PRPF4 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer by influencing growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells via p38 MAPK signaling pathway

Park, Song,Han, Se-Hyeon,Kim, Hyeon-Gyeom,Jeong, Jain,Choi, Minjee,Kim, Hee-Yeon,Kim, Min-Gi,Park, Jin-Kyu,Han, Jee Eun,Cho, Gil-Jae,Kim, Myoung Ok,Ryoo, Zae Young,Choi, Seong-Kyoon Elsevier 2019 Molecular and cellular probes Vol.47 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 (PRPF4), a core protein in U4/U6 snRNP, maintains snRNP structures by interacting with PRPF3 and cyclophilin H. Expression of the <I>PRPF4</I> gene affects cell survival as well as apoptosis and is responsible for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Proteomics analysis shows that <I>PRPF4</I> may be a therapeutic target in human cancers. Nevertheless, the exact function and role of the <I>PRPF4</I> gene are unclear. In this study, we assessed the expression of <I>PRPF4</I> gene in human breast cancer cells. First, we confirmed that the <I>PRPF4</I> gene was overexpressed in various breast cancer cell lines. Next, using breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-468, we established stable cell lines with <I>PRPF4</I> gene knockdown. We also performed microarray analysis to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying <I>PRPF4</I> activity. All cell lines with <I>PRPF4</I> gene knockdown exhibited reduced cell proliferation, remarkable reduction in anchorage-independent colony formation capacity, and reduction of PCNA protein, which is a marker cell of proliferation. Reduced expression of the <I>PRPF4</I> gene induced apoptosis and changes in the expression of associated apoptotic markers in breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of the <I>PRPF4</I> gene reduced cellular capacity for migration and invasion (the key hallmarks of human cancers) and decreased the expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Microarray results showed that the expression of <I>PPIP5K1</I>, <I>PPIPK2</I>, and <I>YWHAE</I> genes was reduced at the transcriptional level, leading to reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. These findings suggest that knockdown of <I>PRPF4</I> gene slows down breast cancer progression via suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the <I>PRPF4</I> gene plays an important role in the growth of breast cancer cells and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We generated the knockdown of <I>PRPF4 gene</I> in breast cancer cell line for function study. </LI> <LI> Knockdown of <I>PRPF4</I> decreased the proliferation and colony formation of breast cancer cells. </LI> <LI> Knockdown of <I>PRPF4</I> increased apoptosis of breast cancer cells. </LI> <LI> Knockdown of <I>PRPF4</I> decreased migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition ability of breast cancer cells. </LI> <LI> Knockdown of <I>PRPF4</I> regulates breast cancer cells progression by decreasing p38 MAPK signaling pathway. </LI> </UL> </P>

탄소중립 교통체계 구축을 위한 교통세 개편 방안

박상준(PARK, Sangjune),박상우(PARK, Sang-Woo),김자인(KIM, Jain) 대한교통학회 2023 교통 기술과 정책 Vol.20 No.6

Robust Keypoint Detection Using Higher-Order Scale Space Derivatives: Application to Image Retrieval

Unsang Park,Jongseung Park,Jain, Anil K. IEEE Signal Processing Society 2014 IEEE signal processing letters Vol. No.

<P>Image retrieval has been extensively studied over the last two decades due to the increasing demands for the effective use of multimedia data. Among various approaches to image retrieval, scale space representation and local keypoint descriptors have been shown to be a promising approach. Even though the concept of scale space representation has been known for a long time, it has now gained prominence as a powerful method for image retrieval mostly due to the invention of the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). We will review the characteristics of the scale space operation and provide an extended method of scale space operation that significantly improves the image matching accuracy in the context of image retrieval. We use an operational tattoo image database containing 1,000 near duplicate images to show the superior retrieval performance of the proposed method compared to SIFT keypoints.</P>

Viscosity Effects of Hydrophilic Polymers on Transport of Collagen Hydrolysate Across Reconstructed Human Buccal Tissue

Jain Koo,Seohyun Lee,Sooho Yeo,김도현,Minwoo Park,Tack Soo Nam,이재휘 대한화학회 2020 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.41 No.3

Herein we investigate the influence of hydrophilic polymers on the buccal permeability of collagen hydrolysate (CGH) by performing in vitro buccal permeation test and viscosity measurements. After we demonstrated that CGH (2000?3000?Da) could be delivered across the reconstructed human buccal tissue as evaluated by hydroxyproline assay, the effects of different hydrophilic polymers, varying amounts of CGH, and hydration methods were examined to elucidate the relationship with buccal permeation behavior of CGH. The percentage of CGH permeated was found to be highest in HPMC E5 solution and greater when the viscosity of test solutions was low. Using commercially obtained CGH-loaded buccal films, the films under higher hydration condition exhibited greater CGH permeation. This study demonstrates that CGH can be delivered via the human buccal tissue and viscosity of the solution significantly affects the CGH permeation. These findings are valuable for designing hydrophilic polymer-based buccal film formulations for peptides like CGH.

Face Matching and Retrieval in Forensics Applications

Jain, Anil K.,Klare, Brendan,Park, Unsang IEEE 2012 IEEE multimedia Vol.19 No.1

<P>This article surveys forensic face-recognition approaches and the challenges they face in improving matching and retrieval results as well as processing low-quality images.</P>

InAs/GaAs p-i-p quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors operating beyond 200 K

Park, M.S.,Jain, V.,Choi, W.J.,Pettersson, H.,Wang, Q.,Song, J.D.,Lee, E.H.,Kim, S.H. Institution of Electrical Engineers 2014 Electronics letters Vol.50 No.23

Replacement of hazard lubricants by green coolant in machining of Ti6Al4V: A 3D FEM approach

Ankit Jain,Sanu Kumar,Vivek Bajpai,Hyung Wook Park 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.6

Metalworking fluids (MWF’s) are frequently used for cooling and lubrication during machining processes in manufacturing industries. MWF’s such as soluble straight oils, synthetic oils, solid lubricants, bio lubricants contain a mix of water and mineral oil with some percentage of vegetable oils and petroleum. These MWF’s are hazardous for the environment and for human health. After using, the lubricants are disposed into the environment by burning or by dumping on the ground or in the sea water. Burning the lubricant creates pollution and airborne disease. To avoid these harmful effects of the lubricants sustainable machining technique is implemented in machining processes. In the present study, liquid nitrogen (green coolant) is used as a sustainable machining technique for cooling and lubrication. Finite element modeling is used to simulate the micro-end milling at different conditions of the workpiece (cryogenic plus preheated and cryogenic). The analysis of chip morphology and cutting forces measurement were done by applying these conditions. The predicted model is validated with the experimental results. It was observed that cryogenic with preheated workpiece (473 K) is the optimum condition with the application of green coolant. This study will clarify the behavior of cryogenic on the machining conditions and will solve the environmental problems.

Age-Invariant Face Recognition

Unsang Park,Yiying Tong,Jain, A.K. IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine Vol.32 No.5

<P>One of the challenges in automatic face recognition is to achieve temporal invariance. In other words, the goal is to come up with a representation and matching scheme that is robust to changes due to facial aging. Facial aging is a complex process that affects both the 3D shape of the face and its texture (e.g., wrinkles). These shape and texture changes degrade the performance of automatic face recognition systems. However, facial aging has not received substantial attention compared to other facial variations due to pose, lighting, and expression. We propose a 3D aging modeling technique and show how it can be used to compensate for the age variations to improve the face recognition performance. The aging modeling technique adapts view-invariant 3D face models to the given 2D face aging database. The proposed approach is evaluated on three different databases (i.g., FG-NET, MORPH, and BROWNS) using FaceVACS, a state-of-the-art commercial face recognition engine.</P>

Face Matching and Retrieval Using Soft Biometrics

Unsang Park,Jain, A K IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on information forensics and sec Vol.5 No.3

<P>Soft biometric traits embedded in a face (e.g., gender and facial marks) are ancillary information and are not fully distinctive by themselves in face-recognition tasks. However, this information can be explicitly combined with face matching score to improve the overall face-recognition accuracy. Moreover, in certain application domains, e.g., visual surveillance, where a face image is occluded or is captured in off-frontal pose, soft biometric traits can provide even more valuable information for face matching or retrieval. Facial marks can also be useful to differentiate identical twins whose global facial appearances are very similar. The similarities found from soft biometrics can also be useful as a source of evidence in courts of law because they are more descriptive than the numerical matching scores generated by a traditional face matcher. We propose to utilize demographic information (e.g., gender and ethnicity) and facial marks (e.g., scars, moles, and freckles) for improving face image matching and retrieval performance. An automatic facial mark detection method has been developed that uses (1) the active appearance model for locating primary facial features (e.g., eyes, nose, and mouth), (2) the Laplacian-of-Gaussian blob detection, and (3) morphological operators. Experimental results based on the FERET database (426 images of 213 subjects) and two mugshot databases from the forensic domain (1225 images of 671 subjects and 10 000 images of 10 000 subjects, respectively) show that the use of soft biometric traits is able to improve the face-recognition performance of a state-of-the-art commercial matcher.</P>

Periocular Biometrics in the Visible Spectrum

Unsang Park,Jillela, Raghavender Reddy,Ross, A,Jain, A K IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on information forensics and sec Vol.6 No.1

<P>The term periocular refers to the facial region in the immediate vicinity of the eye. Acquisition of the periocular biometric is expected to require less subject cooperation while permitting a larger depth of field compared to traditional ocular biometric traits (viz., iris, retina, and sclera). In this work, we study the feasibility of using the periocular region as a biometric trait. Global and local information are extracted from the periocular region using texture and point operators resulting in a feature set for representing and matching this region. A number of aspects are studied in this work, including the 1) effectiveness of incorporating the eyebrows, 2) use of side information (left or right) in matching, 3) manual versus automatic segmentation schemes, 4) local versus global feature extraction schemes, 5) fusion of face and periocular biometrics, 6) use of the periocular biometric in partially occluded face images, 7) effect of disguising the eyebrows, 8) effect of pose variation and occlusion, 9) effect of masking the iris and eye region, and 10) effect of template aging on matching performance. Experimental results show a rank-one recognition accuracy of 87.32% using 1136 probe and 1136 gallery periocular images taken from 568 different subjects (2 images/subject) in the Face Recognition Grand Challenge (version 2.0) database with the fusion of three different matchers.</P>