야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

한국어판 Composite International Dianostic Interview(K-CIDI)의 개발

조맹제,함봉진,서동우,홍진표,배재남,김장규,이동우,조성진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 국제적인 정신장애 진단도구인 Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI)를 한국의 사회문화적 상황에 적합하게 번역하고 신뢰도 및 타당도를 평가하여 한국어판으로 개발하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : CIDI는 정신장애를 평가하고 진단할 수 있는 포괄적이고, 완전히 표준화된 진단도구로 훈련받은 일반인들이 적용할 수 있기 때문에 대규모 역학조사에 적합하다. 세계보건기구에서 제공하는 CIDI 번역 지침에 따라 한국어판 CIDI(K-CIDI)를 제작하였다. 영어권과 한국의 언어 및 사회문화적 차이를 고려하여 번역 및 개정을 하였고 역번역을 통하여 원본의 의미와 일치하는지를 확인하였다. 임상환자를 135명과 일반인 5명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도 검사를 실시하였다. 두 명의 평가자가 K-CIDI를 이용하여 동일한 대상자를 동시에 면담하고 일주일 뒤에 재검사를 실시하였다. K-CIDI로 검사를 받은 대상자들을 정신과 전공의와 임상심리사가 한국어판 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ를 이용하여 진단을 내렸다. 두 가지 진단의 일치도에 대한 kappa값을 산출하였다. 결 과 : CIDI의 번역에서 한국어 표현이 복잡하고 긴 문항은 두 개의 문장으로 분리하였고, 성과 관련된 표현과 의료체계 및 의료추구행태에서 사회문화적 차이를 반영하였다. 공포장애의 대상과 알코올 및 물질의 종류도 한국의 실정에 맞게 조정하였다. 현장 검사와 역번역 과정에서 K-CIDI가 적절하게 제작된 것으로 평가되었다. K-CIDI의 평가자간 신뢰도 검사는 140명에 대하여 이루어졌고 kappa값은 진단에 따라 0.86∼1.00범위였다. 검사/재검사 신뢰도 검사는 47명에 대해 이루어졌고 kappa값은 진단에 따라 0.42∼0.89였다. K-CIDI의 타당도 검사는 50명에 대해 이루어졌고 kappa값이 진단에 따라 0.50∼1.00의 범위였다. 결 론 : K-CIDI는 한국의 사회 문화적 배경에 적합하게 제작되었고 신뢰도 및 타당도 검사에서 역학연구에 적절한 진단도구로 평가되었다. Objectives : This study aims to develop a Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview(K-CIDI). Methods : The Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI) is a comprehensive, fully standardized interview that can be used to assess psychiatric disorders and provide diagnoses. The K-CIDI was developed according to the guidelines provided by the WHO. The reliability and validity of the K-CIDI was evaluated by examining 135 psychiatric patients and five community residents. Subjects were jointly interviewed twice with a one-week interval. A psychiatric resident and clinical psychologist jointly determined clinical diagnoses using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ. Results : Notable modifications were done on sex-related expression, health system and help seeking behavior, subjects for phobic disorder, and kinds of alcohol and substance. Long and complex questions were divided into two or more questions. Field test and back-translation of the K-CIDI confirmed the appropriateness of the translation of the CIDI. The inter-rater reliability, test/retest reliability, and validity of the K-CIDI indicated kappa values ranging from 0.86-1.00, 0.42-0.89, and 0.50-1.00, respectively. Conclusion : The K-CIDI was deemed to be appropriate for the sociocultural background of Koreans. The reliability and validity of the K-CIDI were judged to be exceptionally acceptable.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

정신보건관련시설 입원(소)자의 주요 정신장애 유병률 : 전국 20개 시설의 입원(소)자를 대상으로

조성진,조맹제,서동우,함봉진,홍진표,배재남,이준영,이동우,박종익,전홍진,김성주,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.6

Objectives : One of the objectives of this study is to estimate the prevalence rates of psychiatric diagnoses in the combined populations of psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric nursing facilities and homeless asylums using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), which is a comprehensive and fully standardized interview schedule to assess psychiatric disorders for diagnosis. The Other objective is to compare with previously studied prevalence rates of Psy-chiatric diagnoses using the results of this study. Methods : The study subjects, aged from 181o 64 years, were randomly selected from 64,582 institutionalized population of psychiatric hospitals, Psychiatric nursing facilities and homeless asylums as of 30, June, 2001. Twelve trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents. A total of 1,875 respondents (male 1,194, female 681) completed the interview. Results : The lifetime and one year prevalences of any diagnosis excluding nicotine dependence · withdrawal, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, somatoform disorder were 88.2% (male 88.1%, female 88.3%), and 65.8% (male 62.7%, female 73.7%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were 78.5% (male 75.3%, female 83.7%), and 56.8% (male 51.9%, female 64.8%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of alcohol use disorder (dependence/abuse) were 26.7% (male 37.9%, female 8.3%), and 8.7% (male 12.8%, female 2.1%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of mood disorder were 18.1% (male 13.5%, female 25.8%), and 10.4% (male 7.2%,female 16.9%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were comparable with the 2001 community survey by 1.19% to 1.32%, and 0.51% to 0.61%, respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia were also comparable by 0.16% to 0.28%, and 0.16% to 0.25%, respectively. There were no significant changes of prevalence rates when correction were applied to other psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion : The results of this study could be used for evaluating the distribution of psychiatric diagnoses in mental health related facilities and for planning mental health policies.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

한국어 판 구조화 임상면담도구 개발 : 신뢰도 연구

한오수,안준호,송선희,조맹제,김장규,배재남,조성진,정범수,서동우,함봉진,이동우,박종익,홍진표 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 정신장애의 정확한 진단과 평가는 임상에서뿐만 아니라 신뢰성 있는 연구를 위해서도 매우 중요하다. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV(SCID)는 임상전문가들이 사용하는 진단도구로서, 비교적 짧은 시간에 정확한 진단을 내릴 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국어판SCID를 개발하고 그 신뢰도를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법: 국문학자가 포함된 번역위원회를 통하여 연구용판 SCID를 번역한 후, 정신과 의사 2인과 임상심리학자 1인에게 한국어판SCID 실시방법을 교육시킨 뒤 한국어판SCID를 이용한 면담의 평가자간 신뢰도 (interrater reliability)를 검증하였다. 면담 대상은 1999년 2월에서 3월까지 2개 병원 정신과에 치료중인 환자 90명(남:41명, 여:29명)이었다. 결과: 현재 장애(current disorder) 평가에서 주요 우울장애, 기분부전장애, 정신분열병, 알코올 남용 및 의존, 기타 물질 남용 또는 의존, 여러 불안장애들 및 섭식장애 등과 같은 대부분 장애의 kappa값은 .70이상으로 매우 높았다. 그 이외의 양극성 장애, 망상장애, 광장공포증, 감별 불능 신체화 장애 및 건강염려증의 kappa값도 .69에서 .40사이로 수용할 수 있는 정도였다. 평생 장애(lifetime disorder)에서는 양극성 장애(k=.69)와 감별 불능 신체화장애(k=.59)를 제외한 다른 모든 장애의 kappa값이 .70이상이었다. K-SCID 면담시 Ⅰ축 질환에 대하여 흔하게 다중 진단이 내려졌으며, 평균 진단 수는 1.5∼1.7개로 나타났다. 결론: 한국어판 SCID는 신뢰도가 높은 진단도구로 생각되며, 향후 정신질환의 정확한 진단과 임상연구에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. Objectives: Accurate diagnosis and assessment for psychiatric disorders is crucial for research, as well as for clinical practice. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ(SCID-RV) is a less time-consumimg and more accurate structured diagnostic interview form. It can be used by clinical professions and is known for a reliable diagnostic tool. Present study was conducted to develop Korean version of SCID-RV and to test the inter-rater reliability. Methods: The authors have translated original SCID-RV into Korean, and revised in parallel with sociocultural background of Korea. Ninety patients from two psychiatric hospitals, both outpatient and inpatient, were interviewed and rated independently by three raters. Results: The kappa coefficients for most of illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, dysthymia, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependency, anxiety disorder and eating disorder were excellent(>0.70) in the evaluation of current disorders. And the kappa coefficients for bipolar disorder, delusional disorder, agoraphobia, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, and hypochondriasis were acceptable(>0.40) in the evaluation of current disorders. In the evalua-tion of lifetime disorders, the concordant rates of all the diagnoses except bipolar disorder and undifferentiated somatoform disorder were excellent. Lack of hierarchy in DSM-Ⅳ allows for multiple Axis I diagnoses. Mean numbers of Axis I diagnoses per subject assigned by the three raters were 1.5-1.7. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that SCID-RV yields highly reliable diagnoses. SCID-RV is recommended for accurate diagnosis in clinical practice and research on psychiatric disorders.

압력비에 따른 2차원 초음속 터빈의 유동특성에 대한 실험적 연구

조종재,김귀순,김진한,이은석 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구에서는 초음속 충동형 터빈의 유동특성을 알아보기 위해 소형 초음속 풍동을 설계 하였으며 Single pass Schlieren system을 이용하여 유통을 가시화하였다. 실험은 2차원 초음속 노즐과 익렬을 조합하여 압력비에 따라 실시하였다. 실험을 통해 충격파를 포함한 복잡한 유동 형태와 노즐-익렬, 충격파-경계층 상호작용 등을 관찰할 수 있었다. In this paper, a small supersonic wind tunnel is designed and built to study the flow characteristics of a supersonic impulse turbine. The flow is visualized by means of a single pass Schlieren system. The supersonic cascade with 2-dimensional supersonic nozzle was tested over a wide range of pressure ratio. Highly complicated flow patterns including shocks, nozzle-cascade interaction and shock boundary layer interactions are observed.

최근 5년간 급성 A형 간염으로 입원한 환자들에 대한 입원 내용 분석

장재영,유병욱,조용진,오정은,홍성호,조주연 순천향대학교 의학연구소 2009 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.15 No.1

Abstract Background : Due to improvements in Korea's sanitary conditions, antibody rates to the hepatitis A virus is decreasing rapidly and admission due to the disease is increasing, Patients who were admitted for hepatitis A during the last 5 years were selected and yearly differences in admission, clinical picture, medical fees, and differences according to age and gender were analyzed. Methods : Patients who were admitted to the Seoul Soonchunhyang University Hospital during the 5 year period between May of 2003 and April of 2008 and tested positive for IgM anti-HAV were selected and their medical records retrospectively analyzed. Results : 156 subjects [91 male (58%), 65 female (42%) were selected. The average age was 29.2 years (range; 21.4-37), average admission period 12.6 days (range; 12.5-1 7.7) days, and average medical fees 2,295,151 (range; 932,097-3,658,205) KRW(Korean Won), Yearly incidence rates were as follows : 10 for May, 2003 to April, 2004, 14 for May, 2004 to April, 2005, 23 for May, 2005 to April, 2006, 69 for May, 2006 to April, 2007, and 41 for May, 2007 to April, 2008, The maximum value median of AST, ALT, and bilirubin during admission was 989 IU/L, 1999 IU/L, and 5.6 mg/dL each, Each factors were all positively correlated with the patient's age. Conclusions : Recent decrease in antibody positivity of the hepatitis A virus and subsequent surge of acute hepatitis A is a cause of rising socioeconomic costs. A large scale epidemiologic research on whether HAV vaccination should be made mandatory and health insurance applied seems to be needed. Key words : Hepatitis A, Age, Medical fees, Vaccination

실험적으로 유발한 가토의 급성 상악동염에서 sialoglycoconjugates의 표현양상

조진학,황순재 고려대학교 의과대학 1996 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.33 No.1

The present study was carried out in order to observe the changes in the expression of the sialoglycoconjugates of the rabbit sinus mucosa in the acute maxillary sinusitis model utilizing a biotin labeled lectins for light microscopy and lectin-gold complexes for eletron microscopy with three different lectins; Maackia amurensis (MAA), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Sambucus nigra (SNA). A comparison of the affinity of these lectins demonstrated the different distribution of sialoglycoconjugates in the ciliary layer and goblet cells. The normal sinus mucosa stained with three types of lectins showed that the sialoglycoconjugates were mainly distributed in the ciliary layer and goblet cells, and that their ultrastructural localization was restricted to the surface of the cilia, microvilli and secretory granules. Moreover, the main sugar residues of the sialoglycoconjugates were found to be consisted of Neu5Ac( 2,3)Gal, GlcNAc and Neu5Ac. Influenza A virus infection decreased the staining intensity of the mucosa with MAA, but not with WGA. In sinus mucosa infected with S. pneumoniae 7 days after Influenza A virus inoculation, however, these findings reverted to the staining intensity shown in the normal sinus mucosa. In addition, there was a hypersecretory activity of the hyperplastic and hypertrophic goblet cells which showed the intense reactivity with MAA and WGA. All of these changes in the staining intensity were also confirmed by the electron microscopic lectin-gold complexes. These results suggest that Neu5Ac(a2,3)Gal sugar residues may be required as protecting factor or modulator for Influenza A virus and s. pnumoinae infectivity.

Greedy 알고리즘을 이용한 라이브러리 맵핑에 관한 연구

조남경,김재진,음호식 공주영상정보대학 1999 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 논문은 원천 컴포넌트의 기능보다 목표 컴포넌트의 기능이 적을 경우 목표 컴포넌트로 동일한 기능을 수행하는 Greedy 알고리즘을 제안하였다. Greedy 알고리즘은 각 컴포넌트의 함수를 비교하여 목표 컴포넌트에 부족한 기능을 수행할 수 있는 잉여 로직을 추가하여 맵핑하는 알고리즘이다. 예제로 선정한 원천 ALU는 3개의 산술기능을 갖고있고 목표 ALU는 2개의 산술기능을 갖고 있는 컴포넌트이다. 본 논문의 Greedy 알고리즘을 이용하여 동일한 기능을 수행하기 위하여 맵핑된 결과 2×1 MUX 1개와 인버터 1개가 추가되어 동일한 기능을 수행하였다. 따라서 실제의 시스템을 구현할 때 CAD 물상에서 라이브러리가 제공되지 않을 경우, 본 논문에서 제안한 HLLM 기술을 이용하여 기본적으로 제공되는 라이브러리를 이용하여 동일한 기능을 수행할 수 있었다.