Superficial Dosimetry for Helical Tomotherapy

Song Yih Kim(김송이),Sei Hwan You(유세환),Taesoo Song(송태수),Yong Nam Kim(김용남),Ki Chang Keum(금기창),Jae Ho Cho(조재호),Chang Geol Lee(이창걸),Jinsil Seong(성진실) 대한방사선종양학회 2009 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.27 No.2

목 적: 피부와 같이 표면이 넓고 굴곡이 있는 부분을 치료할 때 토모테라피의 유용성과 치료 계획에서 계산된 표면 조사량의 정확성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 실린더 모양의 치즈 팬텀을 이용하여 2가지의 치료 계획을 세웠다. 첫 번째 계획은 표면에서 1 cm 깊이까지 고리 모양의 치료 부위를 설정하고, 여기에 2 Gy의 선량을 처방하였다. 다른 계획은 표면에서 5 mm 바깥쪽부터 1 cm 깊이까지 고리 모양의 치료 부위를 설정하고, 여기에 2 Gy의 선량을 처방하였다. 표면에서 2 cm 밑의 안쪽 부분은 차폐하여 방사선이 직접 들어가지 않도록 하였다. 표면 선량과 깊이에 따른 선량 분포를 측정하기 위하여, EDR2 필름을 팬텀 안에 넣었으며, TLD 칩 6개를 표면에 부착하였다. 결 과: 필름을 분석한 결과, 표면 선량은 첫 번째 계획에서 118.7 cGy였고 두 번째 계획에서 130.9 cGy였다. TLD칩을 분석한 결과, 필름에 비하여 표면 선량이 높게 나왔는데 이것은 TLD 칩의 두께로 인한 것으로 생각된다. 처방 선량의 95%에 다다르는 깊이는 첫 번째 계획의 경우 2.1 mm, 두 번째 계획의 경우 2.2 mm였다. 최대 선량은 처방 선량의 110%였다. 표면에서 깊어질수록, 선량은 빠르게 감소하였고, 표면에서 2 cm 깊이에서는 처방 선량의 20%만 측정되었다. 결 론: 토모테라피는 피부와 같은 넓고 굴곡진 부위를 치료하는데 유용하다. 하지만 표면에서 2 mm 깊이 이내의 경우 실제 선량이 계획된 선량보다 적게 나타나기 때문에, 이 깊이보다 얕게 위치한 부위를 치료할 경우에는 보상체가 필요하다. Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of helical tomotherapy on a wide curved area of the skin, and its accuracy in calculating the absorbed dose in the superficial region. Materials and Methods: Two types of treatment plans were made with the cylinder-shaped ‘cheese phantom’. In the first trial, 2 Gy was prescribed to a 1-cm depth from the surface. For the other trial, 2 Gy was prescribed to a 1-cm depth from the external side of the surface by 5 mm. The inner part of the phantom was completely blocked. To measure the surface dose and the depth dose profile, an EDR2 film was inserted into the phantom, while 6 TLD chips were attached to the surface. Results: The film indicated that the surface dose of the former case was 118.7 cGy and the latter case was 130.9 cGy. The TLD chips indicated that the surface dose was higher than these, but it was due to the finite thickness of the TLD chips. In the former case, 95% of the prescribed dose was obtained at a 2.1 mm depth, while the prescribed does was at 2.2 mm in the latter case. The maximum dose was about 110% of the prescribed dose. As the depth became deeper, the dose decreased rapidly. Accordingly, at a 2-cm depth, the dose was 20 % of the prescribed dose. Conclusion: Helical tomotherapy could be a useful application in the treatment of a wide area of the skin with curvature. However, for depths up to 2 mm, the planning system overestimated the superficial dose. For shallower targets, the use of a compensator such as a bolus is required.

Modification of mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac regeneration.

Song, Heesang,Song, Byeong-Wook,Cha, Min-Ji,Choi, In-Geol,Hwang, Ki-Chul Ashley Publications Ltd 2010 Expert opinion on biological therapy Vol.10 No.3

<P>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the greatest potential for use in cell-based therapy of human heart diseases, especially in myocardial infarcts. The therapeutic potential of MSCs in myocardial repair is based on the ability of MSCs to directly differentiate into cardiac tissue and on the paracrine actions of factors released from MSCs. However, the major obstacle in the clinical application of MSC-based therapy is the poor viability of the transplanted cells due to harsh microenvironments like ischemia, inflammation and/or anoikis in the infarcted myocardium. Recently, various approaches have been implemented in an effort to improve the survival of implanted MSCs through ex vivo manipulation of MSCs.</P>

급성 A형 간염 이환 후에 만성신장병이 합병된 1예와 막사구체신염이 합병된 1예

송인걸 ( In Geol Song ),강민규 ( Min Gyu Kang ),나운태 ( Woon Tae Na ),김성태 ( Sung Tae Kim ),박문일 ( Moon Il Park ),윤세희 ( Se Hei Yun ),윤성로 ( Sung Ro Yun ) 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.4

Acute A viral hepatitis is a mild, self-limiting disease of liver and acute renal failure (ARF) is a rare complication. We report two cases of chronic renal failure (CRF) in nonfulminant acute A viral hepatitis and ARF. A 40-year-old man was admitted with ARF and acute A viral hepatitis, and underwent temporary hemodialysis therapy. The renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis with tubulointerstitial nephritis. At 13 months after discharge serum creatinine was 1.33 mg/dL and protein-creatinine ratio of spot urine was 0.47 (mg/mg Cr). The second case was a 28-year-old man and was managed conservatively. At discharge the serum creatinine was 3.14 mg/dL and the urinalysis showed hematuria, and protein-creatinine ratio 0.56 (mg/mg Cr). Thirty-nine months after discharge, the creatinine was 1.23 mg/dL, the urinalysis showed persistent nephritis findings and the protein-creatinine ratio 1.28. Kidney biopsy revealed the membranous glomerulopathy with mild tubulointerstitial nephritis, and all of findings suggested the systemic disease-associated secondary glomerulopathy. To our knowledge our case is the first one of chronic glomerulapathy that is confirmed by kidney biopsy.

유동층상 보일러 석탄회의 자기-경화 및 탄산화 반응 메커니즘

이웅걸(Lee, Woong Geol),강승민(Kang, Seung Min),송현진(Song, Hyun Jin),송명신(Song, Myong Shin) 한국콘크리트학회 2021 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 유동층상 보일러 석탄회의 자기 경화메커니즘과 탄산화 반응에 대하여 연구하였다. 유동층상 보일러 석탄회는 에트링자이트의 생성과, 이산화탄소 존재 하에서의 탄산화 반응에 의해 생성되는 calcium carbo ferrite의 생성에 의해 경화하는 특성을 나타낸다. In this study, the machanism of self-hardening and carbonation reaction of fluidized-bed boiler coal ash. Fluidized-bed boiler coal ash hardened by formation of ettringite and by formation of calcium carbo ferrite by carbo reaction in the presence of CO2.

Blast furnace slag의 표면 활성화 특성 및 quick-setting 특성에 관한 연구

이웅걸(Lee, woong geol),송명신(Song, yung Sin),강현주(Kang, Hyun Ju),최훈(Choi, Hun),송영진(Song, yong jin) 한국콘크리트학회 2010 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

A Study on the Effectiveness and Relation of the Sacro Occipital Technique Blocking with Acupuncture Treatment

Song Soo-cheol,Jung Da-un,Yeo Kyeong-chan,Park Hoi-jin,Kim Eun-geol,Moon Sung-il 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.25 No.2

목적 : 요통 환자에서 Sacro Occipital Technique(SOT)의 블로킹 기법을 침구 치료와 동시에 사용했을 때 Oswestry 장애 지수와 VAS의 변화 및 호전도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방법 : 요통으로 내원한 72명의 환자를 대상으로 SOT 기법을 통해 하위 세 분류로 나누고 이에 따라 SOT 기법대로 침구 치료 시 블로킹 기법을 함께 사용하였다. 처음 방문 시에는 치료 전에 설문지를, 그 이후로는 치료 후에 설문지를 기입하여 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 단독 침 치료군에 비해서 Category Ⅱ와 Category Ⅲ는 초진과 2차 방문 사이에 효과가 있었다. Category Ⅱ는 초진과 3차 방문 사이에서 유의성이 더 있었으나 Category Ⅲ는 유의성이 없었다. Category Ⅰ은 단독 침 치료군에 비해서 효과가 없었다. VAS로 측정한 경우에는 SOT군 치료군 어느 군에서도 단독 침 치료군에 비해 통계적으로 유의미한 효과를 보이지 못했다. 결론 : 요통에 침구치료를 겸한 SOT 블로킹 치료는 선택적으로 효과를 보이며 그 가운데 Category Ⅱ로 진단된 요통환자에게서 높은 효과를 보인다.

白居易 詩 宋詩的 특징 고찰

宋龍準,鄭鎭傑 한국중국어문학회 2001 中國文學 Vol.35 No.-

本文計차白居易的淸中所停琨的宋濤特点, 是딘팎툴琨案杜을的達帶業票, 散文化, 以及淡羅性三수側面來探겨的. 遲述速次硏究得知了狀下三수方面的事業: 首先, 淪人出于素任感, 在値的溥申反映了珊案生活, 伴璵了濤들琨案柱合的連帶業系. 其次, 遲述虛潟和主潛的使用, 揷奔了郎些模湖, 曖昧的表琨形式, 幷且遞逑敍逑的方式, 使淪文泰迭得更加克分. 第三, 白居易的隔适淸在述于重視哲理的逑一面上, 宋代的淡理濬有共同之鈗, 因此, 諦耉的濤都逑于强淵哲理, 而失去7其文孝性. 遲逑此次硏究, 峯奢裳琨, 中唐白居易的辯툴宋淸存在着密切的業戰性, 可是遠神業系是如何形成的, 知晩. 所以, 饔者想把硏究白居易的淸是遲逑憲洋的渠道影晴到宋代, 其裳雇逑程如何, 作淪下一부潗題業硏究.

Catechin and Caffeine Concentration Variations in Jeju Green Tea Varieties Harvested Over a Seven-Month Period

Song, Kwan-Jeong,Beak, Dong-Chul,Kim, You-Wang,Kim, Young-Geol,Lee, Min-Seok,Lee, Sam-Pin,Kim, Chan-Shick The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2010 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.15 No.3

Caffeine and catechins from the Yabukita, Yutakamidori, Saemidori, Okumidori, and Fushun varieties of tea leaves picked during different harvesting seasons from April to October were evaluated using HPLC. Total content of catechins increased greatly with the later harvesting time of tea leaves (i.e., picking the leaves in September versus in April) and decreased slightly after September. Yabukita tea leaves picked in August contained 43.1 mg% catechins including EGC, EC, ECG, and EGCG, with the ECGC levels constituting greater than 50% of those four compounds. Yutakamidori and Okumidori varieties picked in September contained the highest catechin values, at 43.6 mg% and 31.0 mg%, respectively. Fushun and Saemidori varieties contained lower catechin concentrations of 14.5 mg% (July) and 11.7 mg% (August) compared to other varieties. The EGCG levels gradually decreased in the late harvesting season, while levels of the other catechins, EC, EGC, and ECG, gradually increased. All varieties of green tea showed a gradual decrease in caffeine content toward the end of our harvesting efforts in October, with levels of 58~68 mg% in April and 28~57 mg% in October. Yabukita, Saemidori, and Okumidori varieties reached their highest caffeine levels in late spring/early summer, with Yabukita and Okumidori varieties reaching a high of 73.4% and 63.5% caffeine, respectively, in May, and Saemidori at 64.0% in June. In particular, Fushun still contained high caffeine of 66.8 mg% (September) during the late harvesting season.

Intraocular application of gold nanodisks optically tuned for optical coherence tomography: inhibitory effect on retinal neovascularization without unbearable toxicity

Song, Hyun Beom,Wi, Jung-Sub,Jo, Dong Hyun,Kim, Jin Hyoung,Lee, Sang-Won,Lee, Tae Geol,Kim, Jeong Hun 1637.934400 2017 NANOMEDICINE Vol.13 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bare gold nanospheres have been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects but are optically unfavorable because their resonant wavelength lies in the visible spectrum. Here, we design gold nanodisks with a higher scattering capability than gold nanorods and with a resonant wavelength at near-infrared region – the area where the source of light utilized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) lies. With a physical synthesis system, we then fabricate 160-nm-sized gold nanodisks exhibiting resonant wavelength at 830 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were successfully visualized in <I>in vivo</I> OCT at concentrations as low as 1 pM. After demonstrating their binding ability to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we show that they suppress VEGF-induced migration of endothelial cells. Finally, we demonstrate that intravitreally injected gold nanodisks attenuate neovascularization of oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice, in a dose dependent manner, such that they are cleared from the vitreous within 2 weeks without histologic or electrophysiologic toxicity.</P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>To design gold nanoparticles with high contrast in optical coherence tomography (OCT), shape, size and surface charge were considered. Gold nanodisks have higher scattering efficiencies and resonant wavelength can be modulated by changing size. Negative zeta potential of bare gold facilitates diffusion in the vitreous. As a result, 160-nm-sized bare gold nanodisks exhibiting resonant wavelength at 830 nm where the source of light utilized by OCT lies were fabricated. Intravitreally injected gold nanodisks showed strong signal intensity in <I>in vivo</I> OCT and could attenuate retinal neovascularization of oxygen-induced retinopathy mice. They were cleared by 2 weeks without any unbearable toxicity.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of endocrine disruptors on the ratio of X and Y chromosome-bearing live spermatozoa

Song, Won-Hee,Mohamed, Elsayed A.,Pang, Won-Ki,Kang, Kyu-Ho,Ryu, Do-Yeal,Rahman, Md Saidur,Pang, Myung-Geol Elsevier 2018 Reproductive toxicology Vol.82 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although equal numbers of X and Y spermatozoa are produced during spermatogenesis, the sex chromosome ratio in ejaculated spermatozoa can be altered by exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can be reflected by altered sex ratios at birth. Here, we hypothesized EDCs affect sperm functions and viability of X and Y chromosome-bearing human spermatozoa. After exposure to genistein (Gen), bisphenol A (BPA), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), and diazinon (Diaz), we evaluated motility, viability, capacitation, and differential viability of X and Y spermatozoa. All EDCs tested altered sperm viability, motility, and capacitation. Interestingly, the Y/X ratio of live spermatozoa was significantly lower in sperm treated with TCDD, DBCP, and Diaz than control spermatozoa. Our results suggest that some of EDCs have larger effects on the viability of Y spermatozoa than X spermatozoa, implicating that a reduction in Y sperm viability may result in a female-biased sex ratio of offspring at birth.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> EDCs tested have a negative impact on human sperm functions. </LI> <LI> There are no significant differences in the viability of euploidy and aneuploidy spermatozoa following exposure to EDCs. </LI> <LI> TCDD, DBCP, and Diaz adversely affect the viability of Y spermatozoa more than X spermatozoa. </LI> <LI> A reduction in Y sperm viability may result in a female-biased sex ratio of offspring at birth. </LI> </UL> </P>