에릭 클라이넨버그의 사회적 인프라 개념으로 살펴본 공공 기반시설의 특성에 관한 연구

이재영 ( Lee¸ Jaeyoung ),조웅희 ( Cho¸ Woonghee ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7

(연구배경 및 목적) 급변하는 4차 산업혁명의 시대에 개인용 IT 기술의 획기적인 발전은 디지털 시대의 도래를 가속화하고 있으며 이는 사회 원자화 현상을 가속시키고 사회의 공동체 의식을 약화시키고 있다. 이에 사람들이 직접 얼굴을 맞대고 교류할 수 있는 물리적 환경에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 최근 건축의 본질적 가치를 찾으려는 노력으로 물리적 환경을 통해 사람들이 교류하는 방식을 변화시킴으로써 사회적 연대를 회복할 수 있다는 사회적 인프라에 대한 담론이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 에릭 클라이넨버그가 주창한 사회적 인프라의 개념을 바탕으로 공공 기반시설이 사회적 유대를 일으키는 물리적 환경으로 확장될 수 있는 가능성을 살펴보고자 한다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 문헌 조사를 바탕으로 공공 기반시설의 정의와 최근 동향을 알아보고 클라이넨버그의 사회적 인프라의 개념에 대해 고찰한다. 인프라 시설을 구축 유형 별로 단일 시설 신축, 기존 인프라의 사회적 인프라로의 재생 및 변환, 기존 인프라의 기능 확장, 통합적 인프라 구축의 네 가지 유형으로 분류하고, 또한 물리적 환경의 가치요소에 입각해 인프라 시설의 공간 특성을 접근성, 다양성, 정체성, 지속성으로 정리한다. 이러한 분류를 바탕으로 2010년 대 이후에 전 세계에서 건설되거나 진행되고 있는 기반시설 중 기능적 인프라의 범주를 넘어 사회적, 문화적, 도시적 측면에서 새로운 이정표를 제시한 사례들을 분석한다. (결과) 사례로 살펴본 덴마크 코펜하겐의 코펜힐, 네덜란드 로테르담의 워터스퀘어 벤템플레인, 미국 뉴욕의 빅 유 프로젝트는 모두 공공 기반시설이 본래의 기능적 역할을 수행하면서도 지역 주민들의 자연스러운 만남과 공동체 형성, 지역적 랜드마크로서 상징성 부여 등 사회적 인프라로서 작동하고 있거나 계획되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 각각의 프로젝트는 지역적 특성에서 기인한 당면과제에 대응하는 기반시설로 기능하는 동시에 기반시설의 사회적 인프라 잠재성에 주목하여 시설을 적극적으로 노출시키고 사회적 연대를 강화할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램을 설계 초기 단계에서부터 통합적으로 고려하였다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. (결론) 이 같은 결과는 종래에 도시 생산 소비 시스템의 일부로서 기능적 면으로만 평가되었던 공공 기반시설이 사회 구성원의 공동체 의식 함양과 지역 정체성의 확립에 물리적인 토대를 마련하는 사회적 인프라로 의미가 확장될 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. 이것은 향후 기반시설의 유지, 보수와 확충에 있어서 새로운 패러다임을 제시하여 시사하는 바가 크다고 하겠다. (Background and Purpose) In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the evolution of personal information technology is accelerating the advent of the digital age, which contributes to the social atomization phenomenon and the loss of a sense of community. Accordingly, the necessity of providing meaningful physical places where people can interact with each other face to face has become crucial. Along with efforts to seek the intrinsic value of architecture, there is an active discourse on the concept of social infrastructure as a way to restore social solidarity by promoting people's interactions through the physical environment. In this study, based on the social infrastructure concept advocated by sociologist Eric Kleinenberg, the possibility of expanding public infrastructure to become a physical environment that promotes social bonds is examined. (Method) This study examines the developments in public infrastructure and the definition of Kleinenberg's social infrastructure based on a literature review. This study suggested four classifications based on how social infrastructure could be established; establishment of a standalone facility; regeneration or conversion of existing hard infrastructure; program extension of existing infrastructure; and the integrated development of social infrastructure. Based on the value of the physical environment, the spatial characteristics of public infrastructure facilities are organized into accessibility, diversity, identity, and sustainability. Based on this classification, public infrastructure facility cases are selected and analyzed; in turn, they present new social, cultural, and urban aspects beyond the functionality of infrastructure that has been built or is in the process of being built around the world since the 2010s. (Results) The cases of CopenHill (in Copenhagen, Denmark), Watersquare Benthemplein (Rotterdam, Netherlands), and BIG U project (New York, USA) are all intended to be social infrastructure in that they provide natural meeting places for residents, form local communities, and create symbolic landmarks, while fulfilling their roles as public infrastructure. While each case presents unique solutions to different challenges depending on the specific regional and climatic conditions, they all redefine the notion of infrastructure by exposing the facilities to the public and integrating various programs, which can strengthen social solidarity at the initial stages of infrastructure design. It was found that there had been meaningful investments into social infrastructure in all these cases. (Conclusions) The analysis presents the potential value of public infrastructure, which has thus far only been evaluated based on functional aspects; this ought to be expanded to social infrastructure, which lays the physical foundation for cultivating a sense of community among members and establishing a local identity. This suggests a new paradigm for public infrastructure facilities in terms of maintenance, repair, reuse, and new constructions in the future.

How IDIS Survived after Internationalization?

Jaeyoung Cho(조재영),Jangwoo Lee(이장우) 한국경영학회 2018 Korea Business Review Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 우리나라 대표 국제신생벤처기업(International New Venture: INV)인 아이디스를 대상으로 국제화 이후 지속적인 생존을 결정하는 요인을 조사하였다. 아이디스는 감시 및 범죄 예방 목적으로 설치된 보안용 영상감시 시스템에서 녹화되는 영상을 저장하는 Digital Video Recording(DVR) 전문 회사로 세계시장에서 인정받고 있는 국제신생벤처기업이다. 본 사례는 아이디스가 해외시장에 성공적으로 진출하여 성장하는 과정을 동적역량 관점을 중심으로 살펴봄으로써, 어떻게 생존해왔는지를 설명하고 이에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 분석결과, 기업가 지향성과 네트워크 강화(감지 역량), 전문화된 제품 개발과 틈새시장 발견(포착 역량)과 변혁과 재생 능력(재구성 역량)들이 국제신생벤처기업의 국제화 이후 지속적인 생존에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견하였다. 더 나아가, 아이디스 사례분석을 통하여 이러한 동적역량을 발전시키고 강화시키는데 있어서 최고경영자 팀의 국제화 경험과 안정적인 리더십이 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 발견하였다. This study examines the factors that affect the post-internationalization survival of an emerging economy international new venture (INV). It analyzes, in-depth, a case study on a Korean security INV named IDIS that designs, develops, and manufactures surveillance solutions for a range of public and commercial sector markets. It clearly shows the way entrepreneurs have actively engaged in international expansions for survival. By applying a dynamic capabilities perspective, we reveal the most crucial capabilities that improved the emerging economy INV’s survival prospects after internationalization. These capabilities are founders’ entrepreneurial orientations and network development (sensing), niche market development and specialized product focus (seizing), and the capabilities of transformation and renewal (reconfiguration). More importantly, the findings from the IDIS case study indicate that stable leadership and the leadership teams’ international experiences drive the development and enhancement of dynamic capabilities.

Snoring during Bronchoscopy with Moderate Sedation Is a Predictor of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Cho, Jaeyoung,Choi, Sun Mi,Park, Young Sik,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Min,Lee, Jinwoo The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2019 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.82 No.4

Background: Snoring is the cardinal symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Snoring and upper airway obstruction associated with major oxygen desaturation may occur in populations undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Methods: To evaluate the prevalence of patients at a high risk of having OSA among patients undergoing bronchoscopy with sedation and to investigate whether snoring during the procedure predicts patients who are at risk of OSA, we prospectively enrolled 517 consecutive patients who underwent the procedure with moderate sedation. Patients exhibiting audible snoring for any duration during the procedure were considered snorers. The STOP-Bang (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure-Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference and Gender) questionnaire was used to identify patients at high (score ${\geq}3$ out of 8) or low risk (score <3) of OSA. Results: Of the 517 patients, 165 (31.9%) snored during bronchoscopy under sedation. The prevalence of a STOP-Bang score ${\geq}3$ was 61.9% (320/517), whereas 200 of the 352 nonsnorers (56.8%) and 120 of the 165 snorers (72.7%) had a STOP-Bang score ${\geq}3$ (p=0.001). In multivariable analysis, snoring during bronchoscopy was significantly associated with a STOP-Bang score ${\geq}3$ after adjustment for the presence of diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.89; p=0.002). Conclusion: Two-thirds of patients undergoing bronchoscopy with moderate sedation were at risk of OSA based on the screening questionnaire. Snoring during bronchoscopy was highly predictive of patients at high risk of OSA.

Curcumin Attenuates Glial Cell Activation But Cannot Suppress Hippocampal CA3 Neuronal Cell Death in i.c.v. Kanic Acid Injection Model

Jaeyoung Cho,Pil-Jae Kong,Wanjoo Chun,Yeo-Ok Moon,Yee-Tae Park,So-Young Lim,Sung-Soo Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.4

Kainic acid (KA) is a structural analogue of glutamate that interacts with specific presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors to potentiate the release and excitatory actions of glutamate. Systemic or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of KA to experimental animals elicits multifocal seizures with a predominantly limbic localization, and results in neuronal death of cornu ammonia 1 (CA1), reactive gliosis and biochemical changes in the hippocampus and other limbic structures. Several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of excitotoxic death by KA. Curcumin has been known to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the effects of curcumin on KA induced hippocampal cell death, reactive gliosis and biochemical changes in reactive glia were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. Our data demonstrated that curcumin attenuated KA-induced astroglial and microglial activation although it did not protect KA-induced hippocampal cell death.

Understanding the effect of external-EGR on anti-knock characteristics of various ethanol reference fuel with RON 100 by using rapid compression machine

Cho, Jaeyoung,Song, Han Ho Elsevier 2017 Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol.36 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the effect of external-exhaust-gas-recirculation (EGR) on anti-knock characteristics of ethanol reference fuels (ERFs) with research octane number (RON) 100 was analyzed by measuring the ignition delay of the simulated end gas from a representative spark ignition (SI) engine operation, i.e. ASTM RON test condition. An in-house SI engine model was used to derive temperature and pressure profiles of the end gas with and without external-EGR for various ERFs, and then the ignition delay was measured by using a rapid compression machine along the derived temperature-pressure paths. The effect of external-EGR on the ignition delay of the simulated end gas was divided into two effects affecting the auto-ignition behavior: composition effect and temperature effect, then each effect was evaluated separately. As a result, the composition effect by adding external-EGR was maximized when the fuel is ERF10. With a regression analysis, it was found that there is the correlation between the amount of composition effect and the amount of pre-heat release in the end gas during a flame propagation; therefore, it is understood that ERF10 shows the most sensitive composition effect due to its pre-heat release characteristic. On the other hand, ERF with higher ethanol content was more sensitive to temperature effect by external-EGR on the ignition delay. It is found out that the amount of temperature effect depends mainly on latent heat of fuel; therefore, high latent heat of ethanol in ERF leads to its being influenced more by temperature effect. Consequently, ERF10 has the highest external-EGR sensitivity in anti-knock behavior at RON test condition, and it is further discussed that the optimum ERF for external-EGR strategy could vary from ERF0 to ERF10 according to different engine operating conditions.</P>

Internationalization and performance of Korean SMEs: the moderating role of competitive strategy

Cho, Jaeyoung,Lee, Jangwoo Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2018 ASIAN BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Vol.17 No.2

Internationalization, Ownership Structure, and Performance

Jaeyoung Cho,Jangwoo Lee 한국경영학회 2016 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.8

This study explores the impact of the degree of internationalization (DOI) on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the moderating impact of family ownership, foreign ownership, and domestic institutional ownership. An analysis of data from 232 Korean manufacturing SMEs during 2003–2013 reveals a U-shaped curvilinear relationship between DOI and performance. In addition, that link varies by owner type. Family ownership, foreign ownership, and domestic institutional ownership positively moderate the link between DOI and performance. However, both foreign ownership and domestic institutional ownership negatively moderate the joint impact of DOI and family ownership on performance. These findings indicate that distinguishing among dissimilar owner types is instrumental to improving our understanding of the nature of the DOI–performance relationship.

Snoring during Bronchoscopy with Moderate Sedation Is a Predictor of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

( Jaeyoung Cho ),( Sun Mi Choi ),( Young Sik Park ),( Chang-hoon Lee ),( Sang-min Lee ),( Jinwoo Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.82 No.4

Background: Snoring is the cardinal symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Snoring and upper airway obstruction associated with major oxygen desaturation may occur in populations undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Methods: To evaluate the prevalence of patients at a high risk of having OSA among patients undergoing bronchoscopy with sedation and to investigate whether snoring during the procedure predicts patients who are at risk of OSA, we prospectively enrolled 517 consecutive patients who underwent the procedure with moderate sedation. Patients exhibiting audible snoring for any duration during the procedure were considered snorers. The STOP-Bang (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure-Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference and Gender) questionnaire was used to identify patients at high (score ≥3 out of 8) or low risk (score <3) of OSA. Results: Of the 517 patients, 165 (31.9%) snored during bronchoscopy under sedation. The prevalence of a STOP-Bang score ≥3 was 61.9% (320/517), whereas 200 of the 352 nonsnorers (56.8%) and 120 of the 165 snorers (72.7%) had a STOP-Bang score ≥3 (p=0.001). In multivariable analysis, snoring during bronchoscopy was significantly associated with a STOP-Bang score ≥3 after adjustment for the presence of diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.89; p=0.002). Conclusion: Two-thirds of patients undergoing bronchoscopy with moderate sedation were at risk of OSA based on the screening questionnaire. Snoring during bronchoscopy was highly predictive of patients at high risk of OSA.

F-130 Treatment outcome of eosinophilic airway inflammation including non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis

( Jaeyoung Cho ),( Sun Mi Choi ),( Jinwoo Lee ),( Young Sik Park ),( Sang-min Lee ),( Jae-joon Yim ),( Chul-gyu Yoo ),( Young Whan Kim ),( Sung Koo Han ),( Chang-hoon Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2016 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.121 No.-

Background: The aim of this study is to elucidate the treatment outcome of eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with chronic airway diseases including non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB). Methods: Patients with sputum eosinophilia confirmed between 2012 and 2015 in Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. We evaluated the prognosis and predictors of acute exacerbation in NAEB patients and investigated predictors of the improvement of eosinophilic inflammation in chronic airway diseases such as NAEB, asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Results: In total, 398 patients with sputum eosinophilia were enrolled. Of these patients, 152 (38.2%) with NAEB were identified. Among them, 10 (6.6%) experienced exacerbations requiring treatment of antibiotics or systemic steroids. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) therapy did not affect the risk of exacerbation even in the analysis with propensity score (P = 0.942). Of 176 patients with chronic airway diseases 37 (21.0%) showed improvement of sputum eosinophilia at 1 year follow-up. Patients who had persistent airflow limitation and received ICS therapy for less than 75% of follow-up days were less likely to be improved in eosinophilic inflammation (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.77). Conclusions: About 6% of NAEB patients experienced exacerbations. Majority of patients with chronic airway diseases, especially COPD/ACOS patients, if they were not sufficiently treated with ICS, were less likely to achieve the improvement of eosinophilic inflammation.

P-86 Long-Term Follow-up of Small Pulmonary Ground-Glass Nodules Stable for 3 Years: Implications of the Proper Follow-up Period and Risk Factors for Subsequent Growth

( Jaeyoung Cho ),( Eun Sun Kim ),( Se Joong Kim ),( Yeon Joo Lee ),( Jong Sun Park ),( Young-jae Cho ),( Ho Il Yoon ),( Jae Ho Lee ),( Choon-taek Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2016 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.121 No.-

Introduction: How long persistent and stable ground-glass nodules (GGNs) should be followed is uncertain, although a minimum of 3 years is suggested. We evaluated a group of GGNs that had remained stable for an initial period of 3 years with the aim of determining the proportion of GGNs showing subsequent growth after the initial 3 years and identifying the clinical and radiologic factors associated with subsequent growth. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent further computed tomography (CT) after the initial 3-year follow-up period showing a persistent and stable GGN (at least 5 years of follow-up from the initial CT). Results: Between May 2003 and June 2015, 453 GGNs (438 pure GGNs and 15 part-solid GGNs) were found in 218 patients. Of the 218 patients, 14 had 15 GGNs showing subsequent growth after the initial 3 years during the median follow-up period of 6.4 years. For the person-based analysis, the frequency of subsequent growth of GGNs that had been stable during the initial 3 years was 6.7% (14 of 218). For the nodule-based analysis, the frequency was 3.3% (15 of 453). In a multivariate analysis, age 65 years or older (OR = 5.51, p = 0.012), history of lung cancer (OR = 6.44, p = 0.006), initial size 8 mm or larger (OR = 5.74, p = 0.008), presence of a solid component (OR = 16.58, p = 0.009), and air bronchogram (OR = 5.83, p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for subsequent GGN growth. Conclusions: For the individuals with GGNs having the aforementioned risk factors, the longer follow-up period is required to confirm subsequent GGN growth. 상기 초록은 J Thorac Oncol. 2016 Sep;11(9):1453-9에 출판된 논문의 초록임.