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고재모 ( Je Mo Koh ) 한중사회과학학회 2010 한중사회과학연구 Vol.8 No.1
Many researchers and practitioners thought that the unexpected fluctuation of international food price from 2006 to 2008 resulted primarily from the lowered inventory rate and increased domestic demand in China. To investigate/examine these generally accepted beliefs, this research analyzed the food supply and demand in China and the remaining world, the trend of food price, those factors that affect the level of Chinese domestic food supply and demand, and future outlook of, and mutual relationship between Chinese and world markets. The major findings are as follows: first, the influence of China on the world food market is expected to grow further in the future, second, there are strong, preceding or following/escorting, causal relationships between international market price and Chinese domestic market price, and third, Chinese net import of food is expected to increase because the analysis indicated that food consumption is expected to surpass food production in China. Those findings provide some important implications for Korea which imports almost all the foods except rice. Most importantly, scientific and continuing monitoring of international food market and the level of Chinese domestic food supply and demand, is strongly needed. In addition, government needs to prepare for the possibility of international use of foods as an arm and the corresponding national food security.
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고재모 한국수산경영학회 1999 수산경영론집 Vol.30 No.1
Since the onset of its economic reform and the open door policy in the late 1970s, China's overall economic growth rate has been continuing about 10% per year. The marine sector is not allowed exception, aquatic products increased sharply from 4.66 million MT in 1978 to 36.02 million MT in 1997, and then China is remained the largest producing country in the world aquatic market and her role would be expanded. Korea having a common boundaries to China is subjected unescapably both in domestic and export markets by the influence of the remarkable growth of China's aquatic products. If China were admitted entrance of WTO(World Trade Organization)in the near future, her influence is getting more serious. Well, we are necessary to understand the characteristics of China's aquatic products and to review fishery policies implemented by the China government. This paper is organized into two major parts, the one includes the structural changes of aquatic products, fishing and cultivating in the coast, latent and estimated production in China, and the other includes the main contents of fishery policies and measures of government administration. A characteristic of China's aquatic products is that cultivated production, especially, shellfish outputs continues to rapid increase. The major means of administration are an execution of fishing license system and setting up no-fishing zone and closed season for fishery. China is no longer a marginal player in international economic and world aquatic market. So, we will not only understand China's aquatic conditions and problems, but will also see the usefulness in continuing the cooperative relationship for a long time to come.
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( Dong Mo Je ),( Yong Han Paik ),( Geum Youn Gwak ),( Moon Seok Choi ),( Joon Hyeok Lee ),( Kwang Cheol Koh ),( Seung Woon Paik ),( Byung Chul Yoo ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.3
Background/Aims: To investigate the efficacy and longterm outcome of esophageal variceal ligation (EVL) plus propranolol in comparison with propranolol alone for the primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding. Methods: A total of 504 patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. 330 patients were in propranolol group (Gr1) and 174 patients were in EVL plus propranolol group (Gr2). The endpoints of this study were esophageal variceal bleeding and mortality. Association analyses were performed to evaluate bleeding and mortality between Gr1 and Gr2. Results: EVL was more applied in patients with high risk, such as large-sized varices (F2 or F3) or positive red color signs. Total 38 patients had bleeds, 32 in Gr1 and 6 in Gr2. The cumulative probability of bleeding at 120 months was 13% in Gr1 versus 4% in Gr2 (P=0.04). The predictive factors of variceal bleeding were red color signs (OR 2.962, P=0.007) and the method of propranolol plus EVL (OR 0.160, P=0.000). 20 patients died in Gr1 and 12 in Gr2. Mortality rates are similar in the two groups compared, 6.7% in Gr1 and 6.9% in Gr2. The cumulative probability of mortality at 120 months was not significantly different in the two groups (7% in Gr1, 12% in Gr2, P=0.798). The prognostic factors for mortality were age over 50 (OR 5.496, P=0.002), Child-Pugh class B (OR 3.979, P=0.001), and Child-Pugh class C (OR 10.861, P=0.000). Conclusions: EVL plus propranolol is more effective than propranolol alone in the prevention of the first variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:283-290)
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곽사호,고제만,임병모 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1994 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.32 No.5
The mechanism of sulphur transport from steel bath into slag droplets produced during slag injection processes has been investigated by simulation experiments using the slags of different compositions. Powdered slags were introduced onto the surface of small steel melts in alumina crucibles at 1550℃ and the ensuing sulphur profiles in the steel and slag were determined by microprobe analysis. The results are as follows : 1) The desulphurization ability of molten steel appears to be best when the slag basicity is high. 2) The concentration and transport rate of sulphur within a slag is increased with high slag basicity; the mode of sulphur distribution is stepwise in basic slags while parabolic in acid. 3) Sulphur in the molten steel moved to the slag during the reaction and in the sulphur content in the steel at the interface was reached at the quasi-equilibrium state in a short reaction time. 4) The mechanism of sulphur transport seems to be controlled by a diffusion procsss in the slag side, which is in turn related to the viscosity of the slag.
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Silver nanoparticles induce apoptotic cell death in cultured cerebral cortical neurons
Kim, Sung-Hwan,Ko, Je-Won,Koh, Suk-Kyu,Lee, In-Chul,Son, Jung-Mo,Moon, Changjong,Kim, Sung-Ho,Shin, Dong-Ho,Kim, Jong-Choon 대한독성유전단백체학회 2014 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.10 No.2
Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have been widely produced and exploited in diverse products, primarily because of their antimicrobial properties. The present study investigated the induction of apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in cultured cortical neurons in response to SNP exposure. In order to assess the toxicity of SNPs, the cultured cortical neurons were exposed to 0.4, 2, and $10{\mu}g/mL$ of SNPs for 6, 12, and 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells was quantified and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Apoptosis induced by SNPs was analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), a DNA ladder assay and Western blot analysis. SNPs inhibited the viability of cerebral cortical neurons in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Levels of ROS increased significantly at 12 and 24 h after treatment. TUNEL showed that compared with controls, numerous apoptotic cells appeared in the treated cultures at 12 and 24 h after treatment. DNA fragmentation in SNP-exposed cells suggested apoptosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that cleaved caspase-3 protein expression increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that SNPs cause cytotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis through increasing intracellular ROS production in cultured cortical neurons.
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권오박(Oh Park Kwon),고재모(Je Mo Koh) 한국광고홍보학회 2009 한국광고홍보학보 Vol.11 No.1
본 연구는 기업이 기업수준에서의 광고비를 결정함에 있어서 어떤 요인의 영향을 비교적 많이 받으며, 또 광고비가 매출액이나 영업이익 등에 영향을 미치는 투자로서의 성격을 갖는지, 아니면 기업이 그러한 경영성과의 결과로서 광고비를 증감시키는지에 대한 판단 준거를 얻기 위한 분석이었다. 분석 방법은 크게 두 분야로 나누어서 진행되었다. 우선 장기 시계열 자료를 이용할 때 발생하는 자료의 안정성 문제를 검정하였다. 그 다음으로 매출액, 영업이익, GDP 등 기업의 광고비에 영향을 미치는 지표들과 광고비를 대상으로 이들 변수 상호 간의 인과관계를 검정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 광고비의 결정에서 영업이익보다는 매출액이 더 큰 설명력을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 동시에 매출액과 광고비 간에 상당히 높은 정(+)의 1차 함수적 관계가 있음도 확인되었다. 또 주요 기업들은 장기적으로 매출액의 증가율보다 이익의 증가율을 더 중시하고 있음도 확인하였다. 둘째, 인과관계 검정결과 광고비가 매출액의 선행변수로 확인되어 광고비가 매출액에 영향을 미치는 투자로서의 성격을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 동시에 GDP와 매출액 간에는 쌍방향 모두 인과관계가 없는 것으로 확인되었으나 GDP와 광고비는 쌍방향 모두 Granger-인과관계가 있는 것으로 확인되어 매출액보다는 오히려 광고비가 국가경제의 여건 변화에 더 민감하게 반응한다는 의미로 해석된다. One of the primary objectives of this research was to investigate whether, on overall company or business level, advertising can be regarded largely as investment that contributes to increased sales or operating profits, or, conversely, advertising expenditure is determined simply by the level of current or expected company sales. Thus, this research analyzed advertising expenditure in relation to sales, operating profits, and GDP. Specifically, using KIS-Value data from 1980 to 2006, this research performed two major analyses: 1) a series of tests for the stationarity of long term time-series data of advertising expenditure and those business performance variables for the corresponding period, and 2) tests for Granger-causality between advertising expenditure and the performance variables and, based on the results, a series of correlation analysis for the same data. The major findings are as follows: First, sales had higher explanatory power than operating profits in determining the level of advertising expenditure. And, there was significant correlation between advertising expenditure and sales. Also, those companies subjected to analysis appeared to be interested more in increasing profits than sales. Secondly, causality tests indicated that advertising expenditure precedes sales, suggesting that advertising may indeed play the role of investment. There was no Granger-causality between sales and GDP for either direction. But, there was Granger-causality between advertising and GDP for both directions, suggesting that advertising expenditure, rather than sales, responds more sensitively to change in macro-economic condition.
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Kim, Dong-Gun,Kim, Min-Kyoung,Bae, Sung-Hwa,Koh, Sung-Ae,Park, Sung-Woo,Kim, Hyun-Je,Kim, Myung-Jin,Jang, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Kyung-Hee,Lee, Kwan-Ho,Chung, Jin-Hong,Shin, Kyung-Chul,Ryoo, Hun-Mo,Hyun, Myung- Yeungnam University College of Medicine 2011 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.28 No.1
Background: The optimal timing of treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) in NSCLC patients has not yet been determined. Methods: We separated 228 patients with advanced /metastatic NSCLC treated with gefitinib into an early gefitinib group (patients who received gefitinib as first- or second-line treatment) and a delayed gefitinib group (patients who received gefitinib as third or fourth-line treatment) and attempted to determine whether the timing of gefitinib treatment affected clinical outcomes. Results: Median overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and median OS from first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic disease (OSt) for 111 patients in the early gefitinib group were 6.2 months, 3.3 months, and 11.6 months. However, median OS, PFS, and OSt for 84 patients in the delayed gefitinib group were 7.8 months, 2.3 months, and 22.7 months. No differences in OS and PFS were observed between the 2 groups. However, OSt was significantly longer in the delayed gefitnib group. Timing of gefitinib therapy was one of the independent predictors of OSt. Hb ${\geq}$ 10 g/dl, and having never smoked, and ECOG performance status ${\leq}1$ were independent predictors of better PFS. Conclusion:Deferral of gefitinib therapy in patientswith advanced ormetastatic NSCLC may be preferable if they are able to tolerate chemotherapy.
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