FC 1-4 : A survey of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding sun exposure and sunscreen use

( Sih Yeok Jang ),( Hyeong Ho Ryu ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( So Yun Cho ),( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, only a few people regularly use sunscreen. Objectives: To investigate the awareness of effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and the behaviors about sunscreen uses in Korean. Methods: A questionnaire was administered 255 adult patients visited Dermatology Department at Seoul National University Boramae Hospital. It included questions about the awareness of benefit or harm of sunlight, perceived and actual extent of sun exposure, the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was chosen as the major cause of dyschromia (61.2%), skin cancer (62.8%) and wrinkle (28.6%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondents stated that they were exposed to sunlight more than one hour per day (23.1% on weekdays, 53.4% on weekends). But, only 8.7% thought that their sun exposures were problematic and 62.2% of respondents considered moderate sunlight exposure good for health. People`s sun protective behaviors were inadequate: only 30.8% used sunscreen regularly; 18.4% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor choosing sunscreen and 86.0% used sunscreen labeled SPF over 30. In contrast, only 40.3% used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite a fairly good knowledge about harmful effects of sunlight, people underestimated the risks of their sun exposure and behaviors were suboptimal.

황구침법(黃丘鍼法)을 이용한 고혈압 환자의 혈압강하 효과에 대한 증례보고

한창현 ( Chang Hyun Han ),황치원 ( Chi Won Hwang ),신미숙 ( Min Suk Shin ),신선화 ( Seon Hwa Shin ),최선미 ( Sun Mi Choi ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.3

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of Hwang-gu Acupuncture in hypertensive patients. Methods: We measured the blood pressure of the patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical Clinic of Brother from 25th November 2005 to 27th March 2006. We included the patients only in case of the systolic blood pressure was over 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was over 90mmHg, Twenty two patients were treated by Hwang-gu Acupuncture. In order to evaluate the effect of the Hwang-gu Acupuncture, the blood pressure was measured before and after Acupuncture procedure total 4 times, 10times. Results: There were a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure and significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure by Hwang-gu Acupuncture 4 times. The effect of Hwang-gu Acupuncture by measurement time on blood pressure were follows: In a systolic blood pressure was gradually deceased significantly from 1st to 4th but diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after 2nd and 4th only. Conclusions: These results suggest that Hwang-gu Acupuncture is effective in decreasing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

고로슬래그시멘트를 사용한 다공성 황토콘크리트의 성능 평가

김황희,강수만,박종식,박상우,전지홍,이진형,차상선,박찬기,Kim, Hwang-Hee,Kang, Su-Man,Park, Jong-Sik,Park, Sang-Woo,Jeon, Ji-Hong,Lee, Jin-Hyung,Cha, Sang-Sun,Park, Chan-Gi 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.3

This study aims to evaluate a porous concrete using hwang-toh, blast furnace slag and blast furnace slag (BFS) cement instead of type I cement. The tests that were carried out to analysis the properties of porous hwang-toh BFS cement concrete included compressive strength, continuous void ratio, absorption rate, and pH value, repeated freezing and thawing test were conducted. Test results indicated that the performance in porous hwang-toh concrete are effective on the kaoline based binder materials. The pH value were shown in about 9.5 ~ 8.5. The compressive strength was increased and void ratio was decreased with increasing the kaoline based binder materials, respectively. The void ratio and compressive strength were in the range of about 21 ~ 30 %, 8 ~ 13 MPa, respectively. The increased in void ratio of more than 25 % is showed to reduce the resistance of repeated freezing and thawing. Also, the resistance of repeated freezing of thawing and the compressive strength of porous hwang-toh BFS cement concrete are independent with hwang-toh content and BFS cement amount. But, the void ratio was decreased with increasing the high volume hwang-toh contents (more than 15 %).

건조방법에 따른 아로니아(Aronia melancocarpa) 열수 추출물의 항산화 성분 함량 및 항산화 활성

황은선(Eun-Sun Hwang),뉴안 도티(Nhuan Do Thi) 한국식품과학회 2014 한국식품과학회지 Vol.46 No.3

아로니아 열수추출물 분말을 제조하여 가공식품에 적용하기 위한 방법을 모색하기 위하여 다양한 건조방법이 아로니아의 항산화 성분 함량 및 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 신선한 아로니아를 일광건조, 스팀 후 일광건조, 동결건조 및 오븐건조의 방법으로 완전히 건조시킨 후 분말로 제조하여 100℃에서 6시간 동안 3회 반복 열수 추출하여 총 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 및 안토시아닌 함량을 분석하였다. 아로니아의 총 폴리페놀 함량(mg gallic acid/g 기준)은 동결건조한 시료에서 가장 높았으며, 스팀 후 일광건조 >일광건조 >및 오븐건조의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 아로니아의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 quercetin을 기준으로 동결건조한 시료에서 가장 높았으며, 스팀 후 일광건조 >일광건조 >오븐건조의 순으로 나타났다. 아로니아에 함유된 총 안토시아닌 함량은 cyanidin-3-glucoside를 기준으로 동결건조 >일광건조 >스팀 후 일광건조 >오븐건조의 순으로 나타났다. 아로니아 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능, superoxide anion 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력의 5가지 방법으로 측정하였다. 4가지 건조방법 중에서 동결건조 시료에서 항산화 활성이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 오븐 건조한 시료에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 건조방법이 아로니아의 항산화 성분 함량과 항산화 활성에 영향을 주며 고온의 건조방법보다는 저온의 동결건조 방법이 아로니아의 유효성분 함량과 항산화 활성을 증대시키기 위한 최적의 방법으로 사료된다. This study determined the antioxidant levels and activities of hot water aronia extracts by different drying methods such as sun drying, sun drying after steam treatment, freeze-drying, and oven drying. The total polyphenol content, calculated as gallic acid equivalent, was the highest in the freeze-dried sample (910 mg), followed by sun-dried after steam treatment (779 mg), sun-dried (769 mg), and oven-dried (757 mg) samples. Similar patterns were observed for the total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. Freeze-dried aronia samples contained the highest polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents as compared to the samples dried by other methods. All antioxidant activities were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner. For the hot water-extracted freeze-dried aronia powder (200 mg/mL), the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicalscavenging activities were 65.5% and 61.7% and the hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical-scavenging activities were 50.5% and 52.1%, respectively. These results suggest that comparatively, freeze-drying is a better method for preserving the bioactive components and the antioxidant activities of aronia.

사상과 역사 : 한국 고대 사유와 수운최제우(水雲崔濟愚)에서 인간관의 문제

황경선 ( Gyeong Sun Hwang ) 영산대학교 동양문화연구원 2014 동양문화연구 Vol.19 No.-

이글은 한국 고대 사유의 인간관이 수운 최제우에게서 얼마만큼 재현되는지 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 이것은 곧 시대를 뛰어넘어 둘 사이에 공유되고 있는 것을 찾는 시도이기도 하다. 단군신화와 이른바 선도류 문 헌들을 중심으로 살펴 본 고대 인간관에서 이상적 인간됨은 하느님을 섬기는 가운데 조화와 장생의 삶, 즉 선仙을 성취하는 데 있는 것으로 밝혀진다. 신을 무형의 실재인 기氣[三神, 至氣]와 인격신[天神, 天主, 上帝]의 일체로 이해하는 고대 신관에 따라 신에 대한 인간의 응대는 다음과 같이 드러난다. 인간은 신으로부터 품부된 제 본성을 되찾아 우주의 신령한 기운과 하나 되는 가운데 인격적 최상의 신을 섬긴다. 또한 인간 완성의 길에는 천명天命으로 주어진, 홍익인간의 과업을 완수하는 것이 따른다. 한국 고대에서 이상적 혹은 본래적 인간됨은 하느님 신앙과 성통性通과 공완功完의 전일적 조화로부터 성취되는 것이다. 1860년 하늘의 도를 얻어 동학을 연 수운에게서 그러한 인간관이 새롭게 반복된다. 그의 삶과 가르침, 무엇보다도 동학의 요체인 시천주 주문에 대한 그의 풀이를 통해 그 같은 사실을 확인하게 된다. This study attempts to find out how much of the view of human being in the korean ancient thoughts is reflected on that of Su-Un Choi-jae-Woo. At the same time, this study tries to discover what is common between them. The ideal beingness as a human, in the Korean ancient thought, is considered as achieving Sun(仙), a life of creation and transformation[造化] and longevity[長生], while serving God. We can find this in the myth of Dan-Gun and the literatures of the Korean Sun-Do(仙道). The Korean ancient thought understands God as Gi(氣) [三神, 至氣], which is an intangible being, and as having a personality[天神, 天主, 上帝]. According to this thought, the man``s response to God is as follows. The man recovers his nature, which was given by God, harmonizes with cosmic divine energy, and serves God of the best personality. And to complete the task of Hong-Ik-In-Gan(弘益人間) is an important part of being the ideal human being. In the Korean ancient, the ideal and the original beingness of a human being was to be made from the recovery of human nature[性通] and the completion of heavenly task[功完]. How much the view of Su-Un inherits the ancient view will be decided by how many of the aforementioned factors remain in his theory. Tracing back his life and teachings, the main theme of his Do(道) is as follows. Both I and my neighbors recover ``Shi(侍)``, the original nature, following the Heaven. And we harmonize with Ji-Gi(至氣), and pursues Sun, by serving the Lord of Heaven. Here we can clearly see that the Korean ancient view is repeated in the thought of Su-Un.

[A Story by Hwang Sun-won] The Drizzle

Hwang Sun-won,Kim Chong-un(번역자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1968 Korea Journal Vol.8 No.1

Chronological Harmonization between the Two Creation Accounts in Genesis

황선우(Hwang, Sun-Woo) 한국개혁신학회 2011 개혁논총 Vol.18 No.-

구약 오경의 문서설(JEDP)이 비평적 학계에서 널리 받아들여진 이래로 비평적 학계에서는 창세기 1:1-2:3 (1:1-2:4a) 과 2:4-25 (2:4b-25)을 각각 P와 J문서로 보며 하나님의 이름과 문예적 특징, 창조순서가 서로 다른 두 개의 모순적인 기사들로 여겨 왔다. 이 소론에서 필자는 두 창조기사의 여러 대조점 가운데 특별히 창조기사의 순서를 분석하여 두 창조기사의 순서가 서로 모순적인 관계에 있지 않고 보완적이며 조화로운 관계에 있음을 밝히고자 하였다. 이 분석을 위해 필자는 먼저 창조순서에 있어 여러 논쟁점을 지니고 있는 첫째 창조기사를 분석하였다. 첫째 창조기사의 창조순서를 인정하지 않는 학자들에게 중요한 두 논지는 첫째, 첫 번째 창조기사는 바벨론 신화에서 빌려온 비역사적 기사라는 것이고 둘째, 창조기사의 창조순서는 과학적으로 납득되지 않는다는 것이다. 두 번째 주장은 구체적으로 빛의 창조에 관한 첫째 날과 넷째 날의 관계에 주목한다. 이 두 논지에 반박하여 필자는 첫 번째 창조기사와 바벨론 신화 사이에 고대근동 문학으로서의 유사성뿐만 아니라 다양한 상이성이 있음을 확인함으로 첫째 창조 기사를 비역사적 고대 바벨론 신화의 아류라고 단정할 수 없음을 논증하였고, 넷째 날 태양의 창조 이전의 시간개념의 도입은 첫째 날 빛의 창조로 가능할 수 있음을 본문 주석을 통해 논증하였다. 두 창조기사의 관계에 관하여는 첫째 창조기사가 창조된 순서대로 (chronologically) 기술된 반면 둘째 창조기사는 인간의 창조에 초점을 맞추어 주제별로 (topically) 기술되었음을 논증하였다. 따라서 창조순서의 측면에서 볼 때 첫째 창조기사와 둘째 창조기사는 모순적 관계에 있지 않고 상호 보완적 관계를 지니며 두 창조기사를 통해 독자는 하나님의 창조를 다각적으로 이해 할 수 있다. Ever since the Documentary Hypothesis (JEDP) was widely accepted in the critical circle of the Old Testament studies, Genesis 1:1-2:3 (or 1:1-2:4a) and Genesis 2:4-25 (or 2:4b-25) have been considered as two different and contradictory creation stories that belong to P and J respectively by noticing differences between the two accounts: names of God, literary style, and creation order, etc. Among the issues of differences between the two accounts, I have focused on the creation order of the two to demonstrate that the two accounts are not contradictory but harmonizable. The first step, for the search of the harmonization, is to decide the debated issue of the chronological order of the first account. There are two major groups of supporting non-chronological reading of the first creation account. The first group believes that the first creation account is an unhistorical account borrowed from Babylonian myths. The second group claims a nonchronological reading of the text mainly from their desire to harmonize their scientific data with the first creation account, specially in regard to the relationship between the first day and the fourth day. In opposition to the both arguments I defended the chronological reading of the first account. Many uniquenesses of the first creation story were discovered in comparison with other ancient creation literatures. Concerning the question of the sun’s function before the creation of the sun on the fourth day, I argued that the light created on the first day carried the role of the sun, the light bearer, before it was created on the fourth day, although we do not know exactly how the first light functioned. As for the second creation account non-chronological, topical reading is compelling by observing the author’s intention of emphasis on the creation of man. Therefore, the two creation accounts do not have internal contradiction in terms of the chronology. The author of Genesis did not make a mistake on harmonization of the chronology between the texts. Rather he must have intended to make the accounts complementary for better understanding of God’s creation of man and the world.

머신 러닝을 위한 태양동기궤도위성의 추적데이터 생성

이병선(Byoung-Sun Lee),김원길(Won-Gil Kim),이준호(Junho Lee),황유라(Yoola Hwang) 한국항공우주학회 2018 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.4

변색 실활치에 대한 carbamide peroxide gel의 표백효과

박선아,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,윤창,박영준,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

The bleaching of discolored nonvital teeth is conservative treatement that satisfy the cosmetic desire. The most common method for this treatement, walking bleaching, is using 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Many alternatives are suggested for preventing the external cervical root resorption that is the common complication of the nonvital teeth bleaching with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The same extent of oxidation reactions as that resulted by the bleaching with the application of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate can also be acquired more safely by materials that contain 10% carbamide peroxide, used primarily for the bleaching of vital teeth. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in nonvatal teeth bleaching. The internal bleaching of intentionally discolored teeth was performed in vitro with 10% carbamide peroxide (Group 1), 15% carbamide peroxide (Group 2), mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate (Group 3), and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate (Group 4). The bleaching materials were refreshed following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. To evaluate the bleaching effect, the color change of the crowns was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 days of bleaching using the colorimeter. The results were as follows : 1. L^* and ΔE^* values were increased with time in all bleaching agents(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference in L^* and ΔE^* value among bleaching agents. 3. Δ^* value higher than 3 was shown after 3 days of bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel, 1 day with 15% carbamide peroxide gel, 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and distilled water and 4 days with mixture sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, respectively. These results revealed that the use of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel in non-vital teeth bleaching is as effective as mixture of distilled water and sodium perborate and mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Accordingly, carbamide peroxide could be used clinically to bleach discolored non-vital teeth.

국어 부름말의 유형 연구

황병순(Hwang, Byung-Sun) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.137

A Korean summons is used for the identification of ‘the function words for referring’, combining with ‘modal expressions’ and its types are determined by ‘referring function words’. As for Korean summons, the function words for referring can be distinguished by their morphological characteristics and social norms, and morphological characteristics and social norms which determine the types of summons can be considered semantic features of Korean summons. The semantic features are therefore affected by the following factors: the existence of the function word for referring, the speaker’s awareness of the person being addressed, the hierarchical relationship between speakers, and the involvement of a sense of belonging, as shown in 〈Fig. 1〉. In addition, Korean summons can be divided into the eight types: ‘common noun,’ ‘kinship term,’ ‘title term,’ ‘proper noun,’ ‘semi-proper noun,’ ‘indirect referent,’ ‘request,’ and ‘attention’ according to the sematic features embedded in those summons. Types of these summons are encaptulsated in 〈Table 2〉. In modern Korean language, the summons have undergone many changes due to the changes of social norms which affect the construction of summons. The changing patterns are observed as follows: First, the border between an acquaintance and a stranger is blurred. The use of ‘common noun’ summons used for a conversation with strangers is replaced by the ‘kinship term’ or ‘title term’ summons. Secondly, the distinction between young and old is reduced to the disappearance of ‘semi-proper noun’ or the changing usage of ‘indirect referents’. Thirdly, the mark of hierarchy between the speakers shows variations. Finally, the frequency of using ‘attention summons’ is gradually increasing.