여성폭력이란 무엇인가?: 개념과 유형

장미혜(Mi-Hye Chang) 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2021 이화젠더법학 Vol.13 No.3

최근에는 경제적 이유 등으로 인해 젊은 세대들이 결혼을 통한 관계맺음을 포기하거나 지연하고 있다. 이에 따라 남성과 여성의 법적인 결혼을 통해 구성되는 가족의 형태도 크게 바뀌는 추세를 보인다. 결혼을 중심으로 하는 가족형태의 변화는 단순한 가족형태의 변화를 넘어서서 사회 전체를 지배하는 사회문화적 가치관의 변화로 이어진다. 법적인 혼인상태에 있는 배우자가 아닌, 연인이나 사귀는 것까지 포함한 다양한 사회적 관계로 이루어진 사람들 사이에서도 사랑과 의존, 통제와 폭력, 성관계가 이루어지게 되었기 때문이다. 이러한 사회적 관계의 변화를 감안할 때, 여성폭력의 가해자를 좀 더 다른 시각에서 바라볼 필요성이 대두된다. 이전에는 가족관계에 있는 배우자에 의한 폭력인가의 여부가 가해자 유형을 파악하는 중요한 기준이었다. 그러나 이제는 여성폭력도 이러한 유형에 따라 크게 가정폭력과 성폭력을 여성폭력의 두 가지 축으로 보는 시각에서 좀 벗어날 필요가 있다. 우리나라의 경우 결혼을 중심으로 가족 내의 가족구성원에 발생하는 폭력은 「가정폭력처벌법」에 의해, 그리고 성폭력은 「성폭력처벌법」과 「형법」 등 여러 가지 법률안에 처벌 규정이 있다. 그러나 개별법에서 정의되고 있는 여성폭력의 개념과 유형에는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이 글을 통해 개별적인 하나하나의 여성폭력을 넘어서서 보다 전체적인 시각에서, 여성폭력의 개념을 파악하는 동시에 여성에 대한 폭력을 유형화 하고, 이와 관련하여 여성폭력 통계조사의 한계점에 대해 분석해보고자 한다. Following the Me Too movement, social interest in violence against women has increased, and the social environment surrounding the issue has also been rapidly changing. The necessity of the following has been pointed out: 1) reflect changes in the social context in which violence against women occurs, such as changes in values surrounding family relationships and sexuality, and changes in the form of violence against women, particularly in the use of digital technology, and 2) to accurately identify the actual situation of violence against women. In addition, in recent years, various factors have been causing the younger generation to give up or delay marriage. Accordingly, the traditional family structure of a man and wife in marriage is undergoing significant change. The marriage-centered family type is changing. This change is not limited to change in family type. It leads to changes in the social and cultural values that dominate society as a whole. Love, dependence, control, violence, and sexual intimacy are no longer limited to legally married couples. They occur in various social relationships including people in dating relationships. Given these changes in social relations, we need to look at the perpetrators of violence against women from a different perspective. Previously, the important criterion for identifying perpetrators was to check whether or not the violence was caused by a spouse. Thus, when categorizing violence against women, the conventional method has been to categorize cases largely into domestic violence and sexual violence. However, we have noted that relationship dynamics that were traditionally thought to occur only between married couples are now occurring in other various types of relationships as well. Consequently, the time has come for us to widen our perspective on how we view violence against women. In Korea, violence that occurs to family members in a marriage-centered family is subject to the Act for the Punishment of Domestic Violence. Sexual violence is punished by various laws such as the Act On Special Cases Concerning The Punishment Of Sexual Crimes and Criminal Act. However, it can be seen that the laws differ in how they define the concept and types of violence against women. We need to avoid a fractured view of violence against women and instead aim for a more holistic point of view. The purpose of this report is to 1) identify how the different laws define violence against women and 2) investigate the current state of violence against women and categorize the wide range of cases of violence against women.

논문 : 배당의 미래이익 예측력과 외국인투자자

강태구 ( Tae Goo Kang ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ),남혜정 ( Hye Jeong Nam ) 명지대학교 금융지식연구소 2013 금융지식연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 배당의 미래이익 예측력이 외국인 투자자들의 지분율에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 검증하였다. 일반적으로 배당지급은 기업의 미래이익을 예측하는 데 유용한 정보로 여겨지고 있으나, 이에 대한 실증연구결과들은 혼재되어 있다. 또한 배당의사결정과 관련된 연구들은 투자자들의 배당선호현상에 따라 기업의 배당의사결정이 영향을 받고 있음을 제시하고 있으며, 특히 우리나라의 경우, 배당의사결정에 외국인투자자가 미치는 영향이 매우 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 특정투자자집단의 배당요구가 높은 경우, 기업의 배당의사결정이 미래이익에 대한 사적정보의 전달수단이기 보다는 단기적으로 배당에 대한 투자자들의 요구를 반영한 결과로 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다. 나아가 이러한 배당의사결정은 배당의 미래이익 예측력을 낮게 만들 것으로 예측된다. 본 연구는 배당의 미래이익 예측력을 재검증하고, 나아가 외국인지분율에 따라 배당의 미래이익예측력이 달라지는지 검증하였다. 먼저, 배당의 미래이익 예측연구들은 자기자본이익률(ROE)의 평균회귀(mean reverting)현상과 배당증가 또는 배당감소가 이익변화에 미치는 비대칭적 영향을 고려하고 있으나, 이익변화에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 변수들을 통제하지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 선행연구에서 제시되고 있는 기업규모(SIZE), 성장성(SGR), 부채비율(LEV), 그리고 연도더미를 추가하여, 이를 통제하고 난 후에도 배당의 미래이익예측력이 여전히 존재하는지 검증하였다. 둘째, 배당의 미래이익 예측력이 기업의 배당의사결정에 영향을 미치는 특정집단에 의하여 달라지는지 검증하였다. 2000년부터 2007년까지 배당지급을 한 6,720 기업-년 표본을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 기본 모형뿐만 아니라 여러 통제변수를 포함한 모형에서도 우리나라 기업들의 배당변화는 미래 1년 뒤의 이익변화와 유의한 양의 관계를 나타냈으나, 미래 2년 뒤의 이익변화와는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 이익변화에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 추가한 모형의 설명력(R2=0.46)이 기본모형의 설명력(R2=0.28)보다 급격히 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 관계는 외국인지분율을 통제할 경우, 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 이는 기업의 배당의사결정이 미래전망에 근거하여 이루어지기보다는 특정투자자집단의 배당요구를 반영하는 수단으로 사용되고 있음을 보여준다. 즉 우리나라의 경우, 배당의사결정이 외국인투자자들의 배당요구를 반영하여 이루어짐을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 대부분의 선행연구들이 외국인투자자와 배당성향간의 동시적인 관계에 대한 결과들을 제시한 반면에, 외국인투자자가 우리나라 기업들의 배당의사결정에 미치는 영향과 함께 배당의 미래이익예측력의 관점에서 살펴보았다는 점에 의의가 있다. This paper investigates whether the dividend payout predicts future earnings and the predictability varies depending on the proportion of investors. Specifically, this paper examines the effect of foreign investors on the relationship between dividend change and the predictability of future earnings in Korean firms. Reasoning from the hypothesis that dividend changes convey new information about a firm`s future profitability, a dividend increase is seen as a positive signal about the firm`s future earnings and profitability. However, the results from prior studies are controversial. Some papers have suggested that dividend changes would mean different things depending on a firm`s dividend policy and the motives behind its managers` decision to pay dividends. In addition, a firm`s governance is considered as one of important factors that affects dividend policy. In the Korean security market, foreign investors owned about 38% of the stock in 2007. As the percentage of foreign ownership had grown, many researchers have analyzed the effect of this ownership on dividend policy. However, prior studies found mixed results and have focused on the association between foreign investors and the level of the dividend or dividend change. They also suggest that predictability of dividend on future earnings is influenced by applied assumption on earnings and other factors like governance as well. We revisit the dividend signaling issue in the light of the catering theory of dividends suggested by Baker and Wurgler (2004). Lintner (1956) argued that managers unwilling to change payout ratio without any important change on the firm`s future performance. Won and Kim (1992) report that managers are more likely to be concerned about the internal factors such as net income, divisible surplus, predicted future performance, and the shareholders` preference for dividend policy. More importantly, several studies suggest that the foreign investors have a significant effect on the Korean market. Park (2004) reports that foreign investors` participation in firms generally pushes up the dividend payments while pulling down investments made in facilities no matter which industry a company is in. Sul and Kim (2006) show that those companies whose majority shareholders are foreign investors tend to pay higher dividends than others whose majority shareholders are domestic investors. In contrast to negative effect of foreign investor, there are empirical studies claiming positive impact of foreign investor in Korean market. Ahn, Shin, and Chang (2005) suggest that foreign investors prefer firms with lower information asymmetry. The study also shows that foreign investors can effectively monitor the management of firm in lessening information asymmetry. Similarly, Park and Lee (2006) suggest that foreign investors` participation in investment of domestic firms can help them make more efficient management decision by improving their corporate governance. Thus, Park and Lee claim that it is problematic to generalize the negative role of foreign investors in the Korean market. Based on this argument, we predict that if foreign investors play an effective monitoring role in a dividend policy, dividend change for firms with higher level of foreign investors is a good indicator in predicting future earnings than for firms with lower level of foreign investors. However, if foreign investors play a negative role in dividend decision process, predictability of dividend decreases. We test this prediction by using the modified model with several control variables that can affect earnings changes. Using 6,720 observations from 1993 to 2007, we find that the dividend change predicts future earnings for next one year relative to the dividend change year. Specifically, the coefficient on RDIV is 0.045 (t=6.85) and this indicates the dividend increases is a good indicator in predicting future earnings. When it comes to model specification, adjusted R2 of modified model is greater than that of the basic model, which means that the modified model is well specified in explaining earnings changes. The result of the effect of foreign investors on predictability of dividend is not significant. This finding implies that managers, on average, decide to pay dividend as a response to demand from foreign investors.

펠던크라이스 기법, 탄성밴드 운동 및 복합운동 적용이 현대무용전공자의 체간근력에 미치는 영향

김채수(Kim Chae-Soo),권혜영(Kwon Hye-Young),이원재(Lee Won-Jae),조창모(Jo Chang-Mo),김진환(Kim Jin-Hwan),주성범(Ju Sung-Bum),이미경(Lee Mi-Kyoung) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study is carried out to examine the effect of applying Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training on trunk muscle. The subjects of this study were 32 modern dance majors and they were divided into four groups which consists of 8 peoples each, Feldenkrais method group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method), elastic band training group(modern dance + elastic band training), combined training group(modern dance + Feldenkrais method + elastic band training), and control group(modern dance). Measurement variables which are trunk muscle were measured before training, and after 4 and 8 weeks training and the results are as follow: In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 0°, Feldenkrais method group, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group had significant increase after 8 weeks training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 45°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training and after 4 weeks training. Also elastic band training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 90°, Feldenkrais method group and combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, Feldenkrais method group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training, and elastic band training group significantly increased after 8weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 135°, there was no significant changes. In the right muscle strength change, elastic band training group and combined training group showed significant increase after 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the left muscle strength change at Centaur 180°, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. In the right muscle strength change, combined training group showed significant increase after 4 and 8 weeks training compared to before training. From above results, applying 8 weeks regular program of Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training to modern dance majors showed positive changes on improvement of trunk muscle strength and physical strength. Also this study implemented to verify the effects of trunk muscle strength and body balance through supplementary training program, and showed the effects in the training group and control group after 8 weeks trunk muscle strengthening program. Feldenkrais method, elastic band training and combined training are very effective to improve trunk muscle strength of modern dance majors so that continuous implementation and application of these effective training program shall be provided for strengthening trunk muscle.

건축 프로젝트 적정 설계변경 관리를 위한 사례조사

김성욱(Kim Sung-Wook),남혜원(Nam Hye-Won),이종식(Lee Jong-Sik),신창현(Shin Chang-Hyun),전재열(Chun Jae-Youl) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

Recent design changes in the existing research on the factors and issues of design changes and analysis, responsible for analyzing the relationship, procedural issues, and issues of research that can be active. However, changes in the design of problems are essentially designed to complement the book is for the procedure. Methodology for dealing with design changes in the characteristics of the country and to reflect more realistically, and various design changes and looked at trends in related research. the design Change of this study to examine the domestic status and problems, identify the status of the country about the design changes, and in suggesting the direction to the development of the design changes.

Modulation of the MJO and North Pacific Storm Track Relationship by the QBO

Wang, Jiabao,Kim, Hye-Mi,Chang, Edmund K. M.,Son, Seok-Woo American Geophysical Union 2018 Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres Vol.123 No.8

<P>This study demonstrates a possible impact of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)-related North Pacific storm track (NPST) change during October-March for the period of 1979-2016. The NPST shows significant intraseasonal changes in response to the MJO. In general, when the MJO convection is located over the Indian Ocean (western to central Pacific), the NPST tends to shift poleward (southward). This MJO-related NPST change has larger amplitude during the easterly phase of the QBO (EQBO) than during its westerly phase (WQBO). The spatial distribution of this NPST change also exhibits significant differences between the two QBO phases with a zonally elongated pattern during EQBO winters but separated into two centers during WQBO winters. Diagnoses of the dynamical processes associated with the NPST change indicate the dominant roles of the baroclinic energy conversion and downstream energy propagation. The analysis of intraseasonal flow change indicates a larger amplitude of the MJO-related baroclinicity over the North Pacific. This is likely due to a stronger MJO and associated Rossby wave source in EQBO winters, which may give rise to the enhanced amplitude of the NPST change. On the other hand, different spatial distribution of the NPST change is likely a result of a direct impact of the QBO on the NPST. These results suggest that the QBO impact needs to be considered for better reproduction of the MJO-NPST teleconnection in general circulation models, which may also benefit subseasonal prediction of extratropical storm activities.</P>

Five 2030 Scenarios for the Family and Related Policy Implications

Hye-kyung Chang,Eun-ji Kim,Young-ran Kim,So-young Kim,Bo-young Sun 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2014 Gender Studies and Policy Review Vol.7 No.-

This research has been designed as the second-year project of the four-year Special Research (2011-2014) effort. The main purpose of this current project is to develop potential scenarios regarding families of the future by predicting directions of change. In order to elaborate these scenarios, the five areas of demographic environment, labor and economic environment, science and technology, political environment, and perceptions of the family were singled out as major areas affecting the outlook on the future family. Next, the Delphi technique was applied in order to identify key drivers behind future changes in the family for each respective area. Next, the trend in changes was forecasted for each area and hypotheses were crafted regarding the impact of these changes on the lives of women and their families. Caretaking, inequality, and family values were selected as the main axes of the scenarios, based on a combination of the hypotheses. Next, the three axes were juxtaposed, resulting in a total of eight scenarios from which five were selected. These five scenarios include the conflict between personal values and family life scenario, the polarization of family life scenario, the loose but intimate family scenario, the coexistence of equal society and unequal family scenario, and the maximized familial burden scenario. According to a nation-wide survey of 5,000 people regarding these five scenarios, the loose but intimate family scenario was identified as the most preferred. In order for South Korea to progress toward this scenario, this research suggests reinforcement of social security policy, evaluation of overall care policy and future directions, and refinement of laws and institutions in accordance with the strengthening perception of an individual-oriented family.

Association Between Gut Regulatory Hormones and Post-operative Weight Loss Following Gastrectomy in Patients With Gastric Cancer

Hye-Kyung Jung,Chung Hyun Tae,Hye Ah Lee,Ko Eun Lee,Chang Mo Moon,Seong Eun Kim,Ju Young Seoh,Joo-Ho Lee 대한소화기 기능성질환·운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.3

Background/AimsPost-operative weight loss in patients with gastric cancer lead to a poor quality of life and long-term survival. This study aims to evaluate the effects of gut regulatory hormones on post-operative weight loss in patients with subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. MethodsThis prospective study was conducted for 12 months post-surgery in 14 controls and 13 gastrectomy patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Serum plasma ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory peptide-1, peptide YY, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance responses to a standardized test meal were recorded at multiple time points before and after gastrectomy at 4 and 12 months. ResultsThe mean weight difference between the pre-operative state and the 4-month period was significantly reduced to 6.6 kg (P = 0.032), but significant weight reduction was not observed from 4 months to 12 months. The plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory peptide-1, and peptide YY were significantly increased 4 months postoperatively compared to the pre-operative state (all P = 0.035); however, pre-operative levels and relative changes over a period of 0-4 months of hormones were not correlated with body weight changes. Only the pre-operative ghrelin at peak had a negative correlation with changes in weight reduction in the 4 months after surgery (ρ = −0.8, P = 0.024). ConclusionsSignificant weight reduction was common after subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer with a negative correlation pre-operative plasma ghrelin levels. Incretin hormones are modestly but significantly increased after subtotal gastrectomy; however, these changes did not affect the weight changes.

Monitoring of Motor and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials During Spine Surgery: Intraoperative Changes and Postoperative Outcomes

Shin Hye Chang,박윤길,김대현,윤서연 대한재활의학회 2016 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.40 No.3

Objective To evaluate whether the combination of muscle motor evoked potentials (mMEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) measured during spinal surgery can predict immediate and permanent postoperative motor deficits.Methods mMEP and SEP was monitored in patients undergoing spinal surgery between November 2012 and July 2014. mMEPs were elicited by a train of transcranial electrical stimulation over the motor cortex and recorded from the upper/lower limbs. SEPs were recorded by stimulating the tibial and median nerves.Results Combined mMEP/SEP recording was successfully achieved in 190 operations. In 117 of these, mMEPs and SEPs were stable and 73 showed significant changes. In 20 cases, motor deficits in the first 48 postoperative hours were observed and 6 patients manifested permanent neurological deficits. The two potentials were monitored in a number of spinal surgeries. For surgery on spinal deformities, the sensitivity and specificity of combined mMEP/SEP monitoring were 100% and 92.4%, respectively. In the case of spinal cord tumor surgeries, sensitivity was only 50% but SEP changes were observed preceding permanent motor deficits in some cases.Conclusion Intraoperative monitoring is a useful tool in spinal surgery. For spinal deformity surgery, combined mMEP/SEP monitoring showed high sensitivity and specificity; in spinal tumor surgery, only SEP changes predicted permanent motor deficits. Therefore, mMEP, SEP, and joint monitoring may all be appropriate and beneficial for the intraoperative monitoring of spinal surgery.

논문 : 서커스 의상의 다면성 연구

장혜숙 ( Hye Seok Chang ) 한국연극교육학회 2012 연극교육연구 Vol.20 No.-

A Study on the Aspects of Circus Costume Chang, Hye-sook The circus is a performance which began from the ancient religious ceremonies long time ago and it has existed as a means of major entertainment forms showing fighting, anger, hope, fear, challenge, survival and other major affairs of all cultures, e circus has followed it` history through Greece, Rome and Commedia del Arte of Medieval and was spread all over the world since France cavalry, Philippe Ashley introduced the sense of modern circus in 18C, Until then, the costumes were built by hand and attached with some of decorations on that period`s outfits by circus families without a concrete concept of a circus costume. Around 19C, a french trapeze artist, Jules Leotards had developed flexible leotard fitted on the body. The circus business was increasingly thrived and popular and costumes were changed into flashingly splendid costumes, decorated with sequins, spangle and feathers. It was necessary that spectacular elements were required from a sense of urgency in the waves of change into large performances or movies. However, the costumes had to stay within the framework of the traditional circus costumes due to the lack of budget, the heterogeneity of traditions and customs and the characteristics of the circus which consists of a variety of acts. The professional costume designer, therefore, emerged very late by comparing with other performances. In 1950s and 1960s, the circus eventually was on the decline due to the impact of visual media such as movies and TV and averted from the public. During the flow of new art in the 1980s, the resurrection of the movement was called through the street artists and new forms were created between the genres. In addition, the appearance of new circus and art circus led to big changes in the artistic and commercial aspects, ``Cirque du Soleil``, which has introduced creativity and unique beauty, is a representative company. Recently, the study on circus was activated owing to the revitalization of entertainment industry and ``Cirque du Soleil``. The interest and investment has been growing as part of a activation policy for the culture & art industry in Korea. Accordingly, a depth study as well as an accurate understanding for the circus costume became a very urgent need. The circus costumes should take precedence on the movement and safety without interrupting the acts. Durable costume would be suitable for long-term performance. Therefore, the research and development is essential in costume design, color, construction methods and materials. Costume, as a symbol, provides limitless imagination to the audience and could lead to the fantasy world of circus in which everything could happen with an open mind. Today`s audience is a generation that has been raised in front of television, computer and video game. Their lives are surrounded by strong spectacles and lots of entertainments. It should be provided with a high level of performance by the beautiful and artistic costumes to evoke continuous interests of the circus. Another feature of the circus costume is an amusement. Ridiculous props, makeup and colorful and exaggerated costumes with bold colors impart dream, hope and joy to all ages. Unusual and mismatched discrepancy in costume evokes even familiarity and interest to the audience rather than the heaviness, f a depth study and creative development of using materials through the different functions and aspects were reflected in the design and construction, continuous blue ocean as well as high-level of circus performance in the culture and arts industry will go in the future.

Which Environmental Factors Caused Lammas Shoot Growth of Korean Red Pine?

Lee, Chang-Seok,Song, Hye-Gyung,Kim, Hye-Soo,Lee, Bit-Na-Ra,Pi, Jeong-Hoon,Cho, Yong-Chan,Seol, Eun-Sil,Oh, Woo-Seok,Park, Sung-Ae,Lee, Seon-Mi The Ecological Society of Korea 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.1

Lammas growth, a rare phenomenon for Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), occurred in 2006. Lammas shoots showed higher frequency and longer length in Seoul's hotter urban center than in urban boundary or suburban forest sites. Frequency and length showed a close correlation with urbanization density and vegetation cover expressed in NDVI. Air temperature in the late summer of 2006 was more than $1^{\circ}C$ higher than an average year. Of the predominant environmental signals that modulate bud flush, only temperature changed significantly during the year. Differences in temperature between the urban centers, urban boundaries and suburban forests correlated with varying land-use density. The rise in temperature likely spurred lammas growth of the Korean red pine. Symptoms of climate change are being detected throughout the world, and its consequences will be clearer in the future. Considerate interest in the responses of ecological systems to the variable changes is required to prepare for unforeseeable crises. Monitoring of diverse ecological phenomena at Long Term Ecological Research sites could offer harbingers of change.