일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

中等學校 家政科 實驗學習 敎員ㆍ設備基準의 適正性에 關한 硏究

강혜숙,윤인경 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1993 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.5 No.-

Because of the specificity of subjects belong to middle school curriculum of Home Economics Education of function training is very important. But it pointed out that the existing standards are out-dated, and because of it, it incongruent to our realities. Therefore, whenever the curriculum of education and the national textbook are reorgrnized periodically, the reform of standards of educational materials & facilities must be followed by it. But in my opinion, in korean middle school, especially in Home Economics Education, educational facilities are not reformed at a proper time. Therefore, to enhance the qualities of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education, in the first place, the preparation for the given conditions of standards of educational materials & facilities are needed. But the educational facilities of Home Economics Education have many problems not only in the qualitative aspect but also in the quantitative aspect. And in addtion to it, lots of educational facilities which cannot match contents of national textbook of Home Economics Education are exist. Therefore, this thesis aims at examining comprehensively the problem of experimentation/practice of experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education, connect with contents of Home Economics Education, holding several problems of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education in middle school, grouping ; the principles and ways concerning the innovation of experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education by which many teachers and students make sure of more efficient teaching/studying, and obtaining basic data which guarantee the ability of innovation concerning problems of the education of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education. Methods are : 1) grasp our educational realities with my original(question). 2) integrate/analyse results of 1) 3) check the frequency, percentage with methods of X?-test, T-test, and 'One-way Analysis of Variances'. 4) suggest my own alternative proposal. Conclusions are : 1) To the problems concerning the plan, method, frequency, choice of contents, budget, and experimental materials & facilties of experimentation/practice, any meaningful difference are not revealed likewise, but, these problems can affect to teachers' guidance of practical examination, therefore it needs to give a indirect financial, and administration aids to teachers/schools from the government. 2) Contents of experimentation/practice are subjected to contents of textbook. In this reason, educational facilities are suitable to contents of textbook for the efficacy of experimentation/practice. Therefore, whenever contents of national textbooks are revised, the proper experimental materials & facilties must be established. And then, according to these standards, educational facilities must be prepared equally. 3) The capacity of educational facilities are conciderably different according to the type, region, and established pattern of school. Therefore, in order to eliminate these differences, it needs to prepare practice classrooms, and to import the new educational facilities. For these preperations, and for the efficient education of practical skill, financial aids from government are necessary. 4) In comparison with contents of textbook the educational facilities which are not enlisted in experimental materials & facilties but very important and very necessary for the classwork of Home Eocnomics Education must be included in new experimental materials & facilities. 5) The problems of existing experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education are identified as following ; i) disagreement between names of educational facilities and contents of the textbook of Home Economics Education. ii) the standard of need in relation to the number of class, isn't fit to our educational reality likewise. iii) the difficulty of elastic application. Therefore, to be sure of the development of Home Economics Education, various efficient methods of education must be groped, and endeavour for correction of imperfection must be maintained continuously.

P067 A retrospective analysis of low dose acitretin and cyclosporine combination therapy in psoriasis patients

( In-hye Kang ),( Hye-jin Ahn ),( Eun-jae Shin ),( Min Jae Gwak ),( Min Kyung Shin ),( Nack-in Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Psoriasis is a chronic in.ammatory disorder. Approximately 25% of patients present with a moderate-to-severe form of psoriasis and may require lifelong systemic therapy. Up until recently, there have been few reports showing the effectiveness and safety of adding cyclosporine to acitretin for treatment. Objectives: The aim of our study was to gain more knowledge about systemic combination therapies with retinoids and cyclosporine. Methods: Retrospective review of the databases of dermatological departments at Kyung Hee Medical Center was performed. 11 patients treated with oral acitretin and cyclosporine combination therapy, 12 and 14 patients treated with acitretin and cyclosporine monotherapy, respectively were included in the study. The data including age, gender, comorbidity, treatment regimen, period, presence of adverse events, and the PASI score were collected. Results: There were no significant differences in the degree of reduction of PASI scores after 12 weeks among the three groups. The number of patients with adverse events was 19 in the acitretin monotherapy group, 10 in the cyclosporine monotherapy group, and 9 in the combination treatment group. Conclusion: Although low dose combination therapy of acitretin and cyclosporine has similar effects compared to the monotherapy, side effects was lower in combination therapy because of drug sparing effects. We suggest combination therapy employing systemic agents are becoming more widely used for the treatment of psoriasis.

보선진료원의 업무분석에 관한 연구<Ⅱ> : 전라남도 보건진료원을 중심으로

손인아,강혜영,정영 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1988 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.13 No.1

전 세계적으로 80% 이상의 인구가 의료자원의 도시집중 및 의료비 상승 등의 이유로 기본적인 의료 혜택을 받지 못하고 있으며 심지어는 동일 국가 내에서 조차 보건의료 자원의 편중 현상으로 인하여 모든 주민이 균등한 혜택을 누리지 못하고 있기에 지구상의 모든 인류에게 적시에 가까운 거리에서 양질의 필요한 보건의료를 제공해 주기 위한 목적과 방법으로서 일차보건의료라는 개념이 대두하였고 우리나라에서도 이와 같은 목적으로 1981년 부터 보건진료원이라는 새로운 인력을 훈련, 배치시켜 1986년 7월에 목표를 달성함으로써 전국의 보건의료 취약지를 없애는데 성공하였다. 이러한 이 때 보건진료원의 업무 수행 정도를 파악하고 어떤 변수가 이들의 성공적 업무 수행에 영향을 미치는 가를 파악함으로써 보건의료 전달의 질적 향상을 도모하는데 도움이 될 기초자료를 제시하기 위해 본 연구를 시도 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 전라남도에서 업무 수행 중에 있는 전체 보건진료원을 대상으로 하였고, 자료수집기간은 1986년 11월 11일부터 12월 30일 까지로서 보건사회부가 실시하는 보수교육 기간을 이용하여 동 교육담당자에게 연구 목적을 설명한 후 질문지를 배부하여 기입토록 한 후 곧 회수하였고 불참자에게는 2회에 걸쳐 우편을 이용하여 수집하였다. 총 회수 매수는 207매였으며 자료분석은 S.P.S.S. Programme을 이용하여 백분율, 평균값, 단계적 중회귀 분석을 구하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 보건진료원의 업무 수행 정도에 가장 큰 영향을 준 변수는 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 호봉과 학력으로서 9.969%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 2. 지역사회 조직 및 개발사업에 영향을 미친 변수의 서열은 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 결혼상태, 근무 지역, 조건, 호봉, 보건진료소 시설 상태, 연령 순으로써 22.051%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 3. 보건사업 계획에 영향을 미친 변수의 서열은 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 결혼상태, 근무지역 조건, 호봉, 보건진료소 시설 상태, 연령 순으로써 22.193%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 4. 지역사회 보건관리에 영향을 미친 변수는 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 결혼 상태, 근무 지역 조건, 호봉, 보건진료소 시설 상태, 연령 순으로써 21.923%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 5. 모자 보건 및 가족계획에 영향을 미칠 변수는 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 결혼 상태, 근무지역 조건, 호봉, 보건진료소 시설 상태, 연령 순으로써 20.124%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 6. 통상 질환 관리에 영향을 미친 변수는, 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 결혼 상태, 호봉, 근무지역 조건, 보건진료소 시설 상태, 경력 순으로써 22.664%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 7. 보건사업 운영관리 및 지도에 영향을 미친변수는 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 근무지역 조건, 결혼 상태, 호봉 순으로써 18.706%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 8. 보건 정보 체계 수립에 영향을 미친 변수는 단계적 중회귀 분석 결과 결혼상태, 근무지역 조건, 호봉, 보건진료소 시설 상태, 연령 순으로써 20.168%의 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 9. 보건진료원의 업무 수행 정도를 Likert 5점 척도로 측정한 결과 가장 큰 영향을 미친 변수는 호봉으로서 호봉이 높을 수록 업무 수행을 잘 하고 있는 것으로 나타난 데 비해 시간 소비량 조사에서는 결혼상태, 근무지역 조건, 호봉 순으로써 즉, 독신자일수록, 근무지역이 양호할수록, 고호봉일수록 업무 수행에 보다 많은 시간을 소비하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이상의 분석 결과 이에 포함되지 않은 몇가지 내용을 지적하여 차후 계속 연구가 되어지기를 기대한다. 1. 보건진료원의 일반적 특성과 업무와 관련된 변수간의 관계가 분석되지 못하였다. 2. 보건 진료원의 일반적 특성 및 업무와 관련된 변수와 영역별 업무 수행 정도와의 관계가 분석되지 못하였다. 3. 7가지 업무 영역 상호간의 수행 정도에 대한 상관 관계가 분석 되지 못 하였다. This study was undertaken to analyze that which variables effects on Professional Activities of Community Health Practitioners by measuring time spent, so as to provide some basic data which can be some help for establishing better Health Care Delivery System. The subjects of this study were all the Community Health Practitioners who are practicing in rural areas in Chunnam province, and the data were collected from 11th Nov. 1986 to 30th Dec. the same year. The data were analyzed by S.P.S.S. using Frequency, Mean and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results were as follows; 1. The variables which have effects on the Professional Activities of C.H.P.s by measuring by Likert 5 scale by themselves are; the salary step, educational background. and they have 9.969% of predictability. 2. The variables which have effects on the Activitics of the Organization and Development of Community of C.H.P.s are; marital status, the condition of the Community, the salary step, the facilities of Community Health Centre, age, in order and they have 22.051% of predictability altogether. 3. The variables which have effects on the Activities of the Planning of Health Care for the Community of C.H.P.s are;marital status, the condition of Community, the salary step, the facilities of Community Health Centre, age, in order, and they have 22.192% of predictability altogether. 4. The variables which have effects on the Activities of the Management of the Community of C.H.P.s are; marital status, the condition of Community, the salary step, the facilities of Community Health Centre, age, in order, and they have 21.923% of predictability altogether. 5. The variables which have effects on the Activities of the Maternal Child Health and Family Planning of the Community of C.H.C., age, in order, and they have 20.124% of predictability altogether. 6. The variables which have effects on Activities of the Management of Common Minor Illness of C.H.P.s are; marital status, the salary step, the condition of the Commnity, the facilities of the C.H.C., the past experience as C.H.P., in order, and they have 22.664% of predictability altogether. 7. The variables which have effects on the Activities of the Administration, Management and Guidance of Health Care Activity of the Community of C.H.P.s are; the condition of Community, marital status, the salaty step, in order, and they have 18.706% of predictability altogether. 8. The variables which have effects on the Activities of the Establishment of Health Care Information System of the Community of C.H.P.s are; marital status, the condition of Community, the salary step, the facilities of C.H.C., age, in order, and they have 20.168% of predictability altogether.

Serial Changes of Heat Shock Protein 70 and Interleukin-8 in Burn Blister Fluid

( Kicheol Yoo ),( Kang Yeol Suh ),( Gi Hun Choi ),( In-suk Kwak ),( Dong Kook Seo ),( Dohern Kym ),( Hyeon Yoon ),( Yong Se Cho ),( Hye One Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.2

Background: It has been reported that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) play an important role in cells during the wound healing process. However, there has been no report on the effect of HSP70 and IL-8 on the blisters of burn patients. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the serial quantitative changes of HSP70 and IL-8 in burn blisters. Methods: Twenty-five burn patients were included, for a total of 36 cases: twenty cases on the first day, six cases on the sec-ond, five cases on the third, three cases on the fourth, and two cases on the fifth. A correlation analysis was performed to de-termine the relationship between the concentration of HSP70 and IL-8 and the length of the treatment period. Results: The HSP70 concentration was the highest on the first day, after which it decreased down to near zero. Most HSP70 was generated during the first 12 hours after the burn accident. There was no correlation between the concen-tration of HSP70 on the first day and the length of the treat-ment period. No measurable concentration of IL-8 was de-tected before 5 hours, but the concentration started to in-crease after 11 hours. The peak value was measured on the fourth day. Conclusion: While HSP70 increased in the first few hours and decreased afterwards, IL-8 was produced after 11 hours and increased afterward in burn blister fluid. These findings provide new evidence on serial changes of in-flammatory mediators in burn blister fluid. (Ann Dermatol 29(2) 194∼199, 2017)

한국노인의 성공적 노후에 대한 경험

김미혜(Mee-Hye Kim),신경림(Kyung-Rm Shin),강미선(Mi-Sun Kang),강인(In Kang) 한국노년학회 2004 한국노년학 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구는 노인들이 체험하고 있는 노후의 삶을 이해하고 그 체험의 본질을 탐색하여 성공적인 노후에 대한 한국 노인들의 의식을 심층적으로 파악하기 위하여 질적 연구방법을 적용하였다. 연구 참여자는 서울시에 거주하는 노인 40명이었으며, 이들을 2003년 3월부터 5월까지 2회에 걸쳐 개별적으로 심층면담을 하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과 연구 참여자들이 체험한 한국노인의 성공적 노후의 공통의 속성은 복(福)이었으며, 본질적 범주는 9가지로 나타났다. 9가지 범주는 '부부 복', '자식 복', '친구 복', '여가생활 복', '거처 복', '재산 복', '건강 복', '마음 복', '죽음 복'이었다. 노인은 자식과 가족의 연계 속에서 자신의 삶과 죽음을 인식하고, 자신의 노후에 자식에 대한 의존을 극도로 자제하려는 모습을 보여 죽음마저도 자식을 배려할 수 있고 깨끗하게 맞이할 수 있다면 그것이 하늘이 내려준 복이며 곧 성공적 노후라고 인식하고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 한국적 문화 안에서 노년기 삶을 이해함에 있어서 통합적인 시각을 제공하고, 노년기 삶에 대한 지식을 제공함으로써, 다양한 분야의 전문가들이 노인의 욕구에 맞는 개입방향 및 방법을 마련함에 있어서 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다. The purposes of this study are to understand the meanings and to explore the nature of successful aging experiences of Korean elderly. 40 elderly aged 65 and over participated in this study. Data of the experiences of successful aging were collected by using in-depth interviews with respondents from March, 2003 to May 2003. The analysis of data was made phenomenological analytic method by suggested by Colaizzi. Meaning of experience was categorized as '9 fortune'. This is consisted of nine theme-cluster: The couples live in health; They live happily in their neighbor which is familiar and convenient for them; They can even participate in daily activity such as doing volunteer work and doing some sports; Their children live better life than they did; They have a friend who can talk to and share their emotions with; They keep their health condition as good as now; They afford their daily living expense; They will die in peace; They accept current situation and live their life in a more positive way for the rest of their life. Significance of this study is that by understanding elderly's successful aging experience it will help the researchers, educators and practitioners to develop appropriate social services for them.

폐경전 여성에서 에스트로겐 수용체 유전자 다형성과 골초음파 지표의 상관관계에 대한 연구

김정순,정동진,강혜숙,강세훈,김경민,홍세인,조동혁,강호철,정민영 全南大醫大 2004 전남의대학술지 Vol.40 No.1

Uncoupling Protein 3의 골격근 세포내 과발현이 OLETF 백서 및 배양된 골격근 세포에서 포도당대사에 미치는 영향

한정희,박혜선,고정민,김하영,강호경,이인규,박중열,홍성관,이재담,이기업 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:Uncoupling protein(UCP)는 미토콘드리아의 내막에 위치하는 단백질로 세포내의 과다한 에너지를 열로 발산시키는 기능을 가진다. 최근 동물의 갈색지방조직에만 존재하는 UCP와 유사성을 가진 아형들(UCP2,3)이 사람에게도 존재함이 알려져 큰 관심을 끌도 있는데 이중 UCP3는 그 발현이 골격근세포와 갈색지방조직에만 국한된다. 본 연구에서는 UCP3가 체내 인슐린 감수성을 결정하는데 가장 중요한 조직인 골격근에 국한되어 발현되는 점에 착안하여 UCP3를 골격근세포에 과발현시켰을 때 포도당 대사에 어떠한 영향이 나타나는 지를 조사하였다. 방법:25주령의 8마리의 OLETF 백서를 대상으로 하여 4마리는 골격근에 adenovirus 2mL(1×10¹²pfu/mL)를 주사하여 대조군으로 하였고 4마리는 골격근에 재조합법으로 제작된 adenovirus­UCP3 2mL(1×10¹²pfu/mL)를 주사하였다(UCP3 과발현군). UCP3를 투여한 백서에서 먹이섭취가 증가하는 경향이 있어 그 전날 대조군이 먹은 야의 먹이만큼 투여하였다. 골격근에 adenovirus를 주사한 10일 후에 euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp를 시행하였다. Adenovirus­UCP를 C2C12 골격근 세포에 transfection시켜 UCP3를 C2C12 골격근 세포에 transfection시켜 UPS3­C2C12를 만들고 C2C12 골격근 세포와 UPS3­C2C12 골격근 세포에서 포도당 수송 및 당원합성을 측정하였다. 결과:UCP3 과발현 OLETF에서 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였고 인슐린 감수성이 증가하였다. C2C12세포에서 기저상태 포도당 수송은 1.28±0.17μmol/L/min였고 100nM 인슐린으로 2시간 처리한 후 2.67±0.20 μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12 세포에서는 기저상태 포도당 수송이 3.98±0.13μmol/L/min로 증가되었고 인슐린 처리 후 5.74±0.44μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. 인슐린을 처리한 UCP3­C2C12 세포에 P13K 억제제인 wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 포도당 수송활성이 3.81±0.20μmol/L/min로 감소하였다. 기저상태 당원합성은 C2C12 세포에서 0.25±0.01μmol/L/min였고 인슐린 처리 후 0.45±0.01μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12 세포에서는 기저상태 당원합성이 0.62±0.01μmol/L/min였고 인슐린 처리 후 1.26±454μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12세포에 wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 당원합성율이 0.80±0.04μmol/L/min로 감소하였다. 결론:UCP3 과발현이 OLETF 백서에서 인슐린 감수성을 증가시켰고 골격근세포에서 포도당 수송 및 당원합성을 증가시켰다. wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 포도당 수송 및 당원합성이 감소함으로 보아 이 과정이 인슐린 신호전달체계인 P13K에 일부 의존함을 알 수 있었다. Background : UC P3 is a mitochondrial membrane protein expressed selectively in the skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. Since the skeletal muscle is the main organ determining insulin sensitivity in the body, it was hypothesized that UCP3 overexpression in skeletal muscle cells would improve glucose metabolism. Methods : An adenovirus-UCP3 was produced by a recombinant DNA method. OLETF rats were divided into 2 groups. Four rats were injected with the adenovirus-UCP3 (UCP3 group) and others were injected with the adenovirus(control group) in the skeletal muscle. The UCP3 group was provided with the same quantity of food as that consumed by the control group on the previous day. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method. In a separate experiment, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis we evaluated in C2C212 cells transfected with ether an adenovirus or the adenovirus-UCP3. Results : The insulin sensitivity improved significantly and the body weight decreased in the UCP3 group. The glucose transport and glycogen synthesis were higher in the UCP3-C2C12 skeletal muscle cells at the basal state. After insulin treatment, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis were also higher in the UCP3-C2C12 cells but the increments were reduced after treatment with wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Conclusion : Insulin sensitivity was higher in the UCP3-overexpressed OLETF rats in the in vivo study. UCP3 transfection also increased glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in the cultured skeletal muscle cells by a PI3K dependent mechanism(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25 :460~468, 2001).

Selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid using indium-zinc bimetallic nanocrystals

Kwon, Ik Seon,Debela, Tekalign Terfa,Kwak, In Hye,Seo, Hee Won,Park, Kidong,Kim, Doyeon,Yoo, Seung Jo,Kim, Jin-Gyu,Park, Jeunghee,Kang, Hong Seok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.7 No.40

<P>For the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CRR) with high selectivity for HCOOH, In-Zn bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized as catalysts by <I>in situ</I> reduction of In2O3-ZnO NCs with various compositions. All In-containing bimetallic catalysts exhibited excellent selectivity to produce HCOOH, while Zn NCs favor CO production. A composition with In : Zn = 0.05 has higher catalytic activity than In NCs, with a faradaic efficiency of 95% and a HCOOH production rate of 0.40 mmol h<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at −1.2 V <I>vs.</I> RHE. The enhanced catalytic performance is in part ascribed to the fewer surface oxide layers, which increase the conductivity and facilitate the charge transfer. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the In-Zn interfacial sites make the HCOOH pathway significantly energy-favorable, which supports the higher production rate of Zn0.95In0.05 than that of In.</P>

백서 혈관평활근 세포에서 α-Lipoic acid가 PAI-1 발현, 세포의 증식, 주유능 및 신생내막 형성억제에 미치는 효과

신동우,이동욱,이상준,김혜순,강효경,안종덕,이인규 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:당뇨병의 혈관 합병증의 발생에 있어서 산화스트레스는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 혈관 평활근세포에서 고혈당은 안지오텐신Ⅱ와 더불어 활성산소족(ROS)을 증가시키며, 산화스트레스에 민감한 전사인자들을 활성화시켜 동맥경화증을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 항산화제로 알려진 알파­리포산이 혈관 평활근세포의 증식속도와 이주에 미치는 영향과 PAI­1발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 이와 동시에 백서의 혈관 손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산이 신생내막 증식을 억제시킬 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 방법:In vitro 실험은 백서의 대동맥 평활근세포를 고농도의 포도당(22mM)과 100nM의 안지오텐신Ⅱ로 4시간 배양하였다. 알파­리포산을 처리 후, PAI­1 mRNA의 발현을 보기 위해 노던 블롯을 시행하였고 평활근세포의 유주능과 증식속도에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 성장속도의 유주능 분석을 시행하였다. 또한 평활근세포의 유주능에 NF­μB 경로가 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 겔 지연 분석과 NF­μB 보고 유전자 분석을 시행하였다. In vivo 실험으로 백서의 혈관손상 모델을 이용하여 알파­리포산 처리 후 혈관의 신생내막 두께를 비교하였다. 결과:In vitro 실험에서 고농도 포도당과 안지오텐신Ⅱ에 의해 유도된 PAI­1 mRNA 발현증가는 알파­리포산 처리에 의하여 용량에 비례하여 억제되었다(p<0.05). 알파­리포산 처리로 혈관 평활근세포의 유주능은 유의하게 억제되었으나(p<0.01),증식속도는 유의하게 억제되지 않았다. 또한 알파­리포산 처리로 NF­μB 발현도 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.01). In vivo 실험에서 알파­리포산을 주입한 군에서 혈관손상에 의한 신생내막의 증식이 유의하게 억제되는 것을 보여주었다(p<0.01). 결론:알파­리포산은 백서의 대동맥 평활근 세포의 증식속도는 억제하지 못했으나 유주능은 유의하게 억제하였으며, 혈관 손상 모델에서 신생 내막 증식도 유의하게 억제함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 작용은 알파­리포산에 의한 NF­μB 경로의 억제와 연관이 있는 것으로 사료된다. Background : Exposure to large amounts of glucose causes a characteristic dysfunction and morphologic changes of the endothelium by an increased production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in diabetes. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), which modulates fibrinolysis and cell migration may influence proteolysis and neointimal formation in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). Antioxidants have been proposed to inhibit multiple proatherogenic events. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid on PAI-1 expression and VSMC proliferation and migration both in vivo and in vitro. Methods : In the in vitro study, cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells(RASMC) were incubated in a medium containing high glucose (22 mM) and 100 nM angiotensin Ⅱ for 4 hour. After α-lipoic acidtreatment, a -migration and growth assay of the RASMC, and a gelmobility shift assay and reportergene analysis for nuclear factor- иB(NF- иB) and northern blot analysis for PAI-1 were performed. In the in vivo study, the effect of α-lipoic acid on neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid balloon injury model was evaluated. Results : RASMC migration was inhibited significantly by α-lipoic acid (p<0.01), but their prolife ration was not inhibited. The NF-иB DNA binding activity and NF-иB promoter activity was inhibited by α-lipoic acid significantly (p<0.01). α-lipoic acid inhibited PAI-1 mRNA expression by high glucose and angiotensin Ⅱ in dose dependent manner (p<0.05). In the rat carotid artery balloon injury model, neointimal formation was reduced by α-lipoic acid treatment in a dose dependent manner significantly (p<0.01). Conclusion : α-lipoic acid suppresses migration, but not prolife ration in RASMC. α-lipoic acid also reduce neointima formation in a rat carotid balloon injured model. This effect might be related to the blocking of NF-иB which increase the expression of the genes associated with atherosclerosis including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, endothelin-1, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, tissue factor(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25:446~459, 2001).