Production and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in Chitin Catabolic Cascade from a Bacterial Strain Isolated from Soil

( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Jeong In Lee ),( So Yeon Park ),( Yoo Kyeong Jang ),( You Bin Lim ),( Hye Yoon Lee ),( Young Min Jung ),( Hae Chang Lee ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Shaheen Amna ),( Jae Kweon Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The present study was aimed to isolate the bacteria producing chitinolytic enzymes including chitin deacetylase (CDA) from soil origin. About 24 bacteria were screened for their chitinolytic enzymes producing ability on the basis of colloidal chitin. Amongst one of the most potent isolates designated to JI-02 was further selected as the most prominent chitinolytic and CDAlike enzyme (CDA-X) producer based on the ability of deacetylation of an artificial substrate pNP-acetamilide. The maximum production of CDA-X in crude enzyme from JI-02 was observed in the presence of 1% colloidal chitin at 37°C and pH 6.4 after 120 h of incubation. Potent enzyme activity of CDA-X was determined toward pNP-acetamilide, demonstrating that optimal pH, temperature and ionic strength of the CDA-X were assessed to be 7.0, 52°C and 125 mM, respectively. Unexpectedly, Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was not fully converted by the action of CDA-X to glucosamine (GlcN) under the established conditions. Further study on enzyme activity toward chitin-oligosaccharides consisting of multi-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)n, n=2-5 may be necessary to elucidate the mode of action which requires the minimum size of (GlcNAc)n. However, our data suggest that CDA-X can convert chitin to chitosan with the maximum yield of approximately 0.08g/L during the fermentation of the strain in the presence of chitin. Furthermore, we found that crude enzyme showed the significant chitosanolytic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the strain JI-02 may be a potential candidate as a particular strain for better understating of chitin catabolic pathway.

피란델로 <작가를 찾는 6인의 등장인물>의 극작술 연구

장지연 한국연극학회 2001 한국연극학 Vol.0 No.17

Luigi Pirandello e` il maggiore autore rappresentativo del teatro moderno italiano. Egli si distingue dalla tradizione teatrale del XIX secolo attraverso nuove forme teatrali. La sua foma e` la componente principale con cui gli attori e i personaggi recitano sottolineando la relazione fra illusione e realta`, forma e vita. Questo nuovo modo di esprimere le proprie opere adotta il nome di metateatro. La sua caratteristica nel fare il metateatro e` di non permettere al pubblico di partecipare ai sentimenti che scaturiscono durante la rappresentazione. Il tema coerente delle sue opere e` riconoscere la sofferenza nel realizzare che esiste uninconsistenza tra la vita e la forma e poi ammettere che tutto e` relativo. Cio` comporta al rifiuto degli ideali del Positivismo del fine XIX secolo, i quali definivano l'importanza del culto della ragione e della verita`. Il relativismo pirandelliano valuta la coscienza dei personaggi sotto un profilo differente, contrastando cosl` con le precedenti forme tradizionali. I caratteri e i valori di Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore stanno nell'essere realizzati contemporaneamente con i temi riguardanti 'la visione d'arte del dilie`mma dell'autore nel corso per la creazione delle opere' e il relativismo, 'la pena di vivere' dall'inconsistenza della vita fluente, la forma fissata, e 'l' umorismo che vince l'incomprensione e il fenomeno d'incomunicahilita` dalla condizione tragica degli uomini', attraverso il rapporto con i personaggi e gli attori nel 'teatro nel teatro', il 'metateatro'. Desidero che questa tesi sia basata sulla comprensione delle caratteristiche letterarie di Pirandello ed sia la fase precedente per la distruzione, ricostruzione e riproduzione delle sue opere in coreano.

개경과 한양의 도성구성 비교

장지연 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소 2000 서울학연구 Vol.- No.15

우리나라 4년제 대학졸업자의 직업교육훈련 성과분석 : 교육투자수익률 추정을 중심으로 With The Estimation for The Rate of Return to investment in Education

장창원,이지연 한국직업능력개발원 1999 직업능력개발연구 Vol.2 No.1

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to provide the practical policy suggestions for the re-vitalization of vocational education and training at the higher level of education. For the purpose, data from ^P Earning Structure Basic Statistics Survey Reportj was re-analyzed with such variables as educational level, gender, individual who have or not a qualification, and the kinds of qualification. Jacob Mincer earnings function was used to explain and predict the differences between groups on the suggested variables by estimating the rate of return to investment in education.The empirical estimation of the rate of return to investment in education was concluded that adults with higher levels of education (Bachelor's degree : 15.8%) were more likely to have a high wages in the labor market than those with less education (High school graduate : 8.6%, Associate degree:11.7%). For the rate of return to investment by education level for those who have a qualification, 13.8 percent was shown to adults with a bachelor's degree, compared with 10.3 percent of persons with associate degree, and 7.4 percent of persons with high school graduate. In contrast, for those who have a non-qualification, 14.9 percent was shown to adults with a bachelor's degree compared with 10.7 percent of persons with associate degree, and 7.4 percent of persons with high school graduate.The rate of return to investment in education for adults who have a non-qualification with bachelor's degrees were 1.1 percent higher than the persons who have a qualification with similar levels of education. This results show the evidence that persons with lower levels of educational attainment were more likely to have a lower wages in the labor market than those who had a higher levels of educational attainment. Futhermore, persons who have a non-qualification with higher levels of educational attainment were more likely to have a higher wages in the labor market compared with persons who have a qualification with higher levels of educational attainment. This result revealed that acquirement of qualification is not important issue to judge the performance of the vocational education and training nor standard for employability for entering labor market. Statistics on educational attainment of the entire population show that graduation from university is not simply an academic honour. Educational attainment reflects admission to a particular position in society and influences even job opportunities. His or her own employability by acquirement of qualification does not value in our society. Most business and industry differentiate between those jobs which require a university degree, regardless of qualifications or skills, and those that do not. Regardless of his or her ability, social status as determined by university graduation, has become more important than employability.For making a change from the degree-oriented toward person's ability-oriented valued society, vocational education and training at the higher level of education must emphasis in a new direction. Followings are the summary policy suggestions for the re-vitalizing vocational education and training at the university, where is the place for development of workforce and for preparing world of work.1) Most Korean youth want to go to four-year university after high school. The percentage of high school graduates who indicated plans to enter a four-year university increased to "get a better job" and "make more money". However, a large percentage of graduates from four year universities have a significant problem finding employment. Higher level of education must play a important role to make students as a employable person during their 4 year of campus life. Thus, vocational education and training must emphasis at the university level with changing curriculum structure.2) Curriculum at the higher level of education of the 21century may focus more on helping students transferable workplace competencies and advanced work-related technology in a variety method rather than a simple theoritical knowledge delivery in one way communication teaching structure.3) Changes in qualification system may emphasis more on workplace readiness and assessment process with collaborative partnership with business/industry and university.4) Much attention must directed to the role and responsibility of 4-year university in creating and disseminating the practical and advanced knowledge and technology for those who can meaningful transfer university to work beyond Bachelor's degree only.

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.

피란델로 L'uomo dal fiore in bocca의 인물 분석

장지연 한국이어이문학회 2003 이탈리아어문학 Vol.12 No.-

Dalla ricerca dei personaggi de L'uomo dal fiore in bocca di Pirandello risultano illuminati alcuni aspetti significantivi. Si puo` sostituire l'uomo dal fiore con lo stesso Pirandello come l'autore, un pacifico avventore con un personaggio nel copione teatrale, e poi una donna vestita di nero con I'immaginazione d'artista. Secondo questo punto di vista, nell'opera si puo`, trovare l'angoscia d'artista dolorante causata dalla mancanza d'immaginazione e il conflitto fra la vita e l'arte, fra la vita e la forma. Si puo` dire che le opere teatrali di Pirandello sono quasi basati sull'angoscia coerente dell'arte e della vita. Anche quest'opera si potrebbe considerare nello stesso modo. L'autore vuole realizzare la nuova forma d'opera, rompendo la vecchia forma, per rappresentare il rapporto della vita, dell'arte e della forma. Ma a causa della mancanza d'immaginazione l'autore soffre il dillema nel processo creativo. E anche, la nostra vita e` pieno d'assurdita` di ogni fonna che ci coinvolta, come le leggi e le consuetudini, le moralita` i pregiudizi, ecc. Gli uomini tentano di romperli. Alla fine sia come l'artista e sia come l'uomo mediocre, non si puo` liberare dalle forme. L'artisti cercano di trovare le nuove forme, gli uomini di buttare via le vecchie forme. Ma tutti e due hanno l'aspetto uguale nel modo di superare le vecchie.

다리오 포의 극 연구 : 『3인의 건달들 I tre bravi』에 나타난 콤메디아 델라르테 기법

장지연 한국이어이문학회 2003 이탈리아어문학 Vol.13 No.-

Questa resi e` un'analisi della struttura della Commedia dell'arte in "I tre bravi" di Dario Fo. Qui ho preso in considerazione cinque caterristiche. Primo: il tema di questo teatro e` un'intrigo d'amore come nelle opere della Commedia dell'arte, e l'oggetto della satira e` il padre che e` il personaggio a cui interessa soltanto i soldi e non ammette affetto l'amore. Percio` si nasce il conflitto tra il padre e le tre figlie. Seconda: ogni personaggio del teatro della Commedia dell'arte ha generalmente una parte, ma in questo teatro di Dario Fo ogni personaggio ha varie parti. Il padre svolge la parte di Pantalone e anche di Dottore, le tre figlie quella degl'innamorati e anche delle servette, e i tre bravi quella del Capitano, degli zanni e anche degl'innamorati. Poiche` ogni personaggio svolge simultaneamente varie parti della Commedia dell'arte, non si ha una sensazione di monotonia. Terza: come gli esempi delle parole "la bambola" e "il parco", lo stesso suono richiama un significato. Quarta: nel test di coraggio del padre i tre bravi interpretano una parte buffonesca che ripone i lazzi della Commedia dell'arte. Quinta: le effusioni nude di amore delle tre figlie sono un descrizione frequente nella Commedia dell'arte. Questa farsa alla maniera della Commedia dell'arte provoca piacere, e fa la satira delle persone comuni di oggi anche se non quella politica aggressiva come nelle altre opere di Dario Fo.

조선시대 도시사회사 연구의 현황과 과제

張志連 명청사학회 2002 명청사연구 Vol.17 No.1

There were not so many studies on the view of urban history in Korea till 1970's when urbanization was started to be progressed. Concrete studies were not made until 1990's when socio-economic historical studies were accumulated since then and Seoul became the center of public interest because 1994 was 600 anniversary as a Capital. Many studies are still concentrated on Seoul, not provincial cities. Studies on Hanseong - the official name of Seoul in Chosun dynasty - are concentrated on at the beginning of Chosun dynasty(15th century), and after 17, 18th century when it was developed forward modern city. The latter studies are increasing rapidly, and tend to emphasize Hanseong's development, but there are not so many studies on the other period. As for provincial cities, studies were started to criticize Japanese colonial view of history. At the late of 1970's, socio-rural history was made secured in Korean history. From 1980's, socio-rural history was made secured in Korean history. From 1980's, it extended its field more and more, but they didn't divide provincial cities from rural district. Basically they treat provincial cities not as a view of urban history, but as a view of central government's ruling country. There are not enough studies on urban history in Chosun dynasty accumulated so far. New perspective needs methodologically and more cases need to be accumulated.

미다졸람의 비강 내 추가투여가 소아의 경구 진정요법에 미치는 영향

장수영,김지연,박기태 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

Effect of supplementary intranasal midazolam on oral sedation of children The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary parameters of two sedation regimens during dental treatment: (1) Oral chloral hydrate(CH) and hydroxyzine(HZ) with nitrous oxide-oxygen(N2O/O2) inhalation( CH-HZ group); (2) Oral chloral hydrate(CH) and hydroxyzine(HZ) with nitrous oxide-oxygen(N2O/O2) inhalation and supplementary intranasal(IN) midazolam administration(MIDA group). Among the patients of OO hospital who received dental treatment under sedation over the past 5 years, 44 patients were selected for each group of CH-HZ and MIDA according to their age, gender and weight. Following parameters that were recorded every 5 minutes were compared: 1) Heart rate(HR) 2) O2 saturation 3) End tidal carbon dioxide concentration(EtCO2) 4) Respiratory rate(RR) 33 patients of Group MIDA who have complete data of 15 minutes before and after supplementary IN midazolam administration were selected. And measurements 15 minutes before and after midazolam administration in same patient were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. Heart rate was significantly higher in MIDA group than in CH-HZ group, but it was within normal range. 2. Comparing HR, O2 saturation, EtCO2, RR between before and after of supplementary IN midazolam administration in the same patient, the differences were not statistically significant. 이 연구는 소아환자의 경구 진정요법 시 미다졸람의 비강 내 추가 투여가 심폐기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것으로 5 년간 삼성서울병원 소아치과에서 chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine을 경구투여하고 N2O/O2 inhalation을 추가로 사용한 진정요법으로 치료 받은 환자 중 미다졸람을 추가투여 받은 실험군(MIDA군)과, 미다졸람을 추가 투여하지 않은 대조군 (CH-HZ군)을 각각 44명씩 선정하여 서로 비교하였다. 진정요법 중 5분마다 측정된 1) Heart rate(HR) 2) O2 saturation 3) End tidal carbon dioxide concentration (EtCO2), 4) Respiratory rate(RR)의 평균값을 비교하였다. 또한 동일 환자에서의 미다졸람 투여 전 후의 심폐기능지표의 변화 양상을 평가하기 위해 MIDA군 중에서 미다졸람 투여 전 후 15분 이상의 기록이 존재하는 33명을 선정하여 미다졸람 투여 전 후 15분 시점의 측정값을 각각 비교하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Heart rate는 미다졸람을 추가 투여한 군에서 유의하게 높았으며 나머지 심폐기능 지표의 측정값들은 차이가 없었다. 두 군의 측정값들은 모두 정상범위 안에 있었다. 2. 동일 환자에서 미다졸람 투여 전 후 15분의 측정값을 비교한 결과 두 시점간에 측정된 값들은 유의한 차이가 없었다.

의예과 학생들의 성격유형검사(MBTI)의 특성

오윤경,장진영,박상학,류소연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.1

Pmpose: To investigate the characteristics of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in premedical students of one medical college and to compare the personality profiles of them with those of other studies which involved the K-orean university students and other country population. Mateiials and Methods: The MBTI was used to measure the personality profiles of premedical students at the Center for Teaching & Leaming of Chosun University. One hundred and twenty five premedical students participated in this study and the MBTI profiles of them were compared to those of K-orean university students (1,441 persons), i.e. their potential patients and those of the United Kingdom (UK.) Population (1,634 persons) and a sample of UK- doctors (313 persons) of one medical college involved in other studies. Results: The premedical students had a preference for Introversion (62%) rather than Extraversion (38%), Sensing (70%) rather than Intuition (30%), Thinking (66%) rather than Feeling (34%), and Judging (57%) rather than Perceiving (43%). There were more Thinking (66% vs 57%, p=0.071) in the premedical students than in K-orean university students with borderline significance. There were significantly more Thinking (66% vs 46%, P=0.000) and more Introversion (62% vs 48%, p=0.002) than in UK- adult population. Also there were significantly more Sensing (62% vs 48%, p=0.002), significantly less Judging (57% vs 68%, P=0.034), and more Introversion (62% vs 53%, 0=0.094) with borderline significance than in UK doctors. But no difference was shown in Thinking between the premedical students and UK- doctors, Conclusion: The personality profiles of the premedical students in this study differed in Thinking with borderline significance from K-orean university students and significantly differed from the UK adult population in Thinking and Introversion showing the cultural difference. No difference of Thinking between the premedical students and UK doctors despite of cultural difference suggests the correlation between the Thinking and medical professional choice.