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Additive Manufacturing of Locally Weakened Parts to Obtain a Designed Fracture
Manuela Galati,Silvio Defanti 대한금속·재료학회 2024 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.30 No.2
Today, the additive manufacturing (AM) approach has led to profound changes in part and process design, enabling previouslyimpossible material properties. With the freedom to create the material as components are built layer by layer, AMhas permitted precise spatial control of the material properties in manufactured parts. In this work, an original approach isproposed to locally control component and process design and create intentionally weakened regions with designed fracture,which paves the way to tuneable mechanical properties. Tensile tests of specimens with embedded weakened area of variousgeometries are used to verify the feasibility of a-priori-designed fracture modes and to characterise the variation in materialbehaviour. The results show that an ad hoc design of the artificially weakened areas is effective for predictable breakage,with load and strain being the precursor for active control of the mechanical behaviour. The attainability of a quantitativerelationship between the defect and the mechanical response is exemplified by the fact that, e.g. for a flat geometry, themaximum stress and strain are reduced by half when the thickness of the weak region is doubled.
Giuseppe Del Guercio,Manuela Galati,Abdollah Saboori 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.1
Additive manufacturing processes allow producing complex geometries which include structures with enhanced mechanicalperformance and biomimetic properties. Among these structures, the interests on the use of lattice are increasing forboth medical and mechanical applications. The mechanical behaviour of the structure is closely correlated to its shape anddimension. However, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to this aspect. Hence, this work aims to explore theeffect of geometry, dimension and relative density of the cell structure on the compressive strength of specimens with latticestructures. For this purpose, various Lattice structures are designed with different geometries and dimensions. This approachleads to having structures with different relativity densities. Replicas of the designed structure are produced using Ti–6Al–4Vpowder processed by electron beam melting process. The samples are tested under compression. A new approach to calculatethe absorbed energy up to failure by the lattice structure is presented. The results show a close relationship between themechanical performance of the structure and the investigated parameters. In contrast with the current literature, the presentedexperimental data and a collection of the literature data highlight that the lattice structures with similar relative density donot exhibit the same Young’s modulus values.
Quintero, Russ,Wei, Jun,Galati, Nestore,Nanni, Antonio Korea Concrete Institute 2007 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.1 No.1
The purpose of this paper is the assessment of the capacity of the reinforced concrete (RC) elements of an arch bridge when they are subjected to contact and near-contact explosive charges of various amounts, and the estimation of the critical charges for these components. The bridge considered is the Tenza Viaduct, a decommissioned structure south of Naples, Italy. Its primary elements, deck, piers and arches were analyzed. The evaluation was accomplished via numerical analyses that made possible to obtain the elements dynamic response when they are exposed to blast loading conditions. To evaluate the member's capacities, failure criteria for deck, piers and arches were proposed based on concrete damage parameters. Additionally, curves relating the explosive charge to the residual capacity and to damage level of the elements were also developed. The results of this work were taken into account to investigate the progressive collapse of the global structure.
Gabriele Valli,Elisabetta Galati,Francesca De Marco,Chiara Bucci,Paolo Fratini,Elisa Cennamo,Carlo Ancona,Nicola Volpe,Maria Pia Ruggieri 대한응급의학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.8 No.4
Objective Given that there are no studies on diseases that occur by waiting for hospitalization, we aimed to evaluate the main causes of death in the emergency room (ER) and their relationship with overcrowding. Methods Patients who died in the ER in the past 2 years (pediatrics and trauma victims excluded) were divided into two groups: patients who died within 6 hours of arrival (emergency department [ED] group) and patients who died later (LD group). We compared the causes of death, total vital signs, diagnostic tests performed, and therapy between the groups. We assessed for possible correlation between the number of monthly deaths per group and four variables of overcrowding: number of patients treated per month, waiting time before medical visit (W-Time), mean intervention time (I-Time), and number of patients admitted to the ward per month (NPA). Results During the two years, 175 patients had died in our ER (52% in ED group and 48% in LD group). The total time spent in the ER was, respectively, 2.9±0.2 hours for ED group and 17.9± 1.5 hours for LD group. The more frequent cause of death was cardiovascular syndrome (30%) in ED group and sepsis (27%) and acute respiratory failure (27%) in LD group. Positive correlations between number of monthly deaths and W-Time (R2 0.51, P< 0.0001), and NPA (R2 0.37, P
Wei, Jun,Quintero, Russ,Galati, Nestore,Nanni, Antonio Korea Concrete Institute 2007 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.1 No.1
A dynamic constitutive damage model for reinforced concrete (RC) structures and formulations of blast loading for contact or near-contact charges are considered and adapted from literatures. The model and the formulations are applied to the input parameters needed in commercial finite element method (FEM) codes which is validated by the laboratory blast tests of RC slabs from literature. The results indicate that the dynamic constitutive damage model based on the damage mechanics and the blast loading formulations work well. The framework on the dynamic constitutive damage model and the blast loading equations can therefore be used for the simulation of failure of bridge components in engineering applications.
Immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: new scenarios on the horizon
Chiara Di Tucci,Carmela Capone,Giulia Galati,Valentina Iacobelli,Michele C Schiavi,Violante Di Donato,Ludovico Muzii,Pierluigi Benedetti Panici 대한부인종양학회 2019 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.30 No.3
This extensive review summarizes clinical evidence on immunotherapy and targeted therapy currently available for endometrial cancer (EC) and reports the results of the clinical trials and ongoing studies. The research was carried out collecting preclinical and clinical findings using keywords such as immune environment, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and others' on PubMed. Finally, we looked for the ongoing immunotherapy trials on ClinicalTrials.gov. EC is the fourth most common malignancy in women in developed countries. Despite medical and surgical treatments, survival has not improved in the last decade and death rates have increased for uterine cancer in women. Therefore, identification of clinically significant prognostic risk factors and formulation of new rational therapeutic regimens have great significance for enhancing the survival rate and improving the outcome in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. The identification of genetic alterations, including somatic mutations and microsatellite instability, and the definition of intracellular signaling pathways alterations that have a major role in in tumorigenesis is leading to the development of new therapeutic options for immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
Discussion on critical points for a tailored therapy to cure hepatitis C virus infection
Nadia Marascio,Angela Quirino,Giorgio Settimo Barreca,Luisa Galati,Chiara Costa,Vincenzo Pisani,Maria Mazzitelli,Giovanni Matera,Maria Carla Liberto,Alfredo Focà,Carlo Torti 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.1
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects around 71 million people worldwide and in 2018 it is still a major health problem. Since 2011, anti-HCV therapy with availability of direct-acting antiviral drugs has revolutionized the clinical response and paved the way to eradication strategies. However, despite the high rate of sustained virological response, treatment failure may occur in a limited percentage of patients, possibly due to resistance-associated substitutions (RASs), either emergent or pre-existent even in minority viral populations. Clearly this problem may impair success of eradication strategies. With this background, several questions marks still exist around HCV treatment, including whether pan-genotypic treatments with complete effectiveness in any clinical conditions really exist outside clinical trials, the actual cost-effectiveness of genotyping testing, and utility of RAS detection in viral quasispecies by next generation sequencing approach. In this review, we describe these critical points by discussing recent literature data and our research experience.