Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress

Hong, Jung-Pyo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Jung-Pyo Hong. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 162-171, 1999.-Stress caused the changes in the neural, vascular and immune system of the body. If stress is mild so as not to exceed the adaptability of the body to it, the homeostasis of the body is maintained. Otherwise psychological and physical disturbances of the body may occur, ample evidence suggests that stress causes apoptosis of the cells, inducing morphological and functional changes of the tissue as the result of tissue destruction. These disorders are also frequently observed in the orofacial region(dentistry), including not only such paychological oral lesions as Iichen planus and geographic tongue but stress-related diseases like temporomandibular disorder and xerostomia. It is, Therefore, possible that anti-stress medicines and stress-reliving activities may prevent and treat the psychosomatic disorders. In the study, we intended to check whether anti-depressant and anti-stress drugs such as Fluoxetine, Bunsimkium and Bohyulanshintang(oriental herbal medicine) can prevent pathologic changes of the salivary gland under the restraint condition. Seven-week old sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups.: Group Ⅰ, normal control;GroupⅡ,rats were under the restraint stress placed in the stress cages; GroupⅢ, rats were administrated Fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day), p.o., under the restraint stress; GroupⅣ,rats were administrated Bunsimkium, p.o., for 10 days before applying the restraint stress also.; Group Ⅴ,rats were administrated Bohyulanshintang, p.o., for 10 days before they were placed under the restraint stress. The rats were sacrificed at day 0,1,3,5,7 of the experiment. The submandibular glands of the rats were sampled immediately. The levels of clusterin protein and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northen blot analysis respectively. Our results were as follows. 1. Restraint stress induced apoptosis of the submandibular gland. 2. Restraint stress induced the expression of clusterin. The expression of clusterin reached the maximum level when the cellular apoptosis apparent and decreased after then. 3. Apoptosis was occurred on the acinar cells earlier than ductal cells by restraint stress. 4. In the Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, noremarkable difference of clusterin was found in between the normal control group and the Fluoxetine administrated-restraint stress group. 5. In Bunsimkium administrated-restraint stress group, apoposis was delayed. 6. In the Bohyulanshintang administered-restraint stress group, expression of clusterin increased with time and reached the maximum level at day 5 of the experiment and decreased after then. But apoptosis did not occurthrough all days of the experiment. The overall results suggenst that stress can induce pathologic changes in the salivary glands. By an early response to stress, clusterin is expressed in the glands to protect the glandular cells form the stress. But if stress is so strong and prolonged as to exceed the stress adaptability of the cells, then the cells may undergo apoptosis instead of producing clusterin. Administration of stress-relieving drugs such as Fluoxeting, BunsimKium and Bohyulanshintang may be useful in preventing and treating stress-related salivary glands diseases. Our results are thought to be useful to identify the mechanism of stress-related salivary gland diseases such as xerostomia. Hereafter, among the anti-stress medicines such as western medicine and traditional herb medicine, Bohyulanshintang with minimal side effect could be applied to effectively prevent and treat psychosomatic disease.

외국문요약

Hong,Seung-Pyo 동양사회사상학회 2002 사회사상과 문화 Vol.5 No.-

ERROR ESTIMATES FOR THE FULLY DISCRETE STABILIZED GAUGE-UZAWA METHOD -PART I: THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

Pyo, Jae-Hong The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2013 한국수학논문집 Vol.21 No.2

The stabilized Gauge-Uzawa method (SGUM), which is a second order projection type algorithm to solve the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations, has been newly constructed in 2013 Pyo's paper. The accuracy of SGUM has been proved only for time discrete scheme in the same paper, but it is crucial to study for fully discrete scheme, because the numerical errors depend on discretizations for both space and time, and because discrete spaces between velocity and pressure can not be chosen arbitrary. In this paper, we find out properties of the fully discrete SGUM and estimate its errors and stability to solve the evolution Navier-Stokes equations. The main difficulty in this estimation arises from losing some cancellation laws due to failing divergence free condition of the discrete velocity function. This result will be extended to Boussinesq equations in the continuous research (part II) and is essential in the study of part II.

'한국회화사' 재구축의 과제

홍선표(Hong Sun-pyo) 한국미술사학회 2004 美術史學硏究 Vol.- No.241

The present paper purposes to discuss tasks in reestablishing Korean painting history through the issue of 'meta art history' from the viewpoint of science history and theory history. Currently research and perception on Korean painting history is being developed focused on the subject and the object or nation and anti-nation based on the theory of internal development as the anti-colonial view of history. Taking typical landscape paintings and real landscape paintings as examples, the two were understood as opposite to each other in a way that former was non-subjective. imitative, ideological and foreign while the latter was national independent. original, realistic and modernistic, produced from the native color of Chosun. However, such a perception is hardly explainable considering that Jeong Seon, Kim Hong-do and other literary and professional artists in the late Chosun Dynasty created works of both tendencies without conflict. Like real landscape paintings, genre paintings and folk paintings developed as pan-East Asian genres and perception on them must also be reconstructed in the context of the circulation of East Asian practice and culture not in the view of modernism or nationalism. In modern paintings as well, Choi Woo-seok's <portrait of Admiral Lee> and other historical portraits are in fact military divines for the construction of the Great East Asia that borrowed the image of Toyotomi Hedeyoshi,and the fact that it was a symbol of 'Japan-Chosun Integration' combined with Shinto arts, which was the national polity of 'Empire' is a good example showing that it is urgent to overcome the existing frame of perception, which has been established as a discourse of resistance through reconstructing the frame of perception. To reconstruct Korean painting history. which has been defined and represented in Western modern ideologies and languages, in a form coincident with the realities, it is essential to reconsider the paradigm of art culture in the world system of East Asia, in which national boundaries have been drawn unilaterally and the others were excluded or reduced. Therefore, it is urgent above all to reconstruct Korean painting history in the structure of the paradigm of East Asian art culture and historical context, comprehending all similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese painting histories and going beyond unilateralistic self-sufficiency and closeness or the narrowness of nationalism based on unilateralism. An East Asian standpoint to examine the reality of Korean painting history is to look the whole picture of East Asian art culture including elements jointly promoted through mutual relationship under the objective conditions of geography and system and others and to identify similarities and differences among the countries. Similarities and differences among the countries must be identified not by the relationship of universality and peculiarity established from the existing dichotomic view of the center and the surroundings but by structural elements that form the paradigm of East Asia art culture. To establish a diachronic system as 'Korean painting history' as well as synchronic perception as East Asian art history. it is required to reconstruct Korea art history as a continuing serial, breaking off the discontinuing or separated systems before and after the modern ages. Current texts of art history survey, which stop its description at the end of the Chosun Dynasty, are limited to traditional art history or ancient art history, so they are characteristically 'Korean Ancient Art History' or 'Korean Traditional Painting History.' In addition, although it is a part of Korean art history, Korean modern & contemporary art history is studied separately with little structural understanding of connection and evolution in the whole context. Such a research trend also caused dichotomic perception and discontinuity of traditional arts and creative arts, making it difficult to

음식물류폐기물 공공 자원화시설 운영에 관한 연구 (Ⅱ)

홍용표ㆍ김웅용ㆍ신현곤(Yong Pyo HongㆍUng Yong KimㆍHyun Gon Shin) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구는 음식물류폐기물 공공 자원화 시설 운영의 문제점과 제도 개선방안을 위하여 실시하였다. 현재 운영중인 음식물류 폐기물의 가동율 현황과 자원화 시설의 확충 계획에 대한 분석을 통해 시설의 무분별한 신규건설로 인한 국가의 예산이 낭비되지 않도록 그 대안을 제시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 공공 자원화시설 신규 확충보다는 기존 민간 자원화시설을 활용하여 예산을 절약하고 음식물류 폐기물의 안정적인 처리는 물론 자원순환을 촉진시킬 수 있는 정책전환이 필요하다. 음식물류 폐기물을 친환경적인 방법으로 안정적으로 처리하기 위해서는 제도개선이 필요하며, 이를 위해 민간 자원화시설 가동률 저하를 줄일 수 있는 준공영제 도입이 필요하다. 또한, 공공 자원화시설의 검증된 기술과 경제성 확보 방안 마련이 필요하다. This study is conducted to find out the problems of the public food waste recycling facility operation and its improvement. In order to save the national budget by analyzing plans to expand including operation rate for the food waste recycling facility, the alternative ways are suggested. The result can be as follows: Policy switch is required not only to save budget and stable disposal of food waste but also to promote resource recycling rather than expanding public facilities. In order to change the policy for stable and eco-friendly disposal of food waste, it is necessary to adopt semipublic system that prevent the decline of the rate of operation of private resource recycling facility. Furthermore, it is required to prepare both qualified technologies of public resource recycling and the ways of profitability secure.

음식물류폐기물 공공 자원화시설 운영에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ)

홍용표ㆍ김혜선ㆍ김웅용ㆍ신현곤(Yong Pyo HongㆍHye Sun KimㆍUng Yong KimㆍHyun Gon Shin) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구는 음식물류 폐기물 공공 자원화 시설 운영의 문제점과 제도 개선방안을 위하여 실시하였다. 기존 음식물류 폐기물 공공자원화 시설에 대한 실태조사를 통해 운영에 따른 문제를 분석하였으며, 이를 위하여 음식물류 폐기물의 발생량 및 자원화 현황, 공공 및 민간 자원화시설 현황, 전국의 주요 음식물류 폐기물 공공자원화 시설의 실제 운영과정에서 나타난 문제점을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다: 현재 국내 음식물류 폐기물의 분리 수거량은 약 97%인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 대부분의 공공 자원화시설은 음식물류 폐기물의 자원화가 아닌 단순처리에 급급한 것으로 나타났으며 경제성도 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 바이오가스시설 대부분은 실시설계와는 달리 가스 생산량 및 수요량이 전혀 맞지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This study is conducted to find out problems of the public food waste recycling facility and its improvement. Through a research on the actual condition, it is possible to analyze the problem of operation. Moreover, for this improvement, with analysis of the current state of recycling rate including its generation and the problem that can be shown from the real operation of the public/private food waste recycling facility, the results are as follows: It can be shown that the current amount of domestic food waste resource recycling is about 97 %. Almost every public recycling facility is analyzed to be economically infeasible and is not for recovery but to simple disposal. Especially, most of Biogas facilities appeared that amount of production and demand is not appropriate differed from enforcement design.

폭풍발생에 따른 해안단면변화에 관한 수치해석

표순보,조원철,이보형,이홍식 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

폭풍발생에 다른 해안단면의 변화를 예측하는 것은 해안선 변화에 대한 종합적인 대책을 수립하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 해안단면변화는 주로 해빈의 유사이송에 에 의해 발생되나, 유사이송은 유사의 입경, 수면상승높이, 쇄파고 등 많은 요소들에 의해 복합적으로 작용하기 때문에 현재에도 정확한 예측이 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 해안단면에서의 평형에너지소산개념을 수치모델에 도입하여 폭풍발생에 따른 안층방향의 해안단면변화와 해빈침식에 대하여 분석하여 보았다. 안층방향의 해안단면변화와 해빈침식은 평형단면 파라미터, 유사이송률 파라미터, 수면상승높이에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있다. A numerical model is applied for predicting variation of the beach profile and beach erosion during storms. Equation of sediment continuity and dynamic equation, governing on-offshore sediment transport due to a disequilibrium of wave energy dissipation, are used in the model. During a storm, the beach profile evolves to a form where the depth at the surf zone is related to the distance seaward of the waterline. In general, variation of the beach profile is found to be sensitive to the equilibrium profile parameter, the sediment transport rate parameter and the elevated water level. Also, the model response characteristics in the simulation of beach erosion show a lag between the maximum storm surge elevation and the maximum erosion.

Hemingway 硏究 : ("The Sun Also Rises")를 中心으로

홍문표 군산대학교 1979 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.13 No.2

Ernest Hemingway is one of the representative writers of Lost Generation American Literary Field ever had in the 20th century. Among his great works, the Sun Also Rises prefaces vividly its generation. He became a nuclus of the writers who took an active part in their new productions. The material civilization after the World War I brought about spiritual poverty to man degrading his value. He gives a scathing satire on the world he belongs to with nihility anti disillusion in the sun Also Rises. The discussion of the Sun Also Rises concludes several ambiguous questions concerning the Hemingway's code and suggests that the code is somewhat more allusive than it at first to be. According to his literary principle, he was able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner to the way he lived his life, and he produced a truer account anything factual can be. Just a word in conclusion, the Sun Also Rises is composed of an artistic excellence on a high level and sincerity.

β-Lactamase생성균주에 대한 새로운 β-Lactamase Inbitating Compound와 β-lactam항생제와의 병용시 항균효과

홍인표,김홍진,임채욱,김기호 중앙대학교 약학연구소 1996 약학 논총 Vol.10 No.-

The in vitro and in vivo activities of CH1250, a new β-lactamase inhibiting compound, were compared with the activities of clavulanic acid and sulbactam against 30 β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing was performed to compare the activities of β-lactamase inhibitors. Serial two fold dilutions of β-lactams were tested alone and in two combinations with β-lactamase inhibitor. CH1250 was more active than clavulanic acid against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus S21, Pseudomonas aerug-nosa GN918, Proteus vulgaris 20, Staphylococcus aureus MS15009/1258, Serratia marcescens 1 when combined with cefotaxime. When combined with amoxicillin, CH1250 was more effective against Citrobacter diversus 2046E. Staphylococcus aureus MS25009/1258, Proteus vulgaris GN76. With ampicillin, CH1250 had an better or simillar activities against Escherichia coli 3455E, Klebsiella aerogenes 1976E, Serratia marcescens 1, Staphylococcus aureus MS15009/1258. The efficacy of ampicillin-CH1250 in treatment of mice with systemic infections produced by Klebsiella aerogenes 1976E, a β-lactamase-producing bacteria, was compared with that of ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam. Acute systemic infections in mice were produced by i.p. inoculation of bacterial cultures suspended in 6% mucin. Mice were treated s.c. 1hr after challenge. PD50s of the ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam. ampicillin-CH1250 were 334.32, 170.58, 250.5mg/kg, respectively. CH1250 was not more effective than sulbactam in reducing ampicillin doses required to protect mice from infection produced with Klebsiella aerogenes 1976E. The reduction in the 50% protective dose of ampicillin by CH1250 was 23% better than those effected by sulbactam for Klebsiella aerogenes 1976E infection.

동충하초속균의 균사생장최적화

홍인표 외 한국버섯학회 2004 한국버섯학회지 Vol.2 No.3

This study was carried out to obtain basic data on physiological characteristics for an artificial cultivation of fruiting body of Cordyceps. Specimens such as Cordyceps longissima, C. militaris and C. prvinosa were collected at Mt. Halla of Cheju island in July, 2003. Among four different culture media which have been used for culture of mushrooms, MCM medium was selected for the favorable culture medium of the Cordyceps tested. The initial pH of solid medium for mycelial growth of Cordyceps was good in the range of pH 5.0~7.0 lower than 8.0. The mycelial growth of C. longissima was most favorable on culture media supplemented with glucose, one of monosaccharides. In C. militaris, nine carbon sources were favorable to the mycelial growth as compared with control among 11 carbon sources. Six nitrogen sources were favorable to the mycelial growth of C. longissima as compared with control among 9 carbon sources; namely, the mycelial growth of C. longissima was most favorable on culture media contained potassium nitrate, and followed in order by ammonium citrate and sodium nitrate in 4 weeks incubation. 본 연구는 동충하초속균의 자실체 인공 재배를 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 제주도 한라산에서 채집한 Cordyceps longissima, C. militaris, C. pruinosa 등 야생 동충하초의 형태적, 생리적 특성조사를 수행하였다. Cordyceps longissima : 지좌는 숙주에서 1~2개 발생하며 곤봉형 또는 불규칙형으로 표면이 다소 거칠고 적갈색을 띤다. 두부는 23~59×6~8 mm이며, 병부는 원통형으로 37~151×2.5~4.0 mm이다. 자낭각은 묻힌형으로 553~600×215~270 ㎛. 자낭은 가는 원통형으로 330~510×5~6㎛이며, 자낭포자는 11~13×1.4~1.8 ㎛이다. 자실체는 매미목 매미과의 곤충에서 발생하였다. 균사 생장은 MCM 배지에서 25℃, 4주 배양시 73 mm이며, 균사의 색택은 진황색을 나타내었다. 탄소원으로는 단당류인 glucose, 질소원으로는 potassium nitrate를 가장 잘 이용하였다. C. militaris : 지좌는 숙주에서 1~3개 발생하며 곤봉형으로 주황색을 띤다. 두부는 9~23×6~8mm이며, 병부는 원통형으로 27~30×6~7 mm이다. 자낭각은 반묻힌형으로 465~510×260~310 ㎛. 자낭은 가는 원통형으로 320~385×4.2~4.8 ㎛이며, 자낭포자는 2.2~4.5×1.2~1.4 ㎛이다. 자실체는 나비목 곤충의 번데기에서 발생하였다. 균사 생장은 PDA 배지에서 25℃, 4주 배양시 71 mm이며, 균사의 색택은 연노랑색을 나타내었다. 탄소원으로는 단당류인 frucose, 질소원으로는 potassium nitrate를 가장 잘 이용하였다. C. pruinosa : 지좌는 숙주에서 1개 발생하며 곤봉형으로 주홍색을 띤다. 두부는 7~9×3~4이며, 병부는 원통형으로 13~22× 2~3 mm이다. 자낭각은 반묻힌형으로 350~520×130~310 ㎛. 자낭은 원통형으로 256~270×5~6㎛이며, 자낭포자는 3.2~5.1×0.8~1.3 ㎛이다. 자실체는 나비목 곤충의 번데기에서 발생하였다. 균사 생장은 PDA 배지에서 25℃, 4주 배양시 60 mm이며, 균사의 색택은 연붉은색을 나타내었다. 탄소원으로는 단당류인 arabinose와 mannose, 질소원으로는 sodium nitrite를 가장 잘 이용하였다.