10³mL), 2.35±0.82(×10³/mL)로서 고식적 방법과 변형적 방법 사이에 통계적 차이가 없었다, 5) 제대혈 고식적 Ficoll-Hypaque 방법으로 분리하였던 경우는 단핵구수와 CFU-GM집락수 사이에 상관관계가 없었으며CD34 양성세포수만 CFU-GM집락수와 상관관계가 있었다. (r=0.57). 또 변형적 Ficoll-Hypaque 방법에 의하여 분리하였던 경우는 단핵구수나 CD34 양성세포수 모두가 CFU-GM 집락수와 상관관계가 없었다. 그러나 제대혈을 3% gelatin법으로 분리하였던 경우는 CFU-GM집락수 가 단핵구수 (r=0.88) 및 CD34양성세포수(r=0.86)양자 모두와 상관관계가 있었다. 결론 : 3%gelatin을 이용하여 제대혈을 분리하는 것이 단핵구 및 조세모세포의 수득효과면에서 가장 효과적이었다. 한편 변형적 Ficoll-Hypaque 분리법이 고식적 Ficoll-Hypaque 분리법보다 시간과 경비면에서 비효율적이면서 수득효과도 높지 못하였다. 또 제대혈 분리법의 차이에 따라 단핵구나 CD34 양성세포와 VFU-GM사이에 상관관계에 차이가 있었으며, 실제로 제대혈이식 후에 생착 여부를 예측할 수 있는 인자가 제대혈 분리법의 차이에 따라 달라지는지에 관해서 보다 많은 임상적 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background : Cord blood banking for stem cell transplantation requires volume reduction and red cell depletion for cost effective storage. To determine which technique could minimize the loss of progenitor cells during cord blood processing, we compared the efficacy of cord blood separating methods which were conventional Ficoll-Hypaque method, modified Ficoll-Hypaque method, and 3% gelatin method. Methods : Twenty-one cord blood samples were obtained with heparinized syringes from the umbilical vein following delivery. Three aliquots of each 20mL cord blood were stored at room temperature and processed by 3 different techniques within 24 hours after collection. We compared mononuclear cells(MNCs) counts and their viability, CD34+ cells counts, and CFU-GMs counts and also observed their correlations among three techniques. Results : 1) The yield of MNCs or CD34+ cells was highest in the cord blood processed with 3% gelatin method than conventional or modified Ficoll-Hypaque method(P=0.0001). 2) There were no significant difference in the yield of MNCs and CD34+ cells between conventional and modified Ficoll-Hypaque method. 3) Both MNCs counts (r=0.800) and CD34+ cells counts (r=0.86) were significantly correlated with CFU-GM counts in the cord blood processed with 3% gelatin method. 4) CD34+ cells counts were significantly correlated with CFU-GM counts in the cord blood processed with conventional Ficoll-Hypaque method (r=0.57), but MNC counts were not. 5) Both MNC counts and CD34+ cell counts were not correlated with CFU-GM counts in the cord blood processed with modified Ficoll-Hypaque method. Conclusion : Cord blood separation with 3% gelatin method could provide better yield of progenitor cells than with FICOLL_Hypaque methods. And between two Ficoll-Hypaque methods, modified method is more laborsome but not better in terms of clonogenic potential than conventional method.

제왕절개술 환자에서 수술전 투여한 ketamine의 혈청 interleukin-6 및 수술후 통증에 대한 효과

김진수,김유재,안기량,김천숙,김일호,한찬수 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

The inflammatory reaction to tissue damage during surgery may induce central sensitization followed by hyperalgesia. Previous studies suggest that central sensitization is related to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, which can be blocked with NMDA antagonist, ketamine. Thus, we compared the effect of preoperative intravenous and epidural low doses of ketamine with placebo on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and postoperative pain. ASA class I and II women scheduled for C-sections received intravenous ketamine 0.15mg/kg(group 2) or placebo(group 1), or epidural ketamine(0.15 mg/kg) before the operation. IL-6 levels were measured before and during the operation, and 8, 24, and 48 hrs after the operation. Visual Analogue Scales(VAS) and Verbal Ration Scales(VRS) were measured at 8, 24, and 48 hrs after the operation. Serum IL-6 levels at 8, 24, and 48 hrs after the operation were significantly lower in the intravenous ketamine and epidural ketamine groups than in the control group. VAS at 8 hrs and 48 hrs after the operation were significantly lower in the epidural ketamine group. VAS at 8 hrs and 48 hrs after the operation were significantly lower in the epidural ketamine group than in the control and intravenous ketamine groups. In conclusion, in the preoperative intravenous and epidural administration of low doses(0.15mg/kg) of ketamine, both are effective in reducing postoperative IL-6 levels. Epidural Ketamine is more effective than intravenous ketamine in postoperative pain control.